Automatic spent magazine ejection and control group

Abstract

A firearm comprising: (i) an ammunition magazine which automatically ejects from the lower receiver of the firearm when the ammunition magazine is spent; (ii) a control group comprising a magazine release mechanism for releasing the magazine catch so that the ammunition magazine is detachable from the lower receiver, a bolt catch engage mechanism for engaging the bolt catch with the bolt carrier and retaining the bolt carrier in the retracted position, and a bolt catch release mechanism for releasing the bolt catch from the bolt carrier and allowing the bolt carrier to move forward, wherein the control group components can be operated by the user on either the left side or right side of the firearm; and (iii) optionally, a charging handle which can be operated by the user on either the left side or right side of the firearm.

Claims

1. A control group for a firearm, said firearm having a forward end and a rearward end, and a left side and a right side opposite the left side, said firearm comprising an ammunition magazine for carrying ammunition cartridges, a lower receiver and a magazine catch for attaching the ammunition magazine to the lower receiver, said firearm comprising a chamber, a bolt carrier for stripping an ammunition cartridge from the ammunition magazine and moving the ammunition cartridge forward to the chamber, a bolt catch for retaining the bolt carrier in a retracted position rearward from the ammunition magazine, said control group comprising a magazine release mechanism for releasing the magazine catch so that the ammunition magazine is detachable from the lower receiver, a bolt catch engage mechanism for engaging the bolt catch with the bolt carrier and retaining the bolt carrier in the retracted position, a bolt catch release mechanism for releasing the bolt catch from the bolt carrier and allowing the bolt carrier to move forward, and a stack lever on the left side of the firearm, wherein the stack lever has a proximal end and a distal end, and a pivot point located between the proximal end and the distal end, wherein the stack lever is in contact with the magazine catch and the bolt catch, wherein the stack lever pivots about the pivot point and causes: (i) the magazine catch to be released so that the ammunition magazine is detachable from the lower receiver; and (ii) the bolt catch to engage the bolt carrier and retain the bolt carrier in a retracted position; wherein the stack lever is mounted on a stack lever mount, said stack lever mount comprising a proximal end and a distal end, said stack lever mount further comprising a first mounting hole adjacent the proximal end of the stack lever mount and a second mounting hole adjacent the distal end of the stack lever mount, said stack lever mount further comprising a pivot point between the proximal end of the stack lever mount and the distal end of the stack lever mount, said pivot point of the stack lever mount aligning with the pivot point of the stack lever, wherein a spring is positioned between the stack lever and the stack lever mount and biases the stack lever to pivot such that the proximal end of the stack lever moves inwards relative the firearm, said magazine release mechanism comprising a left magazine release feature on the left side of the firearm and a right magazine release feature on the right side of the firearm, wherein the magazine release mechanism is configured so that the left magazine release feature is actuated with a first user action to release the magazine catch and detach the ammunition magazine from the lower receiver, wherein the magazine release mechanism is configured so that the right magazine release feature is actuated with a second user action to release the magazine catch and detach the ammunition magazine from the lower receiver, and wherein the magazine release mechanism comprises: (i) the magazine catch, wherein the magazine catch comprises a proximal end and a distal end; and (ii) a magazine release post which comprises a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end of the magazine catch and the proximal end of the magazine release post are attached to each other so that the magazine catch and the magazine release post extend generally perpendicular to each other, and the magazine catch and the magazine release post pivot with respect to each other around a central axis of the magazine release post in a direction that makes their angle with respect to each other obtuse, said bolt catch engage mechanism comprising a left bolt catch engage feature on the left side of the firearm and a right bolt catch engage feature on the right side of the firearm, wherein the bolt catch engage mechanism is configured so that the left bolt catch engage feature is actuated with a third user action to engage the bolt catch with the bolt carrier and retain the bolt carrier in the refracted position, and wherein the bolt catch engage mechanism is configured so that the right bolt catch engage feature is actuated with a fourth user action to engage the bolt catch with the bolt carrier and retain the bolt carrier in the retracted position, said bolt catch release mechanism comprising a left bolt catch release feature on the left side of the firearm and a right bolt catch release feature on the right side of the firearm, wherein the bolt catch release mechanism is configured so that the left bolt catch release feature is actuated with a fifth user action to release the bolt catch from the bolt carrier and allow the bolt carrier to move forward, and wherein the bolt catch release mechanism is configured so that the right bolt catch release feature is actuated with a sixth user action to release the bolt catch from the bolt carrier and allow the bolt carrier to move forward.

2. The control group of claim 1, further comprising a rocker lever on the right side of the firearm, said rocker lever comprising a proximal end and a distal end; wherein the rocker lever is mounted on a rocker lever mount, said rocker lever mount comprising a proximal end and a distal end, said rocker lever mount further comprising a first mounting hole adjacent the proximal end of the rocker lever mount and a second mounting hole adjacent the distal end of the rocker lever mount, said rocker lever mount further comprising a pivot point between the proximal end of the rocker lever mount and the distal end of the rocker lever mount.

3. The control group of claim 2, further comprising: (i) a first link rod which extends through the first mounting hole of the stack lever mount and the first mounting hole of the rocker lever mount; and (ii) a second link rod which extends through the second mounting hole of the stack lever mount and the second mounting hole of the rocker lever mount, wherein said first link rod and said second link rod allow a force applied to one of the left side or right side of the firearm to traverse the lower receiver to the other of the left side or right side of the firearm; wherein each link rod passes through a hollow pivot sleeve to fasten the stack lever mount and rocker lever mount to the lower receiver.

4. The control group of claim 3, wherein the left magazine release feature comprises a first button or pad on the left side of the firearm, wherein the first user action comprises applying a force to said first button or pad and causes the stack lever to pivot which in turn causes the magazine catch to pivot about the central axis of the magazine release post such that the magazine catch is released and the ammunition magazine is detached from the lower receiver; wherein the right magazine release feature comprises a second button or pad on the right side of the firearm, wherein the second user action comprises applying a force to said second button or pad and causes the magazine catch to translate along the central axis of the magazine release post such that the magazine catch is released and the ammunition magazine is detached from the lower receiver.

5. The control group of claim 4, wherein the left bolt catch engage feature comprises a third button or pad on the bolt catch, wherein the third user action comprises applying a force to said third button or pad and causes the bolt catch to engage the bolt carrier and retain the bolt carrier in the retracted position; wherein the right bolt catch engage feature comprises a fourth button or pad on the distal end of the rocker lever, wherein the fourth user action comprises applying a force to said fourth button or pad, wherein said force is imparted through a barrel nut at the proximal end of the rocker lever and traverses the lower receiver through the first link rod directly to the bolt catch causing pivoting of the bolt catch to engage the bolt carrier and retain the bolt carrier in the retracted position.

6. The control group of claim 5, wherein the left bolt catch release feature comprises a fifth button or pad on the bolt catch, wherein the fifth user action comprises applying a force to said fifth button or pad and causes the bolt catch to release the bolt carrier and allow the bolt carrier to travel forward.

7. The control group of claim 5, wherein the left bolt catch release feature comprises a button or pad at the distal end of the second link rod, wherein the fifth user action comprises applying a force to said button or pad, wherein said button or pad contacts the distal end of the second link rod allowing transfer of the force through the rocker lever to the first link rod via a barrel nut at the proximal end of the rocker lever, and wherein the first link rod pushes directly on the cavity adjacent to the second protrusion of the bolt catch causing a pivoting motion of the bolt catch to release the bolt carrier and allow the bolt carrier to travel forward.

8. The control group of claim 6, wherein the right bolt catch release feature comprises a sixth button or pad on the proximal end of the rocker lever, wherein the sixth user action comprises applying a force to said sixth button or pad, wherein said force traverses the lower receiver through the first link rod and acts directly on the cavity adjacent to the second protrusion of the bolt catch, causing the bolt catch to pivot and release the bolt carrier and allow the bolt carrier to travel forward.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c illustrate right, top and left views of a prior art AR-15 rifle;

(2) FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate right, top and left views of a preferred embodiment of the firearm of the present invention, wherein the preferred embodiment is an AR-15 rifle;

(3) FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the components of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

(4) FIGS. 4a and 4b are left side and right side views of a preferred ammunition magazine and a preferred control group of the present invention applied to a lower receiver of a firearm;

(5) FIGS. 5, 5a, 5b and 5c are cross-sectional views of a preferred ammunition magazine and a preferred control group of the present invention applied to a lower receiver of a firearm along section lines A-A, B-B and C-C;

(6) FIG. 6 is a partial section view of a preferred ammunition magazine of the present invention;

(7) FIGS. 7a and 7b are right side and left side views of a preferred ammunition magazine of the present invention;

(8) FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c are elevation views of a preferred ammunition magazine of the present invention while loaded with varying amounts of ammunition;

(9) FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the components of a preferred ammunition magazine of the present invention;

(10) FIG. 10 is a view of the individual components of a preferred control group of the present invention;

(11) FIG. 11 is a plan view of a preferred charging handle of the present invention applied to the upper receiver of a firearm;

(12) FIGS. 12a and 12b are top views of a preferred charging handle of the present invention in fully closed and fully open positions, respectively;

(13) FIGS. 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d are partially sectioned top views of the preferred charging handle of the present invention from the fully closed to fully open positions;

(14) FIG. 14 is a view of the individual components of a preferred charging handle of the present invention;

(15) FIG. 15 is a partial section view of a preferred firearm of the present invention showing the bolt carrier held in the rearward position by the raised bolt catch;

(16) FIGS. 16a, 16b and 16c are section views of the preferred magazine release mechanism, and specifically, FIG. 16a shows the magazine release activated from the left side of the firearm, FIG. 16b shows the magazine release in its un-activated state, and FIG. 16c shows the magazine release activated from the right side of the firearm;

(17) FIGS. 17a and 17b are section views of the bottom door of the preferred magazine, and specifically, FIG. 17a shows the bottom door in the installed and locked state, and FIG. 17b shows the bottom door unlocked and fully folded; and

(18) FIGS. 18a and 18b illustrate the follower and the magazine catch, including their interface features.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

(19) A preferred embodiment of the firearm 10 of the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 5 and can be compared to the prior art AR-15 rifle shown in FIG. 1. Firearm 10 has a forward end 12 and a rearward end 14. The firearm 10 also has a left side 16 and a right side 18. The forward end 12 includes the barrel 20 from which a projectile, such as a bullet, is launched towards a target. The length and diameter of the barrel 20 varies widely depending on the type of firearm. The rearward end 14 includes a handle 22 onto which a user grips the firearm 10. A trigger 24 is present forward of the handle 22 and is squeezed rearwards by the user when the user desires to fire a bullet.

(20) A lower receiver 26 is present between the barrel 20 and trigger 24, wherein the lower receiver 26 is the point of attachment for an ammunition magazine 28. FIGS. 6 to 9 illustrate a preferred embodiment of the ammunition magazine 28 of the present invention. The magazine 28 includes a container body 30 for storing ammunition cartridges 32. The bottom end 34 of the magazine 28 is defined by a bottom door 36. The top end 38 of the magazine 28 is open and attaches to the lower receiver 26. A side wall 40 extends from the bottom end 34 to the top end 38 and has a forward side 42, a rearward side 44, a left side 46 and a right side 48. The magazine 28 of the present invention is configured to interface with a standard lower receiver 26.

(21) Retention flanges 50 preferably extend upwardly and inwardly from the upper parts of the side wall 40, preferably from one or both of the left side 46 and right side 48. The retention flanges 50 provide increased structural support in the container body 30, which makes ejection of the ammunition magazine 28 easier by preventing lateral bulges under load. The flanges 50 also provide retention of the cartridges 32 in the container body 30 such that only the top cartridge 32 can be stripped from the magazine 28 at one time. This prevents double feeding jams that are common in many standard ammunition magazines. The upper portion of the magazine 28 which includes the retention flanges 50 is preferably a separate component so that it can be made from a different material than the lower portion of the magazine 28.

(22) Preferably, a channel 52 extends generally vertically along the side wall 40 on the same side as the magazine catch interface feature, either on the left side 46 or the right side 48. Depressed sections 54 are present in the side wall 40 adjacent the channel 52.

(23) A follower 56 resides inside the container body 30 of the magazine 28. The follower 56 has a platform 58 upon which ammunition cartridges 32 can rest. A skirt 60 extends generally perpendicularly and downwardly from the platform 58. The skirt 60 is preferably continuous but may be split into separate sections. A follower spring 62 is provided between the follower 56 and the bottom door 36. When the magazine 28 has ammunition cartridges 32 loaded into it, the ammunition cartridges 32 push the follower 56 downwards towards the bottom end 34 and the spring 62 is compressed. In the preferred embodiment, the cartridges 32 are stored in a column, with one above the other. As the top cartridge 32 is stripped from the magazine 28, the spring 62 pushes the follower 56, as well as the lower cartridges 32 resting on top of the follower 56, upwards towards the open top end 38 of the magazine 28. The next cartridge 32 is thus positioned against the retention flanges 50 and can be stripped from the magazine 28.

(24) The platform 58 of the follower 56 preferably has inwardly and upwardly curving shoulders 64. When the follower 56 is pushed upwards by the spring 62, the inwardly curving shoulders 64 pass in between and above the retention flanges 50.

(25) A protrusion 66 extends outwardly from the skirt 60. As the follower 56 moves up and down the container body 30, the protrusion 66 moves up and down the channel 52 in the side wall 40. Depressions 68 are preferably formed in the skirt 60 on either side of the protrusion 66 and help to reduce friction of the movement of the follower 56 and allow dirt and debris to pass through.

(26) In one preferred embodiment, the protrusion 66 is a separate part from the follower 56. The protrusion 66 preferably has an angled ramp 67 on its upper surface. Preferably, the protrusion 66 can move up and down relative to the skirt 60 of the follower 56. A spring 69 is present to bias the movement of the protrusion 66 upwards relative to the skirt 60 of the follower 56.

(27) As shown in FIG. 5c, the rear side of the follower 56 preferably provides a flexible structure 70 for retention of the follower spring 62, such that the spring 62 can be installed and removed without the use of any tools.

(28) Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 17a and 17b, the bottom door 36 of the magazine 28 comprises a front half section 302, a rear half section 304 and a hinge 306 located between the front half section 302 and the rear half section 304. The hinge 306 has a folding axis oriented substantially perpendicular to the left side 16 and the right side 18 of the firearm 10.

(29) The bottom door 36 has tabs 308, 310 extending from each half section 302, 304. These tabs 308, 310 are configured to interface with cavities in the container body 30 of the magazine 28 when the front half section 302 and the rear half section 304 extend parallel to each other. The bottom door 36 preferably further comprises a sliding lock 312 which disables the hinge 306 when the front half section 302 and the rear half section 304 extend parallel to each other. The sliding lock 312 comprises a lock slide button 314, a spring 316 and a lock sleeve 318. In one preferred embodiment, the front half section 302 and the rear half section 304 interface with a lower end of the follower spring 62 for retaining the follower spring 62 in place.

(30) A control group of the firearm of the present invention will now be described with respect to a preferred embodiment as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, 10, 15 and 16. The control group comprises a magazine release mechanism, a bolt catch engage mechanism and a bolt catch release mechanism.

(31) The top end 38 of the magazine 28 fits into a standard lower receiver 26 and is secured by a magazine release catch 72. The present invention preferably provides a magazine release mechanism, whereby when the ammunition cartridges 32 in the magazine 28 are spent, the magazine release mechanism operates to release the magazine release catch 72 and the empty magazine 28 is ejected from the lower receiver 26. The individual components of the preferred magazine release mechanism are shown in FIG. 10. A magazine release post 76 is a post with a proximal end 78 and a distal end 80. A protrusion 82 extends from the proximal end of the post. The magazine release catch 72 also has a proximal end 84 and a distal end 86. A cavity 88 is formed at the proximal end 84 of the magazine release catch 72. A notch 90 and an associated ledge 92 are formed between the proximal end 84 and the distal end 86 of the magazine release catch 72. The proximal end 78 of the magazine release post 76 fits into the cavity 88 at the proximal end 84 of the magazine release catch 72 so that the two components extend approximately perpendicular to each other. The magazine release post 76 and the magazine release catch 72 can pivot with respect to each other in only one direction, from being perpendicular to each other to an angle that is obtuse to each other. The pivoting action takes place around the central axis of the magazine release post 76. The magazine release mechanism can be activated either automatically when the magazine 28 is empty or manually by the user. When activated automatically (or manually from the left side), the magazine release mechanism acts as a class 2 lever with the fulcrum being located at the contact point between the magazine release catch 72 and the lower receiver 26.

(32) Preferably, the lower surface of the magazine release catch 72 comprises an angled surface 73 which corresponds and interacts with the angled ramp 67 of the protrusion 66 on the follower 56.

(33) A stack lever 94 allows manual control of the magazine release as well as automatic bolt catch engagement when no magazine is present and is shown in FIG. 10. The stack lever 94 has a proximal end 96 and a distal end 98. A pivot point 100 is located between the proximal end 96 and the distal end 98 of the stack lever 94. At the proximal end 96 of the stack lever 94, there is a first protrusion 102 extending therefrom and a hook 104 at the end of the first protrusion 102. The first protrusion 102 is configured to extend through the notch 90 of the magazine release catch 72 and rest on the depressed section 54 of the magazine 28. The hook 104 is configured to engage the ledge 92 of the magazine release catch 72. A second protrusion 106 is located between the proximal end 96 and the pivot point 100 of the stack lever 94 and extends generally upwardly. When activated, the stack lever 94 acts as a class 1 lever with the fulcrum being around its pivot point 100.

(34) The stack lever 94 is mounted to the firearm 10 via a stack lever mount 108 which is shown in FIG. 10. The stack lever mount 108 has a proximal end 110 and a distal end 112. A first mounting hole 114 is formed adjacent to the proximal end 110, while a second mounting hole 116 is formed adjacent to the distal end 112. The first mounting hole 114 and second mounting hole 116 are arranged to match the standard pivots of the trigger group of a standard lower receiver. The stack lever mount 108 also has a pivot point 118 which aligns with the pivot point 100 of the stack lever 94. A spring 120 is trapped between the stack lever 94 and the stack lever mount 108 to bias the stack lever 94 to pivot inwards relative to the stack lever mount 108 at the pivot points 100, 118. A fence 122 is preferably located at the distal end 112 of the stack lever mount 108 and protects against accidental actuation of the stack lever 94. A walled cavity 124 is formed adjacent the distal end 112 and surrounds the second mounting hole 116.

(35) In addition to working in conjunction with the magazine release mechanism, the stack lever 94 also works in conjunction with the bolt catch 126, which is shown in FIG. 10. The bolt catch 126 comprises a face 128 which, when the bolt catch 126 is engaged, is in a position to physically block the bolt carrier 130 from travelling forward. A first protrusion 132 of the bolt catch 126 interacts with the second protrusion 106 of the stack lever 94. A second protrusion 134 of the bolt catch 126 is provided and allows the user to manually control the bolt catch 126. Specifically, when the user applies force to the second protrusion 134, such as through a button or pad, the bolt catch 126 is engaged and blocks the forward motion of the bolt carrier 130. The bolt catch 126 also comprises a cavity 136 adjacent the second protrusion 134, wherein the cavity 136 is configured to receive a link rod.

(36) A rocker lever 138 is provided on the side of the firearm 10 opposite to the stack lever 94. For example, if the stack lever 94 is on the left side 16, then the rocker lever 138 is on the right side 18. Conversely, if the stack lever 94 is on the right side 18, then the rocker lever 138 is on the left side 16. As shown in FIG. 10, the rocker lever 138 has a proximal end 140 and a distal end 142. The rocker lever 138 has a first cavity 141 formed therein configured to receive the barrel nut 190. The rocker lever 138 also has a second cavity 144 formed therein which is configured to receive the enlarged head 194 of the second link rod 182. The rocker lever 138 comprises a first access point 146 at the proximal end 140 and a second access point 148 at the distal end 142 which allows the user to manually control components in the firearm 10, such as through buttons or pads.

(37) The rocker lever 138 pivots on and is mounted to the firearm 10 by a rocker lever mount 150. As shown in FIG. 10, the rocker lever mount 150 has a proximal end 152 and a distal end 154. A first mounting hole 156 is formed adjacent to the proximal end 152, while a second mounting hole 158 is formed adjacent to the distal end 154. The first mounting hole 156 and second mounting hole 158 are arranged to match the standard pivots of the trigger group of a standard lower receiver, and also align with the first mounting hole 114 and the second mounting hole 116 of the stack lever mount 108, respectively. An alignment support surface 160 extends between the first mounting hole 156 and the second mounting hole 158 of the rocker lever mount 150 and assists the rocker lever 138 in maintaining parallel orientation. An elongated pivot point 162 is formed between the proximal end 152 and the distal end 154 of the rocker lever mount 150. The elongated pivot point 162 provides room and flexibility for the rocker lever 138 to shift slightly to maintain proper alignment.

(38) The components on the left side 16 and the right side 18 of the firearm 10 are joined by a first pivot sleeve 164 and a second pivot sleeve 166 which pass through transversely through the lower receiver 26, replacing the standard pivots of the trigger group. The first pivot sleeve 164 extends through and is held in position by the first mounting hole 114 of the stack lever mount 108 and the first mounting hole 156 of the rocker lever mount 150. The second pivot sleeve 166 extends through and is held in position by the second mounting hole 116 of the stack lever mount 108 and the second mounting hole 158 of the rocker lever mount 150. Each of the first pivot sleeve 164 and the second pivot sleeve 166 has a first end 168, 170 which fits through one of the mounting holes 114, 116 of the stack lever mount 108 and a second end 172, 174 which attaches to one of the mounting holes 156, 158 of the rocker lever mount 150. The first end 168, 170 of each pivot sleeve 164, 166 preferably has an enlarged head 176, 178 and may preferably have a surface configured to interface with a tool, such as a screwdriver, for easy installation. The second end 172, 174 of each pivot sleeve 164, 166 is configured, such as being threaded, such that it can be easily fastened to one of the mounting holes 156, 158 of the rocker lever mount 150. In a preferred embodiment, the mounting holes 156, 158 of the rocker lever mount 150 may have corresponding threads to those at the second end 172, 174 of each pivot sleeve 164, 166. Each of the first pivot sleeve 164 and the second pivot sleeve 166 have hollow passages extending therethrough for receiving link rods. The pivot sleeves 164, 166 provide pivot surfaces for the trigger group components.

(39) A first link rod 180 is present in the passage extending through the first pivot sleeve 164. A second link rod 182 is present in the passage extending through the second pivot sleeve 166.

(40) At its proximal end 184, the first link rod 180 has an enlarged head 186 which resides in the cavity 136 adjacent the second protrusion 134 in the bolt catch 126. The enlarged head 186 of the first link rod 180 may preferably include a surface which interacts with a tool, such as a screwdriver, for easy installation. The distal end 188 of the first link rod 180 may preferably be threaded so that it can be secured to a barrel nut 190. The barrel nut 190 fastens the distal end 188 of the first link rod 180 to the rocker lever 138. The barrel nut 190 pivots inside a cavity 141 at the proximal end 140 of the rocker lever 138.

(41) At its proximal end 192, the second link rod 182 has an enlarged head 194 which resides in the cavity 144 of the rocker lever 138. The enlarged head 194 of the second link rod 182 may preferably include a surface which interacts with a tool, such as a screwdriver, for easy installation. The distal end 196 of the second link rod 182 may preferably be threaded so that it can be secured to an actuator such as a button or pad. The button or pad fits inside the walled cavity 124 formed in the stack lever mount 108. When the user exerts a force on the button or pad, the bolt catch 126 is released and no longer blocks the path of the bolt carrier 130.

(42) Referring to FIGS. 11 to 14, the firearm 10 of the present invention preferably comprises a charging handle 200 which is secured to the upper receiver 198 of the firearm 10 and engages the bolt carrier 130. The charging handle 200 comprises a shaft 201 that extends from a front end 202 to a rear end 204. The front end 202 has a bolt hook 216 which grasps a portion of the bolt carrier 130.

(43) The charging handle 200 has a left grip wing 206 and a right grip wing 208 adjacent the rear end 204. When not in use, as in FIG. 12a, the left grip wing 206 and the right grip wing 208 are folded inwards and do not protrude out to the left or right of the firearm 10. The left grip wing 206 has a hook feature 207 which engages into a pocket in a standard upper receiver 198 when the left grip wing 206 is folded inwards. In this position, the charging handle 200 does not obstruct the user's view and also is not susceptible to getting caught or damaged on other objects such as the user's clothing.

(44) A rear face 210 is provided at the rear end 204. Pushing on the rear face 210 causes the left grip wing 206 and the right grip wing 208 to extend out to the left and right, respectively, as shown in FIG. 12b. When extended, the grip wings 206, 208 can be used to grasp the charging handle 200 and pull rearwards. Each grip wing 206, 208 is sufficiently long so that a user can grab it with two or three fingers. The user can pull on just one or both of the grip wings 206, 208 and therefore, can pull using either their left hand or right hand, or both, and can pull on either the left side 16 or right side 18, or both, of the firearm 10. Pulling rearwards on the charging handle 200 causes the bolt carrier 130 to retract.

(45) The grip wings 206, 208 have inner surfaces 212, 214 which are concave in shape. This allows combustion gases from firing a round to be directed forwards and away from the user's face when the wings 206, 208 are folded inwards.

(46) The concave first inner surface 212 of the first grip wing 206 and the concave second inner surface 214 of the second grip wing 208 provide a path for combustion gases to travel in a direction substantially towards the forward end 12 of the firearm 10. This applies when the first grip wing 206 and the second grip wing 208 are folded parallel to the left side 16 and the right side 18 of the firearm 10.

(47) The present invention is designed such that an empty ammunition magazine 28 is automatically ejected from the firearm 10 upon the last cartridge 32 being chambered, and before the last cartridge has been fired. The automatic ejection of the ammunition magazine 28 can save the user critical time that would otherwise need to be spent manually ejecting the empty magazine 28. Furthermore, while loading a new magazine 28, the user is protected by still having a single round chambered and ready to fire. In this way, the user does not necessarily need to re-acquire the target.

(48) Automatic ejection of a spent magazine 28 preferably operates as follows. When the bolt carrier 130 strips the last cartridge 32 from the magazine 28 and places it into the firing chamber, the follower 56 has risen to the top end 38 of the magazine 28. The inwardly curving shoulders 64 of the follower 56 pass in between and above the retention flanges 50 at the top end 38. The protrusion 66 on the follower 56 travels upwards and makes contact with the magazine release catch 72. The magazine release catch 72 pivots as a class 2 lever about the central axis of the magazine release post 76. The follower 56 continues to travel upwards until it contacts the underside of the bolt carrier 130, pushing the magazine 28 out. No longer secured by the magazine release catch 72, the spent magazine 28 is ejected from the lower receiver 26 of the firearm. Once depressed section 54 of the magazine is no longer present for the first protrusion 102 of the stack lever 94 to rest on, the stack lever 94 is spring biased to pivot so that first protrusion 102 moves inward towards the midline of the firearm 10. The second protrusion 106 of the stack lever 94 is in contact with the first protrusion 132 of the bolt catch 126. When the stack lever 94 pivots, it moves the bolt catch 126 to an engaged position where the face 128 of the bolt catch retains the bolt carrier 130 in the rearward position and prevents it from moving forward. This allows the user to quickly and easily insert a loaded ammunition magazine 28 into the lower receiver 26 to replace the ejected spent magazine 28.

(49) In one preferred embodiment as shown in FIGS. 18a and 18b, the angled ramp 67 of the protrusion 66 on the follower 56 makes contact with the angled surface 73 on the lower surface of the magazine release catch 72 during the magazine ejection process. The protrusion 66 can therefore effectively wedge the magazine release catch 72 to move it out of the way and pivot. As shown in FIG. 8b, the protrusion 66 makes contact as the follower 56 continues to travel upwards due to the bias of the follower spring 62. As shown in FIG. 8c, the follower 56 is allowed to move upwards to contact the underside of the bolt carrier 130 for ejection of the magazine 28, while the spring-loaded protrusion 66 stops moving upwards relative to the follower 56 and a part of the protrusion 66 extends below the follower 56. In this manner, while the protrusion 66 fully blocks the magazine catch port, it does not impede the further upward movement of the follower 56 making ejection of the magazine 28 more efficient. The protrusion 66 blocking the magazine catch port is what prevents accidental insertion of an empty magazine and prevents false confidence in an unloaded firearm.

(50) The firearm 10 of the present invention also provides for manual ejection of the ammunition magazine 28 on both the left side 16 and right side 18, as shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b. As is standard in many firearms, a button or pad 502 is provided on the right side 18 of the firearm 10. When a user pushes this button or pad 502, such as with a force substantially perpendicular to the right side of the firearm, the magazine release catch 72 translates along the central axis of the magazine release post 76 and no longer secures the magazine 28. The magazine 28 is ejected from the lower receiver 26.

(51) In addition, another button or pad 504 is provided on the left side of the firearm 10. When a user pushes this button or pad 504, such as with a force substantially perpendicular to the left side of the firearm, the stack lever 94 pivots such that the first protrusion 102 and hook 104 interact with the notch 90 and ledge 92 of the magazine release catch 72, respectively. The magazine release catch 72 pivots about the central axis of the magazine release post 76 and no longer secures the magazine 28. The magazine 28 is ejected from the lower receiver 26. Therefore, both sides of the firearm are accessible to the user when he or she wishes to manually eject a magazine 28.

(52) The firearm 10 of the present invention also provides for manual engagement of the bolt catch 126 on both the left side 16 and the right side 18. On the left side 16 of the preferred embodiment, a button or pad 506 is provided on the second protrusion 134 on the bolt catch 126. By pressing this button or pad 506, such as with a force substantially perpendicular to the left side of the firearm, a user causes the bolt catch 126 to move into a position whereby its face 128 blocks the bolt carrier 130 from travelling forward.

(53) On the right side 18 of the preferred embodiment, a button or pad 508 is provided on the second access point 148 at the distal end 142 of the rocker lever 138. By pressing button or pad 508, such as with a force substantially perpendicular to the right side of the firearm, the rocker lever 138 pivots on the rocker lever mount and exerts a force on the distal end 188 of the first link rod 180 by means of the barrel nut 190. This force is imparted to the left side 16 through the first link rod 180, directly to the cavity 136 adjacent to the second protrusion 134 of the bolt catch 126. This moves the bolt catch 126 into the engaged position with the face 128 retaining the bolt carrier 130 in the rearward position.

(54) The present invention also provides for the manual release of the bolt catch 126 from either the left side 16 or the right side 18 of the firearm 10. On the left side 16 of the preferred embodiment, as is standard for many firearms, a button or pad 510 is provided on the bolt catch 126 adjacent the face 128. When a user presses on the button or pad 510, such as with a force substantially perpendicular to the left side of the firearm, the bolt catch 126 is released from the engaged position and no longer blocks the bolt carrier 130 from travelling forward.

(55) Another button or pad 512 is provided on the left side 16 of the preferred embodiment. This button or pad 512 fits inside the walled cavity 124 formed in the stack lever mount 108, and when a user presses the button or pad 512, such as with a force substantially perpendicular to the left side of the firearm, a force is exerted on the distal end 196 of the second link rod 182. The force is imparted through the link rods 180, 182 and the rocker lever 138 directly to the cavity 136 adjacent to the second protrusion 134 of the bolt catch 126, which causes the bolt catch 126 to be released and no longer block the path of the bolt carrier 130.

(56) Another button or pad 514 is provided on the right side 18 of the preferred embodiment. This button or pad 514 is provided on the first access point 146 at the proximal end 140 of the rocker lever 138. When a user presses button or pad 514, such as with a force substantially perpendicular to the right side of the firearm, a force is exerted on the barrel nut 190 which fastens the distal end 188 of the first link rod 180. The force is imparted through the first link rod 180 directly to the cavity 136 adjacent to the second protrusion 134 of the bolt catch 126, the bolt catch 126 is moved out of the engaged position and allows the bolt carrier 130 to move forward and strip a cartridge 32 from the ammunition magazine and carry the cartridge 32 into the firing chamber.

(57) The present invention also preferably provides a charging handle 200 for manually pulling the bolt carrier 130 rearwards. When not in use, a spring in the charging handle 200 biases the grip wings 206, 208 to remain in the inward folded state. The left grip wing 206 has a hook which engages a pocket on the standard upper receiver 198 keeping the handle stowed. The left grip wing 206 and right grip wing 208 are folded inwards and extend generally forwards.

(58) When the user pushes on the rear face 210, the grip wings 206, 208 pivot and extend outwards, with the left grip wing 206 extending generally perpendicular to the left of the firearm 10 and the right grip wing 208 extending generally perpendicular to the right of the firearm 10. The user can use either hand, or both hands, to pull on either the left grip wing 206 or the right grip wing 208, or both. Pulling on either of the grip wings 206, 208 moves the charging handle 200 rearwards. Since the bolt hook 216 of the charging handle 200 engages the bolt carrier 130, this causes the bolt carrier 130 to retract as well. Once the firearm 10 is charged and the user returns the charging handle 200 to the forward position, the grip wings 206, 208 are urged back to the folded inward position by the spring in the charging handle 200 causing the hook 207 in the left grip wing 206 to engage the pocket in the upper receiver 198.

(59) The preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawings shows the ammunition magazine 28, the control group and the charging handle 200 applied to an AR-15 rifle. However, it is understood that the present invention, including all of these components, can be applied to a wide variety of firearms. For example, they can be applied to replicas of AR-15 rifles, M16 rifles, replicas of M16 rifles, M4 rifles, replicas of M4 rifles and many others.

(60) The scope of the claims should not be limited by the preferred embodiments set forth in the examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole.