HEAVY GOODS VEHICLE TIRE EQUIPPED WITH A RADIOFREQUENCY COMMUNICATION MODULE

Abstract

A heavy goods vehicle tire has a radial carcass reinforcement, made up of a single layer of metal reinforcing elements anchored in each of the beads by a turn-up around a bead wire. The turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer and the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer are coupled, and a passive radiofrequency communication module is placed facing the coupling region at the interface between two layers of rubber compounds.

Claims

1.-20. (canceled)

21. A tire intended to be mounted on a drop-center rim, the tire comprising a radial carcass reinforcement, made up of a single carcass reinforcement layer formed of reinforcing elements inserted between two skim layers of rubber compound, the tire comprising a crown reinforcement, itself radially capped by a tread, the tread being connected to two beads by two sidewalls, the layer of reinforcing elements of the carcass reinforcement being anchored in each of the beads by being turned up around a bead wire to form a main part of the carcass reinforcement layer, extending from one bead wire to the other, and a turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer in each of the beads, the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer being separated from the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer by a first layer of rubber compound extending radially from the bead wire to beyond an end of the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer, and the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer being, axially toward an outside, in contact with a second layer of rubber compound, itself at least in contact with a third layer of rubber compound that forms an exterior surface of the tire in the region of the bead, the third layer of rubber compound being configured to come into contact with the rim, the third layer of rubber compound being, radially toward the outside, in contact with a fourth layer of rubber compound that forms an exterior surface of the sidewall, wherein, in a meridian section of the tire, the distance between the end of the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer and a radially innermost point of a circle circumscribed on the bead wire is between 45 and 90% of the distance between an axially outermost point of the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer and the radially innermost point of the circle circumscribed on the bead wire, wherein, in a meridian section of the tire, the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer and the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer are the only layers of reinforcing elements of which an elongation at break is less than 6% that are present in a sidewall region making up at least 90% of the region comprised between the end of the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer and a radially outermost point of the bead wire, and wherein, in a meridian section of the tire, the radiofrequency communication module is positioned in the bead at the interface between the second and third layer of rubber compound and radially on the outside relative at a distance greater than 25 mm from the radially outermost point of the bead wire.

22. The tire according to claim 21, wherein the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer and the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer are coupled radially toward the outside starting from a point C on the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer, which point is situated at a distance between 30 and 55% of the distance between the end of the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer and the radially innermost point of the circle circumscribed on the bead wire, and wherein the radiofrequency communication module is positioned radially on the outside beyond the point C.

23. The tire according to claim 22, wherein, radially toward the outside, starting from the point C of the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer, the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer and the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer are coupled along a length of between 15 and 65% of the distance between the end of the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer and the radially innermost point of the circle circumscribed on the bead wire, and are then decoupled by the first layer of rubber compound as far as the end of the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer, and wherein the radiofrequency communication module is placed radially facing the region of coupling between the turn-up and the main part of the carcass reinforcement.

24. The tire according to claim 23, wherein the decoupling length is between 5 and 40% of the distance between the end of the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer and the radially innermost point of the circle circumscribed on the bead wire.

25. The tire according to claim 21, wherein the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer and the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer are coupled along a length of between 25 and 40% of the distance between the end of the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer and the radially innermost point of the circle circumscribed on the bead wire.

26. The tire according to claim 22, wherein, in the coupling region, a thickness of the first layer of rubber compound is substantially constant and between 0.8 and 5 mm.

27. The tire according to claim 21, wherein a radially inner end of the second layer of rubber compound is radially comprised between the radially outermost point of the circle circumscribed on the bead wire and the radially innermost point of the circle circumscribed on the bead wire.

28. The tire according to claim 21, wherein a tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation of the skim layers of the carcass reinforcement layer is between 4 and 16 MPa.

29. The tire according to claim 21, wherein a tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation of the first layer of rubber compound is less than or equal to a tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation of the skim rubber of the carcass reinforcement layer.

30. The tire according to claim 21, wherein a tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation of the first layer of rubber compound is greater than 50% of a tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation of the skim rubber of the carcass reinforcement layer.

31. The tire according to claim 21, wherein a tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation of the second layer of rubber compound is less than 150% of a tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation of the skim rubber of the carcass reinforcement layer.

32. The tire according to claim 21, wherein the radiofrequency communication module consists of a radiofrequency transponder encapsulated in an electrically insulating encapsulating rubber mass.

33. The tire according to claim 32, wherein the radiofrequency transponder is sandwiched between two sheets of rubber.

34. The tire according to claim 32, wherein an elastic modulus of the electrically insulating encapsulating rubber mass is lower than or equal to an elastic modulus of adjacent rubber compounds.

35. The tire according to claim 32, wherein a relative dielectric constant of the electrically insulating encapsulating rubber mass is lower than a relative dielectric constant of adjacent rubber compounds.

36. The tire according to claim 32, wherein the radiofrequency transponder further comprises a helical radiating antenna which defines a first longitudinal axis, and the first longitudinal axis is oriented circumferentially.

37. The tire according to claim 36, wherein, with the helical radiating antenna comprising two helical antenna segments, an electronic chip is galvanically connected to the two helical antenna segments.

38. The tire according to claim 37, wherein the radiofrequency transponder additionally comprises a primary antenna electrically connected to the electronic chip, wherein the primary antenna is inductively coupled to the helical radiating antenna, and wherein the helical radiating antenna is a dipole antenna consisting of a single-strand helical spring defining the first longitudinal axis.

39. The tire according to claim 38, wherein the primary antenna is a coil having at least one turn defining a second longitudinal axis that is circumscribed in a cylinder the axis of revolution of which is parallel to the second longitudinal axis and the diameter of which is between one third and three times an average diameter of the helical spring of the helical radiating antenna.

40. The tire according to claim 38, wherein the primary antenna is placed inside the single-strand helical spring of the helical radiating antenna.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0073] The various subjects of the invention will be better understood by means of the following detailed description and the attached drawings, in which the same reference numbers are used throughout to reference parts which are identical, and in which:

[0074] FIG. 1 depicts a meridian view of a diagram of a tyre according to one embodiment of the invention;

[0075] FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic depiction of the bead region of the tyre of FIG. 1;

[0076] FIG. 3 depicts a typical radiofrequency transponder;

[0077] FIG. 4 is a schematic exploded view of a communication module;

[0078] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a radiofrequency transponder according to one embodiment of the invention in a configuration in which the electronic portion is located inside the radiating antenna;

[0079] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a radiofrequency transponder according to the invention in a configuration in which the electronic portion is located outside of the radiating antenna; and

[0080] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the electronic portion of a radiofrequency transponder in a configuration in which the electronic portion is located inside the radiating antenna.

[0081] In order to make them easier to understand, the figures are not shown to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0082] In what follows, the terms rubber compound, rubber and compound are used interchangeably to identify rubber constituents of a tyre.

[0083] Cords are said to be inextensible when said cords exhibit, under a tensile force equal to 10% of the breaking force, a relative elongation at most equal to 0.2%.

[0084] Cords are said to be elastic when said cords exhibit, under a tensile force equal to the breaking load, a relative elongation at least equal to 3% with a maximum tangent modulus of less than 150 GPa.

[0085] Circumferential reinforcing elements are reinforcing elements that make with the circumferential direction angles in the range +2.5, 2.5 around 0.

[0086] The circumferential direction of the tyre, or longitudinal direction, is the direction that corresponds to the periphery of the tyre and is defined by the direction in which the tyre runs.

[0087] The transverse or axial direction of the tyre is parallel to the axis of rotation of the tyre.

[0088] The radial direction is a direction intersecting the axis of rotation of the tyre and perpendicular thereto.

[0089] The axis of rotation of the tyre is the axis about which it turns in normal use.

[0090] A radial or meridian plane is a plane which contains the axis of rotation of the tyre.

[0091] The circumferential median plane, or equatorial plane, is a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tyre and divides the tyre into two halves.

[0092] For metal threads or cords, force at break (maximum load in N), breaking strength (in MPa), elongation at break (total elongation in %) and modulus (in GPa) are measured under tension in accordance with standard ISO 6892, 1984.

[0093] For rubber compositions, modulus measurements are taken under tension according to standard AFNOR-NFT-46002 of September 1988: the nominal secant modulus (or apparent stress, in MPa) at 10% elongation (normal temperature and relative humidity conditions according to standard AFNOR-NFT-40101 of December 1979) is measured in second elongation (i.e. after an accommodation cycle).

[0094] FIG. 1 depicts only a half-view of a tyre which extends symmetrically relative to the circumferential median plane, or equatorial plane, of a tyre.

[0095] In FIG. 1, the tyre 1 is of size 12 R 22.5. The tyre 1 comprises a radial carcass reinforcement 2 anchored in two beads 3. The carcass reinforcement 2 is hooped at the crown of the tyre by a crown reinforcement 5, itself capped by a tread 6.

[0096] The carcass reinforcement 2, formed by a single layer of metal cords, is wound, in each of the beads 3, around a bead wire 4 and forms, in each of the beads 3, a turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer 7 having an end 8.

[0097] The carcass reinforcement 2 consists of reinforcing elements between two skim layers of which the tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation is equal to 9.8 MPa.

[0098] The reinforcing elements of the carcass reinforcement 2 are 19.18 cords, of which the elongation at break is equal to 2.5%.

[0099] The cords of the carcass reinforcement of the tyre 1 are non-wrapped layered metal cords of 1+6+12 structure, consisting of a central nucleus formed of one thread, of an intermediate layer formed of six threads and of an outer layer formed of twelve threads.

[0100] FIG. 1 illustrates the tyre mounted on its nominal rim J; the axially outermost point E of the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer 2 is thus determined with the tyre inflated to its nominal pressure, for example by tomography.

[0101] FIG. 2 illustrates, as an enlargement, a schematic cross-sectional depiction of a bead 3 of the tyre in which a part of the carcass reinforcement layer 2 is wound around a bead wire 4 in order to form a turn-up 7 having an end 8.

[0102] This FIG. 2 indicates the circle T circumscribed on the bead wire 4 and reveals the radially innermost point A of said circle T. This point A is defined in a radial cross section of the tyre, the spacing of the beads of which is the same as when the tyre is fitted on the mounting rim recommended by the ETRTO, said tyre not being fitted on a rim.

[0103] The radially outermost point B of the circle T is also determined.

[0104] The distance d.sub.E between the point E and the point A is equal to 128 mm.

[0105] The distance d.sub.R between the point 8 and the point A is equal to 90 mm.

[0106] The ratio of the distance d.sub.R to the distance d.sub.E is equal to 70% and is thus between 45 and 90%.

[0107] The radial distance d.sub.CJ between the axially outermost point E of the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer and the radially outermost point of the nominal rim is equal to 108.2 mm.

[0108] The radial distance d.sub.SJ between the axially outer end of the layer of reinforcing elements of the axially widest crown reinforcement and the radially outermost point of the nominal rim is equal to 206.7 mm.

[0109] The ratio of the distance d.sub.CJ to the distance d.sub.SJ is equal to 52.3% and is thus less than 53%.

[0110] The turn-up 7 of the carcass reinforcement layer is coupled to the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer 2 starting from the point C, such that the distance dc between the point C and the point A is equal to 37 mm.

[0111] The ratio of the distance dc to the distance d.sub.R is equal to 41% and is thus between 30 and 55%.

[0112] The turn-up 7 of the carcass reinforcement layer is then decoupled from the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer 2 starting at the point D, such that the distance d.sub.D between the point D and the point A is equal to 66 mm and such that the length of coupling between the point C and the point D is equal to 29 mm and is thus between 25 and 40% of the distance d.sub.R. The coupling length is measured along the straight line passing through the points C and D.

[0113] The thickness of coupling between the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer 2 and the turn-up 7 of the carcass reinforcement layer, measured in the direction normal to the reinforcing elements of the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer 2 between the respective reinforcing elements of the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer and of the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer 2, is substantially constant and equal to 2.9 mm.

[0114] The decoupling length between the point D and the point 8 is equal to 21 mm and is thus between 15 and 35% of the distance d.sub.R. The decoupling length is measured along the straight line passing through the points D and 8.

[0115] The turn-up 7 of the carcass reinforcement layer 2 is separated from the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer 2 by a first layer of rubber compound 9 having a radially outer end 10 at a distance d.sub.10 from the point A equal to 117 mm. The first layer of rubber compound 9 has a tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation equal to 7.8 MPa and thus less than the tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation of the skim layers of the carcass reinforcement 2.

[0116] The first layer of rubber compound 9 is profiled in order to bear against the bead wire 4 and ensure the coupling and decoupling between the turn-up of the carcass reinforcement layer 7 and the main part of the carcass reinforcement layer 2.

[0117] Shown axially on the outside of the turn-up 7 of the carcass reinforcement layer is the second layer of rubber compound 11, the radially outer end 12 of which is radially on the inside of the end 8 of the turn-up 7 of the carcass reinforcement layer. According to another embodiment which has not been depicted, the radially outer end of the second layer of rubber compound is radially on the outside of the end 8 of the turn-up 7 of the carcass reinforcement layer.

[0118] The radially inner end 13 of the second layer of rubber compound 11 is radially comprised between the points A and B, which are the radially innermost and radially outermost points, respectively, of the circle circumscribed on the bead wire.

[0119] The second layer of rubber compound 11 has a tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation equal to 12.5 MPa and thus greater than the tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation of the skim layers of the carcass reinforcement 2.

[0120] In contact with the second layer of rubber compound 11 and radially under the bead wire, there is the third layer of polymer compound 14, the axially outermost end 15 of which is radially on the inside of the end 12 of the second layer of rubber compound 11.

[0121] The third layer of rubber compound 14 has a tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation equal to 7.1 MPa.

[0122] Axially in contact with the first layer of rubber compound 9, with the second layer of rubber compound 11, and with the third layer of rubber compound 14, there is the fourth layer of rubber compound 16. The radially inner end 17 of the fourth layer of rubber compound 16 is radially on the inside of the end 15 of the third layer of rubber compound 14.

[0123] The fourth layer of rubber compound 16 has a tensile elastic modulus at 10% elongation equal to 3.1 MPa.

[0124] In regions situated on either side of the end 8 of the turn-up 7 of the carcass reinforcement layer, the profile of the fourth layer of rubber compound 16 is such that said fourth layer of rubber compound 16 has a thickness, measured in the direction normal to the reinforcing elements of the carcass reinforcement 2 at the end 8 of the turn-up 7, that is substantially constant and equal to 3.3 mm, along two radial lengths of around 5 mm from each of the two points situated on either side of the end 8 at distances from said end 8 equal to 2.5 mm, corresponding to more than 2.5 times the diameter of the carcass reinforcement cords, said diameter being 0.9 mm.

[0125] The bead 3 also comprises a radiofrequency communication module 20 arranged axially at the interface between the second layer 11 and the third layer 14 of rubber compounds. This communication module 20 is positioned radially on the outside relative to the point B of the bead wire, at a distance greater than 25 mm. Further, in the example of FIG. 2, facing the region of coupling between the main part 2 of the carcass reinforcement and the turn-up 7 of this carcass reinforcement, namely between the two points C and D in FIG. 2. The communication module 20 is preferably placed substantially in the middle of this coupling region, between C and D.

[0126] This position affords the radiofrequency transponder of the communication module good mechanical protection and the Applicant Company has found experimentally that this position permits good communication robustness with an external reader. As indicated implicitly in FIG. 2, the communication module is placed in the tyre in such a way that its radiofrequency antenna of the dipole type is positioned circumferentially. Thus, the radiofrequency antenna is perpendicular to the reinforcing elements of the radial-type carcass reinforcing layer. Thus, despite the fact that the reinforcing elements may be metallic, the relative perpendicularity of the orientation of the radiofrequency antenna with respect to the metallic reinforcing elements only minimally disrupts the radiofrequency operation of the antenna.

[0127] FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a communication module 20. This module 20 comprises a radiofrequency transponder 30 embedded between two layers 22a and 22b of a non-vulcanized electrically insulating rubber compound. The thickness of each layer is of the order of 1 mm, the length of the order of 50 to 70 mm and its width of the order of 10 to 20 mm. Such a communication module is a semi-finished product that can be incorporated into the structure of the tyre 1 during the manufacture of the latter.

[0128] The chosen position at which to site the communication module 20 is particularly favourable. The non-vulcanized semi-finished product is laid on the surface of the second layer of rubber compound 11 during the building of the tyre before the laying of a complex combining the third and fourth layers of rubber compound.

[0129] The rubber compound 22 for encapsulating the radiofrequency transponder 30 contains 100 phr (parts by weight per 100 parts of rubber) of a polymer such as EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber), butyl rubber, neoprene or a diene elastomer such as SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), polybutadiene, natural rubber or polyisoprene.

[0130] The compound may contain fillers such as silica, carbon black, chalk and kaolin fillers: [0131] with a silica filler in a maximum amount of 50 phr; [0132] with a carbon black filler of ASTM grade higher than 700, in an amount lower than 50 phr; [0133] with a carbon black filler of grade lower than or equal to 500, in a maximum amount of 20 phr. [0134] It is possible to add or replace these fillers with chalk or kaolin.

[0135] Such amounts and types of fillers make it possible to guarantee a relative permittivity lower than 6.5, in particular at a frequency of 915 MHz.

[0136] The stiffness in the cured state of the encapsulating compound is preferably lower than or close to those of the adjacent rubber compounds.

[0137] In a first embodiment, the radiofrequency transponder of the communication module 20 is a conventional radiofrequency transponder, such as depicted in FIG. 3 and described in document WO 2012/030321 A1. This transponder 100 comprises an electronic chip 120 fastened to a carrier or PCB (printed circuit board) 102 and galvanically connected, via conductive tracks 104, and soldered joints 130, to two half-antennas 110 and 112. The antennas are helical springs the core of which is steel wire. The electronic portion and at least part of the antennas are embedded in an insulating rubber compound 150. The antennas define an axis of symmetry 39.

[0138] The radiofrequency transponder 30 of the communication module 20 such as shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to a second embodiment of the communication module 20 that will now be described.

[0139] The radiofrequency transponder 30 according to this second embodiment of the communication module 20 comprises an electronic portion 32 and a radiating antenna 31 able to communicate with an external radiofrequency reader. It additionally comprises (see FIG. 7) a primary antenna 34 electrically connected to the electronic chip 36 and inductively coupled to the radiating antenna 31. The radiating antenna is a dipole antenna consisting of a single-strand helical spring defining a first longitudinal axis.

[0140] FIG. 5 shows a radiofrequency transponder 30 in a configuration in which the electronic portion 32 is located in the interior of the radiating antenna 31. The geometric shape of the electronic portion 32 is circumscribed by a cylinder the diameter of which is smaller than or equal to the inside diameter of the helical spring. This makes it easier for the electronic portion 32 to be inserted into the radiating antenna 31. The median plane of the primary antenna is located in the central region of the radiating antenna and substantially superposed on the median plane of the radiating antenna.

[0141] FIG. 6 shows a radiofrequency transponder 30 in a configuration in which the electronic portion 32 is located outside the radiating antenna 31. The geometric shape of the electronic portion 32 has a cylindrical cavity 38 the diameter of which is larger than or equal to the outside diameter of the radiating antenna 31. This makes it easier for the radiating antenna 31 to be inserted into the cylindrical cavity 38 of the electronic portion. The median plane of the primary antenna is located in the central region of the radiating antenna and substantially in the median plane of the radiating antenna 31.

[0142] FIG. 7 shows the electronic portion 32 of a radiofrequency transponder 30 intended for a configuration in which the electronic portion 32 is located inside the radiating antenna 31. The electronic portion 32 comprises an electronic chip 36 and a primary antenna 34 that is electrically connected to the electronic chip 36 via a printed circuit board 40. The primary antenna here consists of a surface-mount-device (SMD) microcoil. The components on the printed circuit board are electrically connected using copper tracks 37 terminated by copper pads 41. The components on the printed circuit board are electrically connected using the wire-bonding technique by gold wires 42 between the component and the pads 41. The assembly consisting of the printed circuit board 40, of the electronic chip 36 and of the primary antenna 34 is embedded in a rigid mass 43 made of electrically insulating high-temperature epoxy resin forming the electronic portion 32 of the radiofrequency transponder 30.

[0143] This radiofrequency transponder 30 has the advantage of being mechanically far stronger than the conventional transponders.