Pivot door hinge

Abstract

Pivot door hinge, including a hinge housing for mounting the pivot door hinge to a door, a pivot axle pivotally supported within the housing, the pivot axle having an end arranged for rotationally anchoring the pivot axle to a structure holding the door, a closing mechanism arranged within the hinge housing, the closing mechanism being cooperatively connected to the pivot axle, the closing mechanism being arranged for providing a closing torque in an angular position range of the door hinge relative to the pivot axle, the angular position range corresponding with a door in an open state. The pivot door hinge further includes a braking mechanism arranged within the hinge housing, cooperatively connected to the pivot axle, the braking mechanism being arranged for providing braking action in the angular position range of the door hinge relative to the pivot axle with a braking-angle profile.

Claims

1. A pivot door hinge, comprising: a hinge housing for mounting the pivot door hinge to a door; a pivot axle pivotally supported within the housing, the pivot axle (106a) having an end arranged for rotationally anchoring the pivot axle to a structure holding the door; a closing mechanism arranged within the hinge housing, the closing mechanism being cooperatively connected to the pivot axle, the closing mechanism being arranged for providing a closing torque to the pivot axle, according to an angular position-torque profile; wherein the closing mechanism comprises: a closing cam connected to the pivot axle arranged in a first buffer chamber of the hinge housing, wherein the closing cam has a closing cam profile corresponding to the angular position-torque profile; and a closing cam follower element, the closing cam follower element being arranged to contact the closing cam for exerting the closing torque on the pivot axle via the closing cam; a first displacement device connected to the closing cam follower element wherein the first displacement device is arranged within a first pressure chamber of the hinge housing; a first spring element arranged within the first pressure chamber of the hinge housing, for exerting a first spring force on the first displacement device; wherein the first displacement device is arranged to move a hydraulic fluid between the first pressure chamber and the first buffer chamber; a braking mechanism arranged within the hinge housing, cooperatively connected to the pivot axle, the braking mechanism being arranged for providing a braking torque for controlling at least one of a closing movement and an opening movement of the door, wherein the braking mechanism comprises: a braking cam connected to the pivot axle arranged in a second buffer chamber of the hinge housing, wherein the braking cam has a braking cam profile, wherein the braking cam profile is different from the closing cam profile; and a braking cam follower element arranged to contact the braking cam for exerting the additional braking torque on the pivot axle via the braking cam; a second displacement device connected to the braking cam follower element wherein the second displacement device is arranged within a second pressure chamber of the hinge housing; a second spring element arranged within the second pressure chamber of the hinge housing, for exerting a second spring force on the second displacement device; a braking mechanism hydraulic circuit, operatively arranged between the second buffer chamber and the second pressure chamber; wherein the second displacement device is arranged to move a hydraulic fluid between the second pressure chamber and the second buffer chamber via at least one of a hydraulic resistance and a braking mechanism one-way valve of the braking mechanism hydraulic circuit; and wherein the braking cam has a braking profile comprising a first protrusion configured to be in contact with the braking cam follower element at an angle corresponding to an open-door position; wherein the braking mechanism one-way valve is arranged to allow a hydraulic fluid to flow through the braking mechanism one-way valve from the second buffer chamber to the second pressure chamber when in use the second displacement device moves towards the pivot axle; and wherein the braking mechanism one-way valve is further arranged to block the hydraulic fluid, when in use the second displacement device moves away from the pivot axle to allow the hydraulic fluid to flow from the second pressure chamber to the second buffer chamber via the hydraulic resistance.

2. The pivot door hinge according to claim 1, wherein the closing mechanism comprises a closing mechanism hydraulic circuit, operatively arranged between the first buffer chamber and the first pressure chamber arranged for damping a closing movement of the door.

3. The pivot door hinge according to claim 2, wherein the first closing mechanism hydraulic circuit comprises: a first fluid channel between the first pressure chamber and the first buffer chamber; and a closing mechanism one-way valve arranged within the first fluid channel; a second fluid channel between the first pressure chamber and the first buffer chamber, arranged in parallel to the first fluid channel; and a first fluid resistance arranged within the second fluid channel; wherein the first fluid channel and the closing mechanism one-way valve are arranged through the first displacement device.

4. The pivot door hinge according to claim 3, wherein the closing cam has a radius which substantially increases with increasing angular positions; and the closing mechanism one-way valve is arranged to allow a hydraulic fluid to flow from the first pressure chamber to the first buffer chamber when in use the first displacement device moves away from the pivot axle and wherein the first closing mechanism one-way valve is arranged to block the hydraulic fluid flow when in use the first displacement device moves towards the pivot axle.

5. The pivot door hinge according to claim 4, wherein the braking mechanism hydraulic circuit further comprises a third fluid channel between the second pressure chamber and the second buffer chamber; a fourth fluid channel, arranged in parallel to the third fluid channel; and a second fluid resistance arranged within the fourth fluid channel; wherein the third fluid channel and the braking mechanism one-way valve are arranged through the second displacement device.

6. The pivot door hinge according to claim 5, wherein the braking mechanism hydraulic circuit further comprises a fifth fluid channel parallel to the third fluid channel and the fourth fluid channel, the fifth fluid channel comprising a relief valve.

7. The pivot door hinge according to claim 2, wherein the braking cam has a braking profile comprising a second protrusion configured to be in contact with the braking cam follower element at an angular position corresponding to a closed-door position (=0) and an indentation at an angular position (=1) in between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

8. The pivot door hinge according to claim 7, wherein the closing mechanism hydraulic circuit comprises: a first fluid channel between the first pressure chamber and the first buffer chamber; and a closing mechanism one-way valve arranged within the first fluid channel; a second fluid channel between the first pressure chamber and the first buffer chamber, arranged in parallel to the first fluid channel; and a first fluid resistance arranged within the second fluid channel; wherein the first fluid channel and the closing mechanism one-way valve are arranged through the first displacement device.

9. The pivot door hinge according to claim 8, wherein the closing cam has a radius which substantially increases with increasing angular positions; and the closing mechanism one-way valve is arranged to allow a hydraulic fluid to flow from the first pressure chamber to the first buffer chamber when in use the first displacement device moves away from the pivot axle and wherein the first closing mechanism one-way valve is arranged to block the hydraulic fluid flow when in use the first displacement device moves towards the pivot axle.

10. The pivot door hinge according to claim 9, wherein the braking mechanism hydraulic circuit further comprises a third fluid channel between the second pressure chamber and the second buffer chamber; a fourth fluid channel, arranged in parallel to the third fluid channel; and a second fluid resistance arranged within the fourth fluid channel; wherein the third fluid channel and the braking mechanism one-way valve are arranged through the second displacement device.

11. The pivot door hinge according to claim 10, wherein the braking mechanism hydraulic circuit further comprises a fifth fluid channel parallel to the third fluid channel and the fourth fluid channel, the fifth fluid channel comprising a relief valve.

12. The pivot door hinge according to claim 11, wherein the closed door position corresponds to a cam angle in a range of 20 to +20 degrees relative to a center line of the braking mechanism.

13. The pivot door hinge according to claim 12, wherein the open-door position corresponds to an opening angle in a range of plus or minus 70-110 degrees relative to a center line of the braking mechanism.

14. The pivot door hinge according to claim 13, wherein the braking mechanism and the closing mechanism are arranged in the hinge housing on a same lateral side of the pivot axle.

15. The pivot door hinge according to claim 1, wherein the braking cam has a braking profile comprising a second protrusion configured to be in contact with the braking cam follower element at an angular position corresponding to a closed-door position (=0) and an indentation at an angular position (=1) in between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

16. The pivot door hinge according to claim 15, wherein the closed door position corresponds to a cam angle in a range of 20 to +20 degrees relative to a center line of the braking mechanism.

17. The pivot door hinge according to claim 1, wherein the open-door position corresponds to an opening angle in a range of plus or minus 70-110 degrees relative to a center line of the braking mechanism.

18. The pivot door hinge according to claim 1, wherein the braking mechanism and the closing mechanism are arranged in the hinge housing on a same lateral side of the pivot axle.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be elucidated according the following drawings.

(2) FIG. 1 shows a door in a door frame having a door hinge according to an embodiment of the invention.

(3) FIG. 2 shows a closing torque vs angular position diagram of the pivot door hinge according to an embodiment of the invention.

(4) FIG. 3 shows a braking vs angular position diagram of the pivot door hinge according to an embodiment of the invention.

(5) FIG. 4 shows a cut-away view of the pivot door hinge according to an embodiment of the invention.

(6) FIGS. 5a, 5b show cam element and cam follower positions for various angular positions of the closing mechanism of the pivot door hinge according to an embodiment of the invention.

(7) FIGS. 6a-6c show cam element and cam follower positions for various angular positions of the braking mechanism of the pivot door hinge according to an embodiment of the invention.

(8) FIG. 7 shows a schematic hydraulic diagram of the pivot door hinge according to an embodiment of the invention.

(9) FIG. 8 shows a closing mechanism and braking mechanism having valves of the pivot door hinge according to an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

(10) Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be further elucidated according the following detailed description. Throughout the application, where the wording angle or angular position is used, an absolute angle is intended, except where indicated otherwise.

(11) FIG. 1 shows a door system 100 comprising a door leaf 101 which is hingeably mounted in a door frame 104 using a pivot door hinge 102 and a top hinge 103 using pivot axles 106a,106b respectively. The axle 106a is fixedly mounted to a corresponding holder on the ground 105 or threshold or sill as the pivot axle 106b is fixedly mounted to the top 107 of the door frame 104.

(12) The top 107 can be a lintel for example. The door leaf 101 can swing around the rotation axles 106a,106b is a single direction or preferably in both directions to and in FIG. 2 a torque versus angle diagram is shown of a pivot door hinge, wherein the torque is the torque exerted by the hinge mechanism relative to a rotation access of the pivot door hinge and the angle is the angle of the rotation access relative to the pivot door hinge.

(13) FIG. 2 shows a desired torque versus angular position diagram for angle in a range from 110 to +110. From the diagram it is clear that a high torque is required in angle positions around 0, in order to provide a door wherein the pivot door hinge is mounted a stable position at this angle. For angles higher than 0 it is clear that the torque exerted on the rotation axle decreases with increasing angle.

(14) From FIG. 2 it is also clear that even for angles higher than 90 a closing torque is to be exerted on the pivot door hinge allowing the door wherein the pivot door hinge is mounted to return to its closed position. The torque-angular position diagram in FIG. 2 is point symmetrical, i.e. for angles smaller then 0, a similar torque can be exerted on the rotation axle by the pivot door hinge. The skilled person will recognize that also asymmetrical torque-angle diagrams may apply.

(15) In FIG. 3, a diagram is shown showing desired braking resistance of the pivot door hinge in various angle zones A1, A2, D1, D2. The zones A1, A2 indicate braking action while closing the door moving from position 101b to position 101a and moving from position 101c to positions 101a. The zone A1 usually corresponds to all open positions, for example from over 90 to 0. Thus, braking is to be provided over the entire range of open door positions while closing. The zone A2 indicates a zone having an optionally lower braking resistance than zone A1. This allows a door to assume its closed position more easily.

(16) Furthermore, braking is to be provided in the zone indicated with D1 while opening the door. In zone D2 braking is provided additional to zone A1 while closing the door.

(17) FIG. 4 shows a cut away view of the pivot door hinge which is usually mounted at the lower part of the door. The pivot door hinge 102 comprises a housing 401, a closing mechanism 402 which comprises a closing spring 403, a displacement device for the closing mechanism 402 in the form of closing plunger 404, a closing cam 406 with camp follower 405. The pivot door hinge 102 further comprises a braking mechanism 407, which comprises a braking spring 408, another displacement device for the braking mechanism 407 in the form of a braking plunger 409, a braking cam 411 and corresponding cam wheel 410 acting as a cam follower connected to the braking plunger 409. The cam 406 for the closing mechanism 402 and the braking cam 411 for the braking mechanism 407 are mounted at mutually exchangeable positions of the rotation axle 106a. The closing mechanism 402 and braking mechanism 407 are mounted in respective cavities forming pressure chambers 412, 413 for the respective closing mechanism 402 and braking mechanism 407 within the pivot door hinge housing 401. The pivot axle 106a is accommodated in buffer chambers 414a, 414b, corresponding to the closing cam 406 and the braking cam 411 respectively. Where the pressure chambers 412, 413 for the closing mechanism 402 and braking mechanism 407 respectively are fluidly separated, the buffer chambers 414a, 414b for the pivot axle 106a and the respective closing cam 406 and braking cam 411 may be fluidly interconnected. These buffer chambers 414a, 414b are designed to hold a hydraulic fluid which is displaced by the respective plungers 404, 409 of the closing mechanism 402 and braking mechanism 407.

(18) FIGS. 5a, 5b show a closing mechanism 402 at different angles of the closing cam 406 relative to a center line 502 of the closing mechanism 402. The closing mechanism 402 comprises the closing spring 403, the plunger 404 accommodated in the closing mechanism pressure chamber 412 of the housing 401, the closing cam 406 being mounted on the pivot axle 106a.

(19) In FIG. 5a corresponding to a closed-door position, the cam follower 405, which is shown as a cam wheel, rests against an indentation of a heart shaped closing cam 406. In the upper section of the closing cam 406, cam wheel 405 contacts the cam 406 at tangent 501a. As the closing spring 403 exerts a force F.sub.spring a to the closing cam 406, a force F.sub.a is exerted in a direction perpendicular to the tangent 501a, at an arm with length A.sub.a, a torque T.sub.a is exerted on the cam 406. Since the cam wheel 405 also contacts the closing cam 406 at a point symmetrical of the center line 502 the total torque exerted however on the closing cam 406 is reduced to 0.

(20) Slight changes in the cam angular position relative to the cam wheel 405 will result in a steep increase in the exerted torque T.sub.a of the pivot axle 106a. This corresponds to the high peek in the torque-angle diagram of FIG. 2 for angular positions a around 0.

(21) In FIG. 5b, the cam wheel 405 touches the closing cam 406 at tangent 501b. The closing cam 406 has rotated with an angle of 1 relative to the centerline 502. The distance between the center of the closing cam 406 and the center of the cam wheel 405 has increased which gives rise to an increased force F.sub.spring b of closing spring 403 to the plunger 404. The force F.sub.b exerted by the cam wheel 405 to the closing cam 406 at arm length A.sub.b results in a torque T.sub.b exerted on the cam 406 and subsequently on the pivot axle 106b.

(22) The angle 1 in FIG. 5b corresponds to an angle of closing cam center line 503 in an exemplary range between 45 and 110 as shown in FIG. 2. In this range the torque T.sub.b exerted on the closing cam 406 and subsequently the pivot axle 106a is less than the torque T.sub.a exerted in the lower angle regions between 0 and 45.

(23) FIGS. 6a-6c show the braking mechanism 407 for different angles of the pivot axle 106a and corresponding angles of the braking cam 411. The distance D between cam wheel 410 center point to the rotation point of the braking cam 411 will vary depending on the rotation angle relative to braking cam center line 605. This distance D determines the position of braking plunger 409 within pressure chamber 413. The braking plunger 409 displaces hydraulic liquid within the pressure chamber 413 to the cam buffer chamber 414b of FIG. 4. The flow of this hydraulic fluid and resistance provided in the path of the hydraulic fluid provides braking torque of the braking mechanism 407. The braking cam 411 is shown FIGS. 6a-6c symmetrically built relative to braking cam center line 605 to have the same profile for corresponding angles >0 and angles <0, however the braking cam 411 may also be asymmetrical to have a different profile for angles >0 and angles <0. The braking cam 411 has a protrusion 601 arranged to push cam wheel 410 away from the pivot axle center (indicated as a black dot within the braking cam 411 at low angles corresponding to a closed-door position.

(24) The braking cam 411 has another protrusion 603 arranged to push cam wheel 410 away from the pivot axle center at angles corresponding to an open-door position.

(25) In FIG. 6a, the cam wheel 410 touches the braking cam 411 at protrusion 601. The shown position corresponds with closed door position at =0. Distance D=d1 which corresponds to a maximum value in this position. When departing from this position with increasing angular positions in small ranges relative to angle =0, the distance D will decrease and become less than d1. Vice versa, with decreasing angular positions in small ranges relative to angle =0, the distance D will increase and approach the maximum value d1.

(26) In FIG. 6b, the braking mechanism 407 is shown corresponding to a door open position at =1, wherein the cam wheel 410 touches the braking cam 411 at indentation 602. Distance D=d2 is at a minimum value in this position, (i.e. d2<d1). With an increasing angle deviating from the shown position corresponding to range D1 of FIG. 3, the cam wheel 410 center point will increase the distance D from the rotation point of the braking cam 411 to enable additional braking torque on top of the braking of the closing mechanism 402. Moreover, with a decreasing angle deviating from the shown position corresponding to range D2 of FIG. 3, the cam wheel 410 center point will also increase its distance D from the rotation point of the braking cam 411 to enable additional braking action on top of the braking of the closing mechanism 402.

(27) In FIG. 6c, the cam wheel 410 touches the braking cam 411 at protrusion 603. The shown position corresponds with open door position at =90. Distance D=d3 which corresponds to another braking resistance value in this position, (i.e. d3>d2). As can be seen in FIG. 6c, the protrusion 603 may have an angular offset relative to the open-door position =90. So when the pivot axle 106a and braking cam 411 are in the open-door position, protrusion 603 may be positioned at angle relative to center line 604.

(28) When departing from this position, while closing the door the distance D will decrease and become less than d3, going to D=d2 as shown in FIG. 6b. In an opposite direction, further opening the door from beyond the position shown in FIG. 6c, after passing the protrusion 603 with cam wheel 410, the distance D remains constant.

(29) The braking spring 408 of the braking mechanism 407 may have a spring constant which is sufficient to keep the cam wheel 410 in touch with the braking cam 411. The closing spring 403 however must be dimensioned with a spring constant sufficiently high enough to provide closing torque when de door is in an open position.

(30) The ratio between braking constant and closing constant can be 1 to at least 5. Preferably the ratio can be 1 to at least 15, more preferably the ratio can be 1 to at least 25.

(31) FIG. 7 shows an optional hydraulic circuit 713 for the closing mechanism 402 and a hydraulic circuit 708 for the braking mechanism 407. In FIG. 7, the closing cam 406 of the closing mechanism 402 and braking cam 411 of the braking mechanism 407 respectively are shown in top view respectively and being schematically interconnected by pivot axle 106a with a dashed double line. Normally the cams 406, 411 are attached to the pivot axle 106a in a spaced manner.

(32) The plunger 404 is actuated by the cam wheel 405 and closing cam 406 in accordance with FIGS. 6a-6c. The circuit 713 further comprises one-way valve 701 which is arranged in a hydraulic fluid channel 702 through the plunger 404. Parallel to the hydraulic fluid channel 702 a path comprising channels 717, 716 is arranged within the housing 401 which comprises a variable hydraulic resistance 705. Furthermore, the circuit comprises a bypass 707 and hydraulic resistance 706 included in series in hydraulic fluid channel 715-722.

(33) When cam wheel 405 pushes the closing cam 406 against closing spring 403 while opening the door, hydraulic fluid in the pressure chamber 412 is pushed by the plunger 404 through the one-way valve 701. This way easy opening of the door with relatively low resistance is achieved. When on the other hand cam wheel 405 is pushed away from the closing cam 406 while closing the door, the one-way valve 701 closes and hydraulic fluid in the buffer chamber 414a is pushed by the plunger 404 through the channel 716 and hydraulic resistance 705 and hydraulic fluid channel 717 to pressure chamber 412. This way braking torque is achieved for the closing motion of the door. For small opening angles near 0, the bypass 707 may direct the hydraulic fluid through hydraulic fluid channel 722 and hydraulic resistance 706 to hydraulic fluid channel 715, thereby creating a lower resistance and corresponding lower braking torque for these angles. This allows the door to move from an open position to a completely closed position. Braking torque is proportional to the angular door speed and proportional to the fluid resistance value of hydraulic resistance 706.

(34) The hydraulic circuit 708 for the braking mechanism 407 comprises the pressure chamber 413 in which the braking plunger 409 and braking spring 408 are arranged. The buffer chamber 414b is the buffer chamber for the hydraulic fluid of the hydraulic circuit 708 for the braking mechanism 407. As discussed, the braking plunger 409 is actuated by the cam wheel 410 and braking cam 411. The hydraulic circuit 708 comprises one-way valve 703 which is arranged in a hydraulic fluid channel 704 through the braking plunger 409. Parallel to the hydraulic fluid channel 704 a hydraulic fluid channel 720 is arranged within the housing 401 which comprises a variable hydraulic resistance 710. Furthermore, the hydraulic circuit 708 comprises a path comprising hydraulic fluid channels 714, 718 having a pressure relief valve 721. For pressures above a threshold value, for example 30 Bar, the pressure relief valve 721 will open to prevent damage to the hydraulic circuit 708 and the mechanical components, i.e. the pressure chamber 413.

(35) When the door is closed in angular range D2 of FIG. 3, corresponding to the braking cam 411 angular position decreasing from indentation 602 to protrusion 601, braking cam 411 pushes cam wheel 410 and braking plunger 409 against the braking spring 408. The distance between the braking cam center point and cam wheel 410 center point increases and thereby the braking plunger 409 causes the hydraulic fluid in the pressure chamber 413 to be pushed in hydraulic fluid channel 704 and the one-way valve 703 to be closed. The hydraulic fluid subsequently passes through hydraulic fluid channel 720, 711 to the buffer chamber 414b via hydraulic resistance 710.

(36) In the reverse direction while opening the door in this zone D2, the one-way valve 703 is opened and the hydraulic fluid flows through one-way valve 703 with relatively low resistance or braking torque.

(37) When the door is opened further however corresponding to angular positions in zone D1 in FIG. 3, with increasing angular position relative to position of indentation 602 towards protrusion 603 in FIG. 6c, the cam wheel 410 is again pushed away from the braking cam 411 center point, the braking plunger 409 causes the hydraulic fluid in the pressure chamber 413 to be pushed in hydraulic fluid channel 704 and the one-way valve 703 to be closed, and the hydraulic fluid subsequently passes through hydraulic fluid channel 720, 711 to the buffer chamber 414b via hydraulic resistance 710, thereby causing braking action.

(38) In the reverse direction while closing the door in this zone D1 of FIG. 3, the one-way valve 703 is opened and the hydraulic fluid flows through one-way valve 703 with relatively low resistance or braking torque.

(39) The door having the door hinge 102 is thus protected against uncontrolled swinging open through its open position at or around 90.

(40) FIG. 8 shows across section view of the closing mechanism 402 and braking mechanism 407. The one-way valve 701 of the closing mechanism is shown arranged within the closing plunger 404, having its blocking opening facing the closing cam 406 which is arranged in buffer chamber 414a, and it's through opening facing hydraulic fluid channel 702. The one-way valve 701 and hydraulic fluid channel 702 may alternatively be arranged in the housing 401.

(41) The bypass 707 of the closing mechanism hydraulic circuit 713 may be formed as a slit in the closing plunger 404.

(42) The one-way valve 703 of the braking mechanism 407 is shown arranged within the braking plunger 409, having its blocking side facing the braking cam 411 which is arranged in buffer chamber 414b, and it's through opening facing hydraulic fluid channel 704. The one-way valve 703 and hydraulic fluid channel 704 may alternatively also be arranged within the housing 401.

(43) The embodiments as described are provided by way of example only. Modifications and deviations are possible without deviating from the scope as defined by the claims set out below.

(44) Throughout this application, the wording fluid channel may involve one or more fluid channel segments arranged in series optionally including a fluid resistance or valve. Moreover a fluid channel or channel segment may be a duct or a hidden channel bored or cast into the hinge housing.

(45) Furthermore, where the wording plunger is used, also the wording piston can be used. Pistons and plungers can be categorized as positive displacement devices.

(46) It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples discussed in the foregoing but that several amendments and modifications thereof are possible without deviating from the scope of the present invention as defined by the attached claims. In particular, combinations of specific features of various aspects of the invention may be made. An aspect of the invention may be further advantageously enhanced by adding a feature that was described in relation to another aspect of the invention. While the present invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the figures and the description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary only, and not restrictive.

(47) The present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by a person skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the figures, the description and the attached claims. In the claims, the word comprising does not exclude other steps or elements, and the indefinite article a or an does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference numerals in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

REFERENCE NUMERALS

(48) TABLE-US-00001 Cam angle relative to center line 100 Door system 101 Door leaf 101a Door leaf @ = 0 101b Door leaf @ = 90 101c Door leaf @ = 90 102 Pivot door hinge 103 Top hinge 104 Door frame 105 Ground 106a, 106b Pivot axle 107 Door frame top 401 Housing 402 Closing mechanism 403 Closing spring 404 Closing plunger 405 Cam wheel 406 Closing cam 407 Braking mechanism 408 Braking spring 409 Braking plunger 410 Cam wheel 411 Braking cam 412,413 Pressure chamber 414a, 414b Buffer chamber 501a, 501b Tangent 502 Closing mechanism center line 503 Rotated closing cam center line 601, 603 Protrusion 602 Indentation 604 Braking mechanism center line 605 Braking cam center line 713 Hydraulic circuit for the closing mechanism 708 Hydraulic circuit for the braking mechanism 701, 703 One-way valve 702, 704, 711, Hydraulic fluid channel 714-720, 722 705, 706, 710 Variable hydraulic resistance 707 Bypass 721 Pressure relief valve