Abstract
A detection device for detecting contamination of an optical element. The detection device includes a coupling device, including a first coupling element for coupling light of at least one wavelength from a light source into the optical element, and a second coupling element for coupling light out from the optical element, at least one of the coupling elements including a hologram, and having a detector for acquiring the coupled-out light.
Claims
1-12. (canceled)
13. A detection device for detection of contamination of an optical element, comprising: a coupling device including a first coupling element configured to couple light of at least one wavelength from a light source into the optical element, and a second coupling element configured to couple light out from the optical element, at least one of the first and second coupling elements including a hologram; and a detector configured to acquire the coupled-out light.
14. The detection device as recited in claim 13, wherein the hologram is a volume hologram.
15. The detection device as recited in claim 13, wherein the hologram is configured in deflecting fashion and at least partly in focusing fashion.
16. The detection device as recited in claim 13, wherein the hologram is a transmission grating or a reflection grating.
17. The detection device as recited in claim 13, wherein at least one of the first and second coupling elements is a holographic film.
18. The detection device as recited in claim 13, wherein at least one of the first and second coupling elements is at least partly in the optical element.
19. The detection device as recited in claim 13, wherein the detector is configured to detect an attenuation of a light from a light source that is totally internally reflected in the optical element.
20. A sensor device for detection of objects using light of at least one wavelength, comprising: an object light source configured to emit light of at least one wavelength into an object space; an object detector configured to receive light reflected by an object; an optical element configured as a covering of the sensor device; and a detection device including: a coupling device including a first coupling element configured to couple light of at least one wavelength from a light source into the optical element, and a second coupling element configured to couple light out from the optical element, at least one of the first and second coupling elements including a hologram; and a detector configured to acquire the coupled-out light; wherein the coupling device and the covering of the sensor device are configured to work together for the coupling in and out of light.
21. The sensor device as recited in claim 20, wherein the light from the object light source is capable of being coupled in by the first coupling element.
22. The sensor device as recited in claim 20, wherein the object light source of the sensor device has a useful field of view region and a side field of view region, and the first coupling element of the coupling device or coupling light in is situated in the side field of view region.
23. A method for producing a coupling device, comprising the following steps: providing a first coupling element configured to couple light into an optical element; providing a second coupling element configured to couple light out from the optical element; wherein at least one of the first and second coupling elements is provided by printing or a recording of a hologram on a bearer material.
24. The method as recited in claim 23, wherein the at least one coupling element is laminated onto the optical element.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] FIG. 1 shows a conventional lidar sensor.
[0032] FIG. 2 shows a detection device in a lidar sensor according to a specific example embodiment of the present invention.
[0033] FIG. 3a shows a part of a detection device and an optical element without contamination according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[0034] FIG. 3b shows a part of a detection device and an optical element with contamination according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[0035] FIG. 4 shows a part of a sensor device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS
[0036] FIG. 1 shows a conventional lidar sensor.
[0037] FIG. 1 shows a rotating lidar sensor 1. Rotating lidar sensor 1 is surrounded by a protective glass 4. Inside protective glass 4, which in particular is made stationary, is situated a light source 2 in the form of a laser that emits, via a transmission optical system 3, a light beam 10 having a slight divergence in the horizontal. In addition, a detector 20 is provided before which a receiving optical system 30 is situated in order to receive light of laser 2 reflected by an object. Laser 2, transmitting optical system 3, receiving optical system 30, and detector 20 are capable of rotation together in the clockwise direction about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the drawing (reference character 9). Protective glass 4 is used for protection, for example against dirt and water, and for encapsulation. If dirt or water deposits on protective glass 4, the optical path of emitted light beam 10 and of the received beam (not shown here) is disturbed, and lidar sensor 1 does not operate correctly, or there are losses of resolution and range.
[0038] FIG. 2 shows a detection device in a lidar sensor according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[0039] FIG. 2 shows a lidar sensor 1 according to FIG. 1. Differing from lidar sensor 1 according to FIG. 1, in the lidar sensor 1 according to FIG. 2 a coupling device 5, 5a, having a coupling element in the form of a holographic optical element 6 and a coupling-out element in the form of a holographic optical element 7, is situated in the region of emitted light beam 10. Both are situated on the inside of protective glass 4. It is also possible to situate coupling-in element 6 and/or coupling-out element 7 in protective glass 4, i.e., in the protective glass composite. Coupling device 5, 5a may here (in the view of FIG. 2) cover only a partial area of emitted light beam 2 (reference character 5), or may completely cover it (reference character 5a). In FIG. 2, light beam 10 is emitted essentially in the plane of the drawing. Due to the Gaussian beam profile of light beam 10 of laser 2, and due to a corresponding transmitting optical system 3, light beam 10 also has a vertical component perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. This vertical component of light beam 10 can be used by configuring coupling device 5, 5a in such a way that light of the vertical component is decoupled into protective glass 4 via coupling device 5, 5a. The corresponding coupling-out element 7 is then preferably situated in a region on protective glass 4 that is no longer contacted by light 10 of laser 2. Coupling-in element 6 has the function of deflecting a part of the radiation of lidar sensor 1 in such a way that it runs in protective glass 4 at the angle of the total internal reflection. If coupling-in element 6 and/or the corresponding coupling-out element 7 of coupling device 5, 5a is designed as a volume hologram, the efficiency can be adapted as desired to the respective application, and a diffraction efficiency of up to 100% can be achieved.
[0040] In order to produce a multiplicity of coupling-in and/or coupling-out elements 6, 7 with holograms, a master hologram is produced having a selected deflecting function, and, if appropriate, in addition with a partly focusing function. Subsequently, this can be reproduced using the method of contact copying, in which the reference efficiency is set by the copying method. The master hologram can be printed, or recorded in an analogous fashion, and, depending on the position of the hologram on protective glass 4, i.e. of the coupling-in and/or coupling-out element 6, 7, the efficiency can be adapted in such a way that the basic function of lidar sensor 1, namely object recognition, is not limited.
[0041] FIG. 3a shows a part of a detection device and an optical element without contamination according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3b shows a part of a detection device and an optical element with contamination according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[0042] FIG. 3a shows a detection device 8 in detail. Here, a coupling-in element 6 and a coupling-out element 7 of a coupling device 5, each including at least one hologram, are situated on a protective glass 4. Light 10 from object light source 2 of lidar sensor 1 meets coupling-in element 6, and is coupled into protective glass 4 at an angle, so that it is propagated along in protective glass 4 by total internal reflection (light beam 12). At a suitable location, this light beam is coupled out from protective glass 4 via coupling-out element 7, and is provided to a detector 8 of detection device 8.
[0043] FIG. 3b shows the case in which water or dirt 11 is situated on the side of protective glass 4 facing away from detection device 8. Here, the light beam 12, coupled into the interior of protective glass 4 and transmitted by total internal reflection, is at least partly prevented by contamination 11 from being totally internally reflected. In other words, if dirt or water 11 is present on protective glass 4 of lidar sensor 1, the waveguide function of protective glass 4 is at least partly interrupted, and this results in a loss of intensity of the coupled-out light at detector 8.
[0044] Generally, the exit of the electromagnetic wave, i.e. here light beam 12, from the optically denser medium having refraction index n.sub.1 into the optically thinner medium (usually air) having refraction index n.sub.2, where n.sub.1>n.sub.2, is responsible for this effect. The part of the electromagnetic wave that is situated in the optically thin medium is also called the evanescent field.
[0045] In this way, through the attenuation of the totally internally reflected light it is possible to measure particles or films that are in contact with the surface of a material that is transparent to the light that is being used, because these particles interact with the evanescent field, and absorb parts of the field or can scatter out from the material.
[0046] FIG. 4 shows a part of a sensor device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[0047] FIG. 4 shows a part of a lidar sensor 1. The plane of the drawing of FIG. 4 here corresponds essentially to the plane perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of FIG. 2. A light source in the form of a laser 2 is protected by a protective glass 4. On the side of protective glass 4 facing laser 2, a coupling-in element 6 and a coupling-out element 7 are situated, both realized as holographic optical elements, i.e. each including a hologram. Coupling-out element 7 is situated above coupling-in element 6 in the vertical direction. At the side of coupling-out element 7, there is situated a detection device 8 including a detector 8 for detecting the light coupled out by coupling-out element 7. In addition, laser 2 and a transmission optical system 3 (not shown here) have two different regions 13 and 14. Region 14 is the so-called useful region or useful field of view region that is used for the detection of objects by lidar sensor 1. This region 14 is situated substantially centrically to the mid-axis of laser 2, or of transmitting optical system 3. Laterally, or above and below useful region 14, there is a side region or edge region 13 that is not used for the detection of objects, but is also contacted by light from laser 2 with transmitting optical system 3. This region of the transmitted radiation of laser 2 is used here for the detection of contamination. Light from side region 13 impinges on coupling-in element 6, is totally internally reflected in the interior of protective glass 4 (light beam 12 inside protective glass 4), and is coupled out via coupling-out element 7 and is supplied to detector 8 for the detection. Overall, this has the advantage that no additional light source is required for the detection of contamination. In other words: one and the same light source, namely laser 2, is used for the recognition or detection of objects and for the detection of contamination.
[0048] It is also possible to situate coupling-in element 6 for example in a central region of the useful field of view region 14 of lidar sensor 1. A coupling-in hologram 6 with low efficiency can then be provided so that the used portion of the useful light is as low as possible. Also, as shown in FIG. 4, coupling-in element 6 can also be situated at the edge of protective glass 4. Here, in particular due to a sensing optical system 3, and due to the Gaussian beam profile of light beam 10 of laser 2, the intensity decreases, and the efficiency of coupling-in hologram 6 is chosen to be higher. In other words: the useful field of view region 14 is formed not only by the Gaussian beam profile of light beam 10, but also by the corresponding transmitting optical system 3. Lidar sensor 1 can be designed such that the illumination with laser 2 with transmitting optical system 3 is designed to be somewhat larger (for example in the upper or lower region) than region 14 required for the useful field of view. Thus, laser 2 can also be used for the detection of contamination without impairing useful field of view region 14. This specific embodiment can be used both in a lidar sensor 1 having a column illumination (columns are made longer) and in a lidar sensor 1 having point illumination (a point is more illuminated).
[0049] In sum, at least one of the specific embodiments of the present invention has at least one of the following advantages: [0050] Free selection of angle of incidence and angle of reflection, and thus flexibility in the spatial configuration of the coupling-in element, coupling-out element, and detector. [0051] Flexibility with regard to the design: coupling-in element and coupling-out element can be printed and adapted individually to the corresponding device. [0052] Flexibility with regard to the realization as transmission grating or reflection grating, and with regard to the refraction efficiency. [0053] Robustness. [0054] Simple implementation, because for example a lidar system is not influenced. [0055] Flexibility with regard to the realization of the surface to be monitored on the protective glass/cover glass. [0056] Low costs, because no separate light source is necessary. [0057] High efficiency in the detection of contamination or general interference points on the protective glass by total internal reflection. [0058] The detector can be situated in a housing of the sensor device. This is advantageous in particular in rotating systems, because no additional data have to be transmitted from a rotor into a stator. [0059] Simple adaptation and integration, in particular to microscanners and macroscanners. [0060] Flexibility with regard to the size and design of the coupling elements.
[0061] Although the present invention has been described on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments, it is not limited thereto, but rather can be modified in many ways.
