Automotive member having resistance weld

Abstract

Provided is an automotive member, or particularly, a steel sheet having a tensile strength exceeding 900 MPa. The automotive member has a resistance weld for fixing two or more steel sheets containing a predetermined composition, in which a maximum hardness (HV.sub.BM) in a heat-affected zone of the resistance weld is at least 1.1 times hardness (HV.sub.W) of a nugget in the resistance weld formed in a softest steel sheet of a sheet set during resistance welding, and furthermore, an average grain size of a steel sheet structure of the heat-affected zone within 2 mm in a direction at a right angle to a sheet thickness from an end part of the nugget of the high-strength steel sheet is 3 m or less, and a minimum hardness (HV.sub.min) in the heat-affected zone is at least 90% of hardness (HV.sub.) of the high-strength steel sheet before the resistance welding.

Claims

1. An automotive member having a resistance weld for fixing two or more steel sheets including at least one high-strength steel sheet, the high-strength steel sheet including a composition containing, in mass %, C: 0.08 to 0.25%, Si: 0.01 to 2.50%, Mn: 3.89 to 8.1%, Al: 0.01 to 1.50%, N: 0.010% or less, each of one or two of Ti: 0.010 to 0.10% and Nb: 0.010 to 0.10%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein a maximum hardness (HV.sub.BM) in a heat-affected zone of the resistance weld is at least 1.1 times hardness (HV.sub.W) of a nugget in the resistance weld formed in a softest steel sheet of a sheet set during resistance welding, an average grain size of a steel sheet structure of the heat-affected zone within 2 mm in a direction at a right angle to a sheet thickness from an end part of the nugget of the high-strength steel sheet is 3 m or less, and a minimum hardness (HV.sub.min) in the heat-affected zone is at least 90% of hardness (HV.sub.) of the high-strength steel sheet before the resistance welding.

2. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 1, wherein the composition further contains, in mass %, one or more selected from the group of V: 0.05% or less, B: 0.010% or less, Cu: 0.50% or less, Ni: 0.50% or less, Cr: 0.50% or less, Mo: 0.50% or less, Ca: 0.0050% or less, and REM: 0.0050% or less.

3. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 1, wherein the high-strength steel sheet has a structure containing, in terms of an area ratio, 20 to 50% of retained austenite.

4. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 1, the high-strength steel sheet includes a coating layer formed on a surface thereof.

5. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 4, wherein the coating layer is a galvanized layer.

6. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 4, wherein the coating layer is a galvannealed layer.

7. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 2, wherein the high-strength steel sheet has a structure containing, in terms of an area ratio, 20 to 50% of retained austenite.

8. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 2, the high-strength steel sheet includes a coating layer formed on a surface thereof.

9. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 3, the high-strength steel sheet includes a coating layer formed on a surface thereof.

10. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 7, the high-strength steel sheet includes a coating layer formed on a surface thereof.

11. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 8, wherein the coating layer is a galvanized layer.

12. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 9, wherein the coating layer is a galvanized layer.

13. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 10, wherein the coating layer is a galvanized layer.

14. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 8, wherein the coating layer is a galvannealed layer.

15. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 9, wherein the coating layer is a galvannealed layer.

16. The automotive member having a resistance weld according to claim 10, wherein the coating layer is a galvannealed layer.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a spot welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of a spot welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(3) FIG. 3 is a view explaining an example of an electrode tip used in accordance with aspects of the present invention.

(4) FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view explaining a schematic configuration of a welded joint obtained by the spot welding method according to aspects of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

(5) Hereinafter, aspects of the present invention will be described in detail. Further, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

(6) First, the composition of the high-strength steel sheet according to aspects of the present invention and reasons for its limitation, will be explained. Further, % denoting the following composition refers to mass %, unless otherwise specified.

(7) C: 0.08 to 0.25%

(8) C is an element effective for increasing the strength of the steel sheet. To obtain a base material having tensile strength exceeding 900 MPa, it is necessary that C content is 0.08% or more. Preferably, the C content is 0.095% or more. More preferably, the C content is 0.11% or more. Furthermore, when the C content is less than 0.08%, the martensitic transformation start temperature is raised to promote tempering of martensite during welding. Therefore, the amount of softening of the HAZ softened part increases. On the other hand, with an excess C content, the toughness of the nugget is degraded and interface fracture occurs. Therefore, the C content is 0.25% or less. Preferably, the C content is 0.21% or less. More preferably, the C content is 0.18% or less.

(9) Si: 0.01 to 2.50%

(10) Si serves as solid solution strengthening of ferrite. Furthermore, Si also contributes to solid solution strengthening of the HAZ softened part. To obtain these effects, it is necessary that Si content is 0.01% or more. Preferably, the Si content is 0.10% or more. On the other hand, with an excess Si content, the surface characteristics (chemical conversion treatability and coating property) of the steel sheet deteriorates. Therefore, the Si content is 2.50% or less. Preferably, the Si content is 2.00% or less. More preferably, the Si content is 1.50% or less.

(11) Mn: 3.1 to 8.1%

(12) Mn is an important element in accordance with aspects of the present invention. Mn lowers the martensite transformation start temperature and prevents tempering of martensite during welding. As a result, the amount of softening of the HAZ softened part is significantly decreased. Furthermore, Mn also greatly affects the formation of retained austenite in the steel sheet structure of the base material. To obtain these effects, it is necessary that the Mn content is 3.1% or more. Preferably, the Mn content is 3.5% or more. More preferably, the Mn content is 4.0% or more. Still more preferably, the Mn content is 4.5% or more. On the other hand, excessive Mn content results in degraded coating property. Therefore, the Mn content is 8.1% or less. Preferably, the Mn content is 7.5% or less. More preferably, the Mn content is 7.0% or less. Still more preferably, the Mn content is 6.3% or less.

(13) Al: 0.01 to 2.00%

(14) Al is an element necessary for deoxidation. To obtain this effect, it is necessary that Al content is 0.01% or more. Preferably, the Al content is 0.02% or more. On the other hand, excessive Al content results in degraded coating property. Therefore, the Al content is 2.00% or less. Preferably, the Al content is 1.50% or less.

(15) N: 0.010% or less

(16) N forms coarse nitrides. It is necessary to reduce N content as the tensile strength of HAZ decreases because of voids formed due to its inclusion. When the N content exceeds 0.010%, the tendency becomes noticeable. Therefore, the N content is 0.010% or less. Preferably, the N content is 0.005% or less. Since an extremely low N leads to an increased steelmaking cost, the N content is preferably 0.0003% or more.

(17) Each of one or two of Ti and Nb: 0.005 to 0.100%

(18) Ti: 0.005 to 0.100%

(19) Ti contributes to an increase in hardness of the HAZ softened part by generating fine carbonitrides. Further, Ti prevents the growth of austenite during welding by generating carbonitrides. As a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of softening of the HAZ softened part by generating fine martensite after welding. To obtain such effect, it is necessary that Ti content is 0.005% or more. Preferably, the Ti content is 0.008% or more. More preferably, the Ti content is 0.010% or more. On the other hand, when Ti is contained in a large amount, the coating property is considerably degraded. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.100% or less. Preferably, the Ti content is 0.080% or less. More preferably, the Ti content is 0.060% or less.

(20) Nb: 0.005 to 0.100%

(21) Like Ti, Nb contributes to the reduction of the amount of softening of the HAZ softened part by generating fine carbonitrides. Therefore, Nb content is 0.005% or more. Preferably, the Nb content is 0.008% or more. More preferably, the Nb content is 0.010% or more. On the other hand, similarly to Ti, excessive Nb content degrades the coating property. Therefore, the Nb content is 0.100% or less. Preferably, the Nb content is 0.080% or less. More preferably, the Nb content is 0.060% or less.

(22) The balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities. Examples of the inevitable impurities include P, S, Sb, Sn, Zn, Co and the like, and the allowable range of these contents is P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Sb: 0.01% or less, Sn: 0.10% or less, Zn: 0.01% or less, and Co: 0.10% or less. Furthermore, according to aspects of the present invention, even with the Ta, Mg and Zr contents in total of less than 0.1%, the effect is not lost.

(23) With the essential elements described above, the steel sheet according to aspects of the present invention can attain the aimed characteristics, but in addition to the above essential elements, the following elements may be contained as necessary.

(24) One or more of V: 0.05% or less, B: 0.010% or less, Cu: 0.50% or less, Ni: 0.50% or less, Cr: 0.50% or less, Mo: 0.50% or less, Ca: 0.0050% or less, and REM: 0.0050% or less

(25) V: 0.05% or less

(26) V is an element that contributes to increased strength of HAZ by forming fine carbonitrides, and may be contained as necessary. To obtain such an effect, V content, if contained, is preferably 0.01% or more. On the other hand, an excess V exceeding 0.05% provides little effect of increasing the strength. Furthermore, it results in an increase in alloy cost. Therefore, the V content, when contained, is preferably 0.05% or less.

(27) B: 0.010% or less

(28) B is an element that contributes to an increase in strength of HAZ by improving hardenability and may be contained as necessary. To exhibit these effects, B content, when contained, is preferably 0.0003% or more. On the other hand, a B content exceeding 0.010% leads to a saturated effect. Therefore, the B content, when contained, is preferably 0.010% or less.

(29) Cu: 0.50% or less

(30) Cu is an element that contributes to an increase in strength of steel sheet by solid solution strengthening and may be contained as necessary. To exhibit these effects, the Cu content, when contained, is preferably 0.05% or more. On the other hand, a Cu content exceeding 0.50% leads to a saturated effect. Furthermore, surface defects due to Cu are likely to occur. Therefore, the Cu content, when contained, is preferably 0.50% or less.

(31) Ni: 0.50% or less

(32) Like Cu, Ni is an element that contributes to an increase in strength of steel sheet by solid solution strengthening and may be contained as necessary. To exhibit these effects, Ni content, when contained, is preferably 0.05% or more. Furthermore, when contained together with Cu, Ni provides an effect of preventing surface defects caused by Cu. Accordingly, it is effective to add Ni when Cu is contained. On the other hand, a Ni content exceeding 0.50% leads to a saturated effect. Therefore, the Ni content, when contained, is preferably 0.50% or less.

(33) Cr: 0.50% or less

(34) Cr is an element that contributes to an increase in strength of HAZ by improving hardenability and may be contained as necessary. To exhibit these effects, Cr content, when contained, is preferably 0.05% or more. On the other hand, the Cr content exceeding 0.50% results in excessive generation of martensite. Therefore, the Cr content is preferably 0.50% or less.

(35) Mo: 0.50% or less

(36) Like Cr, Mo is an element that contributes to an increase in strength of HAZ by improving hardenability and may be contained as necessary. To exhibit these effects, Mo content, when contained, is preferably 0.01% or more. On the other hand, a Mo content exceeding 0.50% leads to a saturated effect. Therefore, the Mo content, when contained, is preferably 0.50% or less.

(37) Ca: 0.0050% or less

(38) Ca is an element that causes spheroidization of the shape of sulfide and contributes to improvement of adverse influence due to segregation of weld and may be contained as necessary. To exhibit these effects, Ca content, when contained, is preferably 0.0005% or more. On the other hand, with the Ca content exceeding 0.0050%, sulfide deteriorates the bendability. Therefore, the Ca content, when contained, is preferably 0.0050% or less.

(39) REM: 0.0050% or less

(40) Like Ca, REM is an element that causes spheroidization of the shape of sulfide and contributes to improvement of adverse influence due to segregation of weld and may be contained as necessary. To exhibit these effects, REM content, when contained, is preferably 0.0005% or more. On the other hand, a REM content exceeding 0.0050% leads to a saturated effect. Therefore, the REM content, when contained, is preferably 0.0050% or less.

(41) Aspects of the present invention use a high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above as a base material. Furthermore, the steel sheet structure of the base material is not particularly limited. However, the steel sheet structure of the high-strength steel sheet in accordance with aspects of the present invention preferably contains, in terms of an area ratio, 20 to 50% of retained austenite. The reason will be described below. When using a steel sheet with tensile strength exceeding 900 MPa, press forthability becomes a problem. Therefore, it is preferable to contain retained austenite that can ensure high uniform elongation by the stress and strain induced transformation. To obtain this effect, the area ratio of retained austenite is preferably 20% or more. More preferably, the area ratio of retained austenite is 25% or more. On the other hand, the presence of excessive amount of retained austenite exceeding the area ratio of 50% sometimes results in formation of local hardened parts, which may make it difficult to ensure high elongation. Therefore, the area ratio of retained austenite is preferably 50% or less. More preferably, the area ratio of retained austenite is 45% or less. Furthermore, the area ratio refers to the area ratio regarding the entire steel sheet structure. Furthermore, the area ratio of retained austenite may be measured by the method according to Examples that will be described below.

(42) According to aspects of the present invention, the structure other than retained austenite may be martensite, bainite or the like.

(43) The area ratio of these structures is preferably 10% or less in total.

(44) Furthermore, according to aspects of the present invention, the high-strength steel sheet may be produced by a generally known method. For example, a steel slab having the composition described above is produced by a converterladle refiningcontinuous casting method. This steel slab is subjected to hot rolling under conditions of a heating temperature of 1100 to 1250 C. and a finish rolling stop temperature of 700 to 1000 C., and to coiling at a coiling temperature of 200 to 700 C., thus formed into a hot rolled steel sheet. Next, the hot rolled steel sheet obtained is subjected to pickling and then to heat treatment at 550 to 800 C. Thereafter, after subjecting to cold rolling, a cold rolled steel sheet may be obtained by performing a heat treatment at 600 to 850 C. for 10 minutes and then annealing to cool to room temperature.

(45) According to aspects of the present invention, if necessary, a coating layer may be provided on the surface of the steel sheet of the base material including the high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above. Furthermore, the coating treatment is carried out by a generally used method, for example, galvanizing treatment and electrogalvanizing treatment. For example, in particular for automobile applications, a galvanizing treatment may be applied to the surface of a steel sheet to obtain a galvanized steel sheet (hereinafter, also referred to as a GI steel sheet). Further, after galvanizing, alloyed treatment may be performed to obtain a galvannealing steel sheet (hereinafter, also referred to as GA steel sheet).

(46) Next, a resistance weld of an automotive member according to aspects of the present invention and the welding conditions for the resistance welding will be described.

(47) As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an automotive member having a resistance weld according to aspects of the present invention is a member including a resistance weld having formed a nugget 7 of a desired size by sandwiching, between a pair of upper and lower electrode tips (a lower electrode tip 5 and an upper electrode tip 6), a sheet set 4 made of overlapping two or more steel sheets including at least one high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above, and melting contact portion by applying current and pressure to the sheet set 4. Here, a sheet set including two or three overlapped steel sheets is used. Furthermore, by two or more steel sheets including at least one high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above, it means that at least one of two or more steel sheets is a high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above. Therefore, in a sheet set that includes two overlapped steel sheets, a bottom steel sheet 1 and a top steel sheet 2 may be the high-strength steel sheets having the composition described above. Furthermore, in a sheet set that includes three overlapped steel sheets, for example, only the bottom steel sheet 1, or for example, the bottom steel sheet 1 and the steel sheet 3 located between the top and bottom steel sheets may be the high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above.

(48) Next, the welding conditions for resistance welding will be described.

(49) According to aspects of the present invention, a resistance spot welding method, which is one type of overlap resistance welding method, is used. A suitably available resistance welding machine according to aspects of the present invention may be a machine that is equipped with a pair of upper and lower electrodes and capable of applying current and pressure to a portion to be welded sandwiched therebetween. Furthermore, the resistance welding machine may include a welding pressure control device and a welding current control device capable of arbitrarily controlling welding pressure and welding current during welding, respectively. Furthermore, in the resistance welding machine, a pressurizing mechanism such as an air cylinder and a servomotor, AC or DC control mechanism, a stationary type, a robot gun and the like are not particularly limited. In this example, the resistance spot welding is performed using a DC-powered resistance welding machine with a servomotor pressurizing type attached to a welding gun. As shown in FIG. 3, for the pair of electrode tips, DR type electrodes of alumina dispersed copper having a curvature radius of R40 of a tip and a tip diameter of 6 mm may be prepared.

(50) For the welding conditions according to aspects of the present invention, the welding force is set to 2.0 to 7.0 kN to obtain a healthy nugget. Preferably, the welding force is 2.5 to 6.0 kN. Furthermore, to obtain a nugget diameter that can ensure the strength, the welding time is 5 to 50 cycles (50 Hz). Preferably, the welding time is 10 to 30 cycles (50 Hz). The holding time is 0.5 to 100 cycles (50 Hz). Preferably, the holding time is 1 to 20 cycles (50 Hz). Furthermore, the welding current is adjusted in the range of 4.0 to 10.0 kA so that the nugget diameter becomes 5t or more (t is sheet thickness) to avoid the expansion of the heat affected region and the subsequent decrease in strength.

(51) For example, the resistance spot welding is performed under conditions of a welding force of 3.0 to 5.0 kN, a welding time of 15 to 25 cycles (50 Hz), and a holding time of 1 to 15 cycles (50 Hz), and the welding current is adjusted within the range of 5.0 to 7.0 kA for the nugget diameter to become 5t or more (t is sheet thickness).

(52) The resistance weld of the automotive member according to aspects of the present invention obtained by the resistance spot welding described above will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the member including the resistance weld after the resistance welding, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) 8 refers to the zone around the periphery of the nugget 7 where hardness is changed after the change of structure due to heating.

(53) According to aspects of the present invention, the maximum hardness (hereinafter, also referred to as HV.sub.BM) in the heat-affected zone 8 of the resistance weld is at least 1.1 times the hardness (hereinafter, also referred to as HV.sub.W) of a nugget formed in a softest steel sheet in a sheet set during resistance welding. When HV.sub.BM is less than 1.1 times the HV.sub.W, there occurs stress concentration on the end part of the nugget 7 in the softest steel sheet in the sheet set during resistance welding such that cracks propagate from the heat-affected zone (HAZ) 8 to cause the interface fracture. Preferably, the HV.sub.BM is 1.2 times the HV.sub.W or more. More preferably, the HV.sub.BM is 1.3 times the HV.sub.W or more. On the other hand, when the hardness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) 8 is too high, the toughness deteriorates and the cracks are generated from the heat-affected zone (HAZ) 8, resulting in the interface fracture. Therefore, the HV.sub.BM is preferably 2.0 times the HV.sub.W or less. More preferably, the HV.sub.BM is 1.8 times the HV.sub.W or less. Furthermore, each hardness (HV.sub.BM, HV.sub.W) can be measured by the method described in the Examples described below.

(54) According to aspects of the present invention, in the high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above, the average grain size (hereinafter, also referred to as grain size) of the steel sheet structure of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) 8 within 2 mm in a direction at a right angle to the sheet thickness from the end part e of the nugget 7 is 3 m or less. Furthermore, in the high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above, the end part e of the nugget 7 refers to both end parts in the nugget diameter direction of the nugget formed in the high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above in the sheet set during resistance welding. When the grain size exceeds 3 m, the martensite transformation start temperature is high, which means that tempering of martensite is promoted during resistance welding.

(55) Therefore, the amount of softening of the HAZ softened part increases. Furthermore, the coarsening of grains causes degraded toughness and facilitated cracking, resulting in the interface fracture. Preferably, the grain size is 2 m or less. On the other hand, considering that the toughness is rather degraded with the excessive increase in strength by refinement, the grain size is preferably 0.1 m or more. More preferably, the grain size is 0.2 m or more. Furthermore, the grain size can be measured by the method described in the Examples described below.

(56) According to aspects of the present invention, in the resistance weld of the high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above, the minimum hardness (HV.sub.min) in the heat-affected zone is at least 90% of the hardness of high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above before the resistance welding. Here, the ratio of the minimum hardness (HV.sub.min) of the heat-affected zone to the hardness (hereinafter, also referred to as HV.sub.) of the high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above before the resistance welding is defined as Hv ratio. When the Hv ratio is less than 90%, it means a significant amount of softening of the HAZ softened part exists in the high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above, where HAZ cracks are generated. Preferably, the Hv ratio is 93% or more. More preferably, the Hv ratio is 96% or more. Furthermore, the hardness (HV.sub.min) can be measured by the method described in the Examples described below.

(57) Here, HV.sub.BM, HV.sub.min, and HV.sub.W will be described with reference to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged vertical cross-sectional view for explaining a schematic configuration of a member (welded joint) having a resistance weld after the resistance welding, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIG. 4, the symbol e denotes both end parts in the nugget diameter direction of the nugget 7 formed in the high-strength steel sheet (for example, the steel sheet 3) having the composition described above in the sheet set during resistance welding. HV.sub.BM indicates the maximum hardness in a predetermined region extending outward from an outer periphery of the nugget 7 and in the region of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) 8. HV.sub.min indicates the minimum hardness in a predetermined region extending outward from the outer periphery of the nugget 7 and in the region of the heat-affected zone 8. When the end part e of the nugget 7 is set as a starting point, a region within 2 mm outward from the both end parts e of the nugget 7 in the direction at a right angle to the sheet thickness is set as the measurement range. HV.sub.W indicates the minimum hardness in a predetermined region extending inward from the outer periphery of the nugget 7 and in the region of the nugget 7. Here, a region within 2 mm inward from the both end parts e of the nugget 7 in the direction at a right angle to the sheet thickness is set as the measurement range.

(58) According to aspects of the present invention, HV.sub. is obtained by Equation (1).
HV.sub.(Hv)=(tensile strength of the high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above before the resistance welding (MPa)30)/3.14(1)

(59) Furthermore, when different hardness coexists in the sheet set, the hardness is calculated using a steel sheet having the highest Mn content.

(60) Further, as described above, the Hv ratio can be obtained by Equation (2).
Hv ratio(%)=HV.sub.min/HV.sub.100(2)

EXAMPLES

(61) Hereinafter, examples according to aspects of the present invention will be described. Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to the examples described below.

(62) Steel slabs having the composition shown in Table 1 were produced by a conventionally known method, for example, a converterladle refiningcontinuous casting method. The steel slabs were then subjected to hot rolling under the conditions of a heating temperature of 1250 C. and finish rolling stop temperature of 900 C., and to coiling at a coiling temperature of 500 C., thus formed into a hot rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 2.6 mm. Next, the resulting hot rolled steel sheet was subjected to pickling and then to heat treatment at 700 C. Then, after subjecting to cold rolling, a cold rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.2 mm was obtained by performing a heat treatment at 650 C. for 10 minutes and annealing to cool to room temperature.

(63) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Composition (mass %) Steel type C Si Mn Al N Ti Nb Other component Remarks A 0.15 0.24 5.02 0.03 0.002 0.035 Inventive steel B 0.13 0.51 4.88 0.02 0.003 0.021 Inventive steel C 0.18 0.33 3.89 0.03 0.002 0.025 V: 0.04 Inventive steel D 0.16 0.66 5.32 0.02 0.003 0.033 0.015 Ni: 0.05 Inventive steel E 0.13 0.25 5.89 0.03 0.002 0.031 Cu: 0.08 Inventive steel F 0.14 0.18 6.31 0.03 0.002 0.015 Mo: 0.12 Inventive steel G 0.11 0.41 5.31 0.03 0.002 0.022 0.019 Cr: 0.15 Inventive steel H 0.12 0.22 4.56 0.02 0.003 0.029 Ca: 0.0015 Inventive steel I 0.14 0.31 5.11 0.03 0.002 0.033 REM: 0.0012 Inventive steel J 0.13 1.12 5.02 0.03 0.002 0.032 B: 0.0015 Inventive steel K 0.03 0.22 4.99 0.03 0.002 0.033 Comparative steel L 0.18 0.34 2.11 0.03 0.003 0.035 Comparative steel M 0.14 0.24 3.59 0.03 0.002 Comparative steel S 0.16 0.55 3.89 0.03 0.002 0.015 0.012 Inventive steel *Values outside the range of the present invention are underlined.

(64) For the cold rolled steel sheet obtained as described above, quantitative evaluation of the constituent structure of the steel sheet and tensile test were carried out as shown below. The obtained results are listed in Table 3.

(65) Area ratio of Retained Austenite

(66) The area ratio of retained austenite was determined by X ray diffraction method using Co K beam. Using a test piece with the surface near the sheet thickness of the steel sheet as the measurement surface, the volume fraction of retained austenite was calculated based on a peak intensity ratio of the (211) plane and (220) plane of austenite and the (200) plane and (220) plane of ferrite, and regarded as the area ratio of retained austenite considering the three-dimensional homogeneity. The results are listed as the area ratio (%) of retained in Table 3.

(67) Mechanical Properties

(68) For the mechanical property (tensile strength TS), a JIS No. 5 tensile test piece having a longitudinal direction (tensile direction) at a right angle to the rolling direction was taken and evaluated by performing a tensile test according to JIS Z 2241 (2011), and tensile strength was measured.

(69) Furthermore, in an embodiment according to aspects of the present invention, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a sheet set 4, which is made by overlapping two or three steel sheets including at least one high-strength steel sheet having the composition described above, was subjected to the resistance spot welding using a DC-powered resistance welding machine with a servomotor pressurizing type attached to a welding gun to prepare a tensile test piece having a resistance welded portion. The pair of electrode tips used were DR type electrodes of alumina dispersed copper having a curvature radius R40 of the tip and a tip diameter of 6 mm, as illustrated in FIG. 3. Furthermore, the steel sheet other than the high-strength steel sheet according to aspects of the present invention constituting the sheet set 4 includes an arbitrary composition. For example, cold rolled steel sheets (steel types N to R) having the composition listed in Table 2 were used. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the steel sheets in Table 2 was measured in the same manner as described above. The 270 MPa class listed in Table 2 is a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 270 to 400 MPa, the 590 MPa class is a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 590 to 780 MPa, the 980 MPa class is a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 980 to 1180 MPa, the 1180 MPa class is a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 1180 to 1320 MPa, and the 1470 MPa class is a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 1470 to 1800 MPa.

(70) Test pieces were cut out from cold rolled steel sheets obtained as described above and cold rolled steel sheets (steel types N to R) having the compositions in Table 2 and used as test pieces.

(71) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Composition (mass %) Remarks Steel type. C Si Mn Al N Ti Nb Other component (Tensile strength) N 0.12 0.50 2.40 0.03 0.002 980 MPa class O 0.02 0.02 0.20 0.02 0.004 270 MPa class P 0.14 0.60 2.30 0.02 0.003 1180 MPa class Q 0.09 0.50 1.90 0.02 0.003 590 MPa class R 0.20 0.50 2.50 0.02 0.003 1470 MPa class

(72) The resistance welding was performed under conditions of the welding force of 3500 N, the welding time of 14 to 16 cycles (50 Hz), and the holding time of 1 to 5 cycles (50 Hz), and the welding current was adjusted within the range of 5.0 to 9.0 kA to be 7.0 kA for the nugget diameter to become 5t or more (t is sheet thickness). The welding conditions are listed in Table 3. The resulting resistance weld was evaluated by the following method, and the results are listed in Table 3.

(73) Tensile Properties After Welding

(74) Based on the cross tensile test method (JIS Z 3137 (1999)), tensile properties after welding were measured under welding conditions described above with 50150 mm cross tensile test pieces (referred to herein as steel sheet and steel sheet ) cut out. When there are three or more steel sheets, steel sheet was cut out into 5050 mm steel sheets and welded to prepare a tensile test piece. The sheet set of the test pieces are listed in Table 3 (see the weld sheet set in Table 3). Furthermore, the presence or absence of coating on the test piece is shown in Table 3 (see the coating in Table 3). When there is no coating, it is cold rolled steel sheet, and GA is GA steel sheet, and GI is GI steel sheet. Furthermore, the coating weight of GA steel sheet and GI steel sheet was 45 g/m.sup.2. The fracture form after cross tensile test was observed. In the fracture form of Table 3, it was regarded as plug fracture when the steel sheet remained on one side after the cross tensile test. Regarding the plug fracture, a case where the residual amount of the steel sheet was 70% or more was marked with symbol (excellent), a case where the residual amount of the steel sheet was less than 70% was marked with symbol (good), respectively. On the other hand, a case where the interface fracture occurred without residual steel sheet was marked with symbol x (poor).

(75) Average Grain Size of HAZ

(76) To measure the average grain size of HAZ, the sheet thickness cross section of the steel sheet parallel to the rolling direction was polished, etched with 3% nital, and then the structure of the steel sheet was observed for the heat-affected zone within 2 mm in the direction at a right angle to the sheet thickness from the end part of the nugget, using scanning type electron microscope (SEM), transmission type electron microscope (TEM), and field emission type scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and equivalent circle diameters were calculated from the steel sheet structure images taken with Image-Pro from Media Cybernetics, Inc. and the average grain size df HAZ was obtained by averaging those values.

(77) Hardness of Resistance Weld

(78) The hardness of the resistance weld was measured as specified in JIS Z 2244 (2009). The test force was 2.94 N (0.3 kgf). For the hardness measurement, the weld was cut in half, and the cross section was measured at a pitch of 100 m after mirror polishing from the center of the nugget to 6 mm in the direction at a right angle to the sheet thickness, and the maximum HV.sub.BM, HV.sub.min in of the heat affected zone of the steel sheet and the hardness HV.sub.W of the nugget of the softest steel sheet in the sheet set were determined. Furthermore, the cross section was measured at a pitch of 100 m as described above, and the portion where the hardness remained unchanged with the heat-affected zone and the hardness was stable, and where the steel sheet structure remained unchanged after nital etching was the hardness HV.sub.min of the steel sheet after the resistance welding.

(79) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Weld sheet set Steel sheet Steel sheet Steel sheet Welding condition Test Tensile Tensile Tensile Coating Welding Welding Welding Holding piece Steel strength Steel strength Steel strength Steel Steel Steel force current time time No. type (MPa) type (MPa) type (MPa) sheet sheet sheet (N) (kA) (cycle) (cycle) 1 A 1181 A 1181 None None 3500 N 7 14 1 2 A 1181 N 980 GA GA 3500 N 7 14 1 3 A 1181 0 270 None GA 3500 N 7 14 1 4 A 1181 P 1180 270 GA None GA 3500 N 7 14 1 5 B 1288 P 1180 None GA 3500 N 7 14 1 6 C 1277 Q 590 GA GI 3500 N 7 14 1 7 D 1087 N 980 None None 3500 N 7 14 1 8 E 1088 P 1180 N 980 GA GA GA 3500 N 7 14 1 9 F 1102 R 1470 P 1180 None GA None 3500 N 7 14 1 10 G 1056 N 980 None GI 3500 N 7 14 1 11 H 1022 Q 590 None None 3500 N 7 14 1 12 I 1121 N 980 None GA 3500 N 7 14 1 13 J 1192 N 980 None GA 3500 N 7 14 1 14 K 788 N 980 None None 3500 N 7 14 1 15 L 1225 N 980 None GA 3500 N 7 14 1 16 M 1095 N 980 None None 3500 N 7 14 1 17 S 1245 N 980 GA None 3500 N 7 16 5 Evaluation of Weld Fracture form : Plug fracture Average (Excellent) Hardness measurement of resistance weld grain Area : Plug fracture Test Hv size of ratio of (Good) piece HV.sub.BM HV.sub.w HV.sub.BM/ HV.sub.min HV.sub. ratio HAZ retained X: Interface No. (Hv) (Hv) HV.sub.w (Hv) (Hv) (%) (m) (%) fracture (Poor) Remarks 1 501 440 1.14 370 367 101 1 31 Example 2 503 403 1.25 365 367 100 1 35 Example 3 489 277 1.77 345 367 94 1 34 Example 4 499 296 1.69 359 367 98 1 25 Example 5 498 422 1.18 376 401 94 1 26 Example 6 477 364 1.31 415 397 104 3 28 Example 7 481 398 1.21 398 337 118 2 42 Example 8 498 432 1.15 333 337 99 1 35 Example 9 512 461 1.11 345 341 101 1 48 Example 10 502 388 1.29 328 327 100 1 39 Example 11 489 375 1.30 313 316 99 1 42 Example 12 498 403 1.24 346 347 100 1 40 Example 13 500 431 1.16 369 370 100 1 38 Example 14 384 375 1.02 215 241 89 2 35 X Comp. Ex. 15 410 398 1.03 350 381 92 7 33 X Comp. Ex. 16 465 431 1.08 314 339 93 4 35 X Comp. Ex. 17 459 405 1.13 364 355 103 3 32 Example Note 1: Values outside the range of the present invention are underlined. Note 2: HV.sub.(Hv) = (tensile strength of the high-strength steel sheet having certain composition before the resistance welding (MPa) 30)/3.14 (1) Note 3: Hv ratio (%) = HV.sub.min/HV.sub. 100 (2)

(80) In the Inventive Examples (Test piece Nos. 1 to 13, 17), the steel sheet has all achieved a tensile strength of more than 900 MPa, HV.sub.BM/HV.sub.W of 1.1 or more, a HAZ grain size of 3 m or less, and Hv ratio of 90% or more. Furthermore, the fracture form is effective for the judgment of the stability of the cross tensile strength of the spot welded joint. In the resistance spot welded joints of the steel sheets of the Inventive Examples (Test piece Nos. 1 to 13), the plug fracture was all obtained in the cross tensile test. In particular, when the amount of Mn exceeds 4.0% (Test piece Nos. 1 to 5, 7 to 13), the residual amount of the steel sheet was 70% or more, which was found to be superior in the evaluation of plug fracture.

(81) On the other hand, in the Comparative Examples (Test piece Nos. 14 to 16) that do not satisfy the requirements according to aspects of the present invention, one or more of the conditions of HV.sub.BM/HV.sub.W of 1.1 or more, HAZ grain size of 3 m or less, Hv ratio of 90% or more was not achieved. Furthermore, in the Comparative Example (Test piece Nos. 14 to 16), all the fracture forms were the interface fractures.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

(82) 1 Lower steel sheet 2 Upper steel sheet 3 Steel sheet disposed between lower and upper steel sheets 4 Sheet set 5 Lower electrode tip 6 Upper electrode tip 7 Nugget 8 Heat affected zone