Apparatus and method for measuring mass flow-rates of gas, oil and water phases in wet gas

Abstract

The invention is directed to apparatus for measuring mass flow-rates of the gas, oil and water phases in a wet gas, comprising the following parts: a differential pressure flow meter, having a throat section, and a gamma ray detector, comprising a gamma ray emitter and a gamma ray receiver that are arranged in such a manner that gamma rays emitted from the gamma ray emitter can pass through the throat section in diametrical direction to reach the gamma ray receiver; wherein a radioactive source in the gamma-ray emitter is a multi-energy radioactive source that can naturally emit at least three energy gamma rays, and a thermostatic device is not used in the gamma ray receiver. The invention further relates to a metering method for measuring mass flow-rates of the gas, oil and water phases in a wet gas, in which the above apparatus is used. As for the apparatus according to the invention, neither a thermostatic device nor the calibration for the empty tube value is in need, and thus it is very suitable for the uses under water or down-hole.

Claims

1. A method for measuring mass flow-rates of gas, oil and water phases in a wet gas, in which an apparatus comprising the following parts is used: (a) a differential pressure flow meter, having a throat section; (b) a gamma ray detector, comprising a gamma ray emitter and a gamma ray receiver that are arranged in such a manner that gamma rays emitted from the gamma ray emitter can pass through the throat section in diametrical direction to reach the gamma ray receiver; and (c) a radioactive source in the gamma-ray emitter is a multi-energy radioactive source that can naturally emit at least three energy gamma rays, and a thermostatic device is not used in the gamma ray receiver; characterized in that the metering method comprises the following steps: i) measuring the temperature T of a wet gas via a temperature sensor, measuring the differential pressure P between an inlet and a throat of a throttling tube as disposed in the differential pressure flow meter via a differential pressure sensor, and measuring the transmission intensities N.sub.x,1, N.sub.x,2 and N.sub.x,3 of the three energy-levels gamma rays via the gamma ray detector; and ii) calculating the total mass flow of the wet gas and the mass flows of the oil, gas and water phases according to the following formula: $Total mass flow : Q_{m} = \frac{C}{\sqrt{1 -^{4}}} .Math. \frac{}{4} D^{2} \sqrt{P *_{mix}}$ $Oil mass flow : Q_{m, o} = Q_{m} * OMF$ $Gas mass flow : Q_{m, g} = Q_{m} * GMF$ $Water mass flow : Q_{m, w} = Q_{m} * WMF, wherein$ $Oil mass fraction : OMF = \frac{Q_{o}}{Q_{o} + Q_{w} + Q_{g}}$ $Gas mass fraction : GMF = \frac{Q_{g}}{Q_{o} + Q_{w} + Q_{g}}$ Water mass fraction: $WMF = \frac{Q_{w}}{Q_{o} + Q_{w} + Q_{g}},$ wherein Q.sub.o, Q.sub.g, Q.sub.w are the linear mass of the oil, gas, and water phases respectively, specifically represented by the following formula: $\begin{matrix} Q_{o} = - \frac{\begin{matrix} (k_{2} - 1) (d_{1} - d_{2}) + \\ (k_{4} - k_{2}) (d_{1} -) \end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix} (k_{2} - 1) (k_{1} - k_{3}) + \\ (k_{4} - k_{2}) (k_{1} - 1) \end{matrix}} - \frac{\begin{matrix} (k_{3} - 1) (d_{1} - d_{2}) + \\ (k_{3} - k_{1}) (d_{1} -) \end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix} (k_{3} - 1) (k_{2} - k_{4}) + \\ (k_{3} - k_{1}) (k_{4} - 1) \end{matrix}} \\ Q_{g} = \frac{(k_{2} - 1) (d_{1} - d_{2}) + (k_{4} - k_{2}) (d_{1} -)}{(k_{2} - 1) (k_{1} - k_{3}) + (k_{4} - k_{2}) (k_{1} - 1)} \\ Q_{w} = \frac{(k_{3} - 1) (d_{1} - d_{2}) + (k_{3} - k_{1}) (d_{1} -)}{(k_{3} - 1) (k_{2} - k_{4}) + (k_{3} - k_{1}) (k_{4} - 1)}, wherein : = \frac{}{4} {(\frac{C}{\sqrt{1 -^{4}}} .Math. D)}^{2} P k_{1} = \frac{a_{g, 1} - a_{g, 2}}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 2}} k_{2} = \frac{a_{w, 1} - a_{w, 2}}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 2}} d_{1} = \frac{1}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 2}} \ln (\frac{N_{x, 2}}{f_{1} N_{x, 1}}) k_{3} = \frac{a_{g, 1} - a_{g, 3}}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 3}} k_{4} = \frac{a_{g, 1} - a_{g, 3}}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 3}} d_{2} = \frac{1}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 3}} \ln (\frac{N_{x, 3}}{f_{2} N_{x, 1}}); \end{matrix}$ wherein, the letters in the each formula have the following meanings: C is the discharge coefficient of a throttling flow meter; is the compression correction factor of a fluid; is the diameter ratio of a throttling flow meter; D is the thickness as measured by gamma ray, i.e., the pipe diameter; P is the differential pressure, being a measurement value; f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 respectively are the ratios of the initial intensities of the second gamma ray and third gamma ray relative to the initial intensity of the first gamma ray; N.sub.x,1, N.sub.x,2 and N.sub.x,3 are the transmission intensities of the three energy gamma rays, respectively, being measuring values; .sub.mix is the average sectional density on the measured cross section of the wet gas,
.sub.mix=(Q.sub.o+Q.sub.g+Q.sub.w)/S; S is the area of the measured cross section, $S = \frac{}{4} D^{2};$ is the linear mass absorption coefficient of the fluid to be measured to the gamma ray; the subscripts 1, 2 and 3 represent gamma rays having different energy levels respectively; the subscripts o, g and w represent oil, gas and water respectively.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that no temperature drift correction is carried out directed to the measurement results of the gamma ray receiver.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before the measurement, the calibration of the empty tube value is not in need.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the multi-energy radioactive source is a .sup.133Ba radioactive source capable of emitting at least three gamma rays having the energy levels of 31 keV, 81 keV, and 356 keV, or a .sup.176Lu radioactive source capable of emitting at least three gamma rays having the energy levels of 307 keV, 202 keV and 88 keV.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is the front view of the metering device according to the invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is the sectional view of the metering device according to the invention along the A-A direction.

(3) FIG. 3 is the side view of the metering device according to the invention.

(4) FIG. 4 is the sectional view of the metering device according to the invention along the B-B direction.

(5) The reference signs have the following meanings: 1. gamma ray emitter; 2. radioactive source shield; 3. gamma ray receiver; 4. throat section; 5. combinational sensor, respectively for measuring the temperature and pressure of a measured fluid, and the differential pressure of the fluid that flows through the throttling tube; 6. differential pressure flow meter.

(6) The above drawings are only used for illustrative descriptions of the technical concept and technical solution of the invention, and but not for restricting the invention in any way.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

(7) A first aspect of the invention is to provide a metering device for measuring mass flows of the gas, oil and water phases in a wet gas, comprising the following parts: a differential pressure flow meter, having a throat section, a gamma ray detector, comprising a gamma ray emitter and a gamma ray receiver that are arranged in such a manner that gamma rays can pass through the throat section in diametrical direction to reach the gamma ray receiver; wherein a radioactive source in the gamma-ray emitter is a multi-energy radioactive source that can naturally emit at least three energy gamma rays, and a thermostatic device is not used in the gamma ray receiver.

(8) Therein, the differential pressure flow meter comprises a throttling round pipe, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. The basic principles of the differential pressure flow meter are described as follows: the throttling device, e.g., a Venturi tube, an orifice, or a nozzle, can be arranged in a round pipe filled with fluids, and the section of the throttling device with the minimum diameter is called as the throat section. When a fluid flows through the throttling device, a static differential pressure will be produced between the upstream and the throat of the throttling device. There is a fixed function relation between the static differential pressure and the flow of the fluid, and thus as long as the static differential pressure is measured, the flow can be calculated according to the flow formula.

(9) The gamma ray detector comprises a gamma ray emitter and a gamma ray receiver that are respectively arranged at the two sides of the cross section of the throttling round pipe, in which the gamma ray emitted by the gamma ray emitter passes through the cross section in the diametrical direction to reach the gamma ray receiver; the gamma ray emitter comprises a multi-energy radioactive source that can naturally emit at least three energy gamma rays, abbreviated as multi-energy radioactive source; the gamma ray detector is a gamma ray detector capable of measuring and analyzing the full spectrum of gamma rays.

(10) In addition, the metering device further comprises a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the wet gas and a differential pressure sensor for measuring the differential pressure between the inlet and throat of the Venturi tube.

(11) A second aspect of the invention is to provide a metering method for measuring mass flows of the gas, oil and water phases in a wet gas, in which the metering device according to the first aspect of the invention is used, comprising the following steps: a) measuring the temperature T of a wet gas via a temperature sensor, measuring the differential pressure P between the inlet and throat of a differential pressure tube via a differential pressure sensor, and measuring the transmission intensities N.sub.x,1, N.sub.x,2 and N.sub.x,3 of the three energy gamma rays via a gamma ray detector; and b) calculating the total mass flow of the wet gas and the mass flows of the oil, gas and water phases according to the following formula:

(12) $\begin{matrix} Total mass flow : Q_{m} = \frac{C}{\sqrt{1 -^{4}}} .Math. \frac{}{4} D^{2} \sqrt{P *_{mix}} & (4) \\ Oil mass flow : Q_{m, o} = Q_{m} * OMF & (5) \\ Gas mass flow : Q_{m, g} = Q_{m} * GMF & (6) \\ Water mass flow : Q_{m, w} = Q_{m} * WMF & (7) \end{matrix}$

(13) Wherein,

(14) $Oil mass f raction : OMF = \frac{Q_{o}}{Q_{o} + Q_{w} + Q_{g}}$ $Gas mass f raction : GMF = \frac{Q_{g}}{Q_{o} + Q_{w} + Q_{g}}$ $Water mass f raction : WMF = \frac{Q_{w}}{Q_{o} + Q_{w} + Q_{g}},$

(15) Wherein Q.sub.o, Q.sub.g, Q.sub.w are the linear mass of the oil, gas, and water phases respectively, specifically represented by the following formula:

(16) $Q_{o} = - \frac{(k_{2} - 1) (d_{1} - d_{2}) + (k_{4} - k_{2}) (d_{1} -)}{(k_{2} - 1) (k_{1} - k_{3}) + (k_{4} - k_{2}) (k_{1} - 1)} - \frac{(k_{3} - 1) (d_{1} - d_{2}) + (k_{3} - k_{1}) (d_{1} -)}{(k_{3} - 1) (k_{2} - k_{4}) + (k_{3} - k_{1}) (k_{4} - 1)}$ $Q_{g} = \frac{(k_{2} - 1) (d_{1} - d_{2}) + (k_{4} - k_{2}) (d_{1} -)}{(k_{2} - 1) (k_{1} - k_{3}) + (k_{4} - k_{2}) (k_{1} - 1)}$ $Q_{w} = \frac{(k_{3} - 1) (d_{1} - d_{2}) + (k_{3} - k_{1}) (d_{1} -)}{(k_{3} - 1) (k_{2} - k_{4}) + (k_{3} - k_{1}) (k_{4} - 1)}, Wherein, = \frac{}{4} {(\frac{C}{\sqrt{1 -^{4}}} .Math. D)}^{2} P$ $k_{1} = \frac{a_{g, 1} - a_{g, 2}}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 2}}$ $k_{2} = \frac{a_{w, 1} - a_{w, 2}}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 2}}$ $d_{1} = \frac{1}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 2}} \ln (\frac{N_{x, 2}}{f_{1} N_{x, 1}})$ $k_{3} = \frac{a_{g, 1} - a_{g, 3}}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 3}}$ $k_{4} = \frac{a_{g, 1} - a_{g, 3}}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 3}}$ $d_{2} = \frac{1}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 3}} \ln (\frac{N_{x, 3}}{f_{2} N_{x, 1}}) .$

(17) The letters in the each formula have the following meanings:

(18) C is the discharge coefficient of a throttling flow meter;

(19) is the compression correction factor of a fluid;

(20) is the diameter ratio of a throttling flow meter;

(21) D is the thickness as measured by gamma ray, i.e., the pipe diameter;

(22) P is the differential pressure, being a measurement value;

(23) N.sub.x,1, N.sub.x,2 and N.sub.x,3 are the transmission intensities of the three energy gamma rays, respectively, being measuring values;

(24) .sub.mix is the average sectional density on the measured cross section of the wet gas, .sub.mix=(Q.sub.o+Q.sub.g+Q.sub.w)/S;

(25) S is the area of the measured cross section,

(26) $S = \frac{}{4} D^{2};$

(27) is the linear mass absorption coefficient of the fluid to be measured to the gamma ray; the subscripts 1, 2 and 3 represent gamma rays having different energy levels respectively; the subscripts o, g and w represent oil, gas and water respectively;

(28) f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 are the ratios of the initial intensities of the second gamma ray and third gamma ray relative to the initial intensity of the first gamma ray respectively.

(29) As compared with conventional metering methods, the metering method according to the invention can avoid either the operation for correcting the temperature drift directed to the measurement results of the gamma ray receiver, or the operation for calibrating the empty tube value.

(30) The invention has the following advantages:

(31) (1) The technical solution according to the invention uses a multi-energy radioactive source that can naturally emit more than three energy gamma rays. The intensity ratio of the three energy gamma rays as naturally emitted is fixed and constant, i.e., it cannot be changed by human, and the ratio will not be influenced by any changes in external temperature and pressure. Thus, the technical solution can bring great conveniences and simplifications to the solution of the metering formulae according to the invention, and it can accomplish the first direction measurement of the mass flows of gas, oil and water phases in a wet gas in the world without the need of the following operations: the volume flows of the three phases in the wet gas are measured, and then according to their densities, the mass flows of the phases can be calculated. The metering method is direct and simple, and its measurement principles have strict mathematical bases.

(32) (2) The technical solution according to the invention can entirely eliminate the use of a thermostatic device for keeping the temperature of the gamma ray receiver constant, and thus the structure of the metering device according to the invention is greatly simplified. Furthermore, the metering device according to the invention can conveniently and reliably work underwater for a long term, without the obsessions of replacing the electric source of the thermostatic device and maintaining the thermostatic device.

(33) (3) The technical solution according to the invention entirely eliminates the work for calibrating the empty tube value in the technological principle, and the metering device according to the invention is very suitable for long term work underwater or under oil wells.

(34) (4) The technical solution according to the invention device fundamentally eliminates impacts of the temperature drift in the gamma ray measurement system, and thus the measurement results will be more accurate and more precise.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(35) In order to facilitate the understandings to the invention, some terms in the field of the wet gas metering are simply introduced as follows:

(36) The term mass flow is meant to the mass of the flowing fluid per unit time, and in the SI unit system, its dimension may be expressed by kg/s.

(37) The term volume flow is meant to the volume of the flowing fluid per unit time, and in the SI unit system, its dimension may be expressed by m.sup.3/s.

(38) The term linear mass is meant to the mass of a fluid to be measured that is transmitted by a gamma ray per unit area when the gamma ray is used to measure the fluid. According to the properties of the transmitted fluid, there are three linear masses, Q.sub.o, Q.sub.g, and Q.sub.w, being the oil linear mass, the gas linear mass and the water linear mass respectively. By utilizing the linear masses of the oil, gas and water, the following relation is present between the total mass flow and the pipe diameter:

(39) $\begin{matrix} Q_{o} + Q_{g} + Q_{w} = \frac{}{4} {(\frac{C}{\sqrt{1 -^{4}}} .Math. D)}^{2} P . & (8) \end{matrix}$

(40) The term radial is meant to the direction of the diameter of the round section of the pipe through which the fluid flows.

(41) The following text puts emphases on the metering method according to the invention for measuring mass flow of a wet gas.

(42) In the invention, with a conventional differential pressure flow meter, e.g., a Venturi flow meter, the total mass flow of the wet gas can be attained by measuring the differential pressure, and then making calculations according to the following formula:

(43) $\begin{matrix} Q_{m} = \frac{C}{\sqrt{1 -^{4}}} .Math. \frac{}{4} D^{2} \sqrt{P_{mix}} & (9) \end{matrix}$

(44) In the formula, C is the discharge coefficient of the throttling flow meter, is the compression correction factor of the fluid, is the diameter ratio of the throttling flow meter, P the is the differential pressure, .sub.mix is the density of the fluid (as for a wet gas, the density refers to a mixed density), and D is the pipe diameter.

(45) Next, by using a gamma ray detector having a multi-energy radioactive source, the mass flows of the gas, oil and water phases in the wet gas are measured.

(46) First of all, according to the characteristics of the gamma ray absorption, the following formulae are used:

(47) Absorption formula of gamma ray 1:

(48) $\begin{matrix} \ln (\frac{N_{0, 1}}{N_{x, 1}}) = a_{o, 1} Q_{o} + a_{g, 1} Q_{g} + a_{w, 1} Q_{w} & (10) \end{matrix}$

(49) Absorption formula of gamma ray 2:

(50) $\begin{matrix} \ln (\frac{N_{0, 2}}{N_{x, 2}}) = a_{o, 2} Q_{o} + a_{g, 2} Q_{g} + a_{w, 2} Q_{w} & (11) \end{matrix}$

(51) Absorption formula of gamma ray 3:

(52) $\begin{matrix} \ln (\frac{N_{0, 3}}{N_{x, 3}}) = a_{o, 3} Q_{o} + a_{g, 3} Q_{g} + a_{w, 3} Q_{w} . & (12) \end{matrix}$

(53) Second, according to the relation between the mass flow and linear mass as measured by a Venturi flow meter, the following formula is used:

(54) 0 $\begin{matrix} Q_{o} + Q_{g} + Q_{w} = \frac{}{4} {(\frac{C}{\sqrt{1 -^{4}}} .Math. D)}^{2} P, & (13) \end{matrix}$

(55) wherein, Q.sub.o, Q.sub.g, Q.sub.w is the linear mass of the oil, gas and water phases, respectively.

(56) According to the characteristics of the radioactive source, the N.sub.o,1, N.sub.o,2 and N.sub.o,3 have the following proportion relation: N.sub.0,2=f.sub.1N.sub.0,1, N.sub.o,3=f.sub.2N.sub.o,1, in which f.sub.1 and f.sub.2, being well known proportion coefficients, are naturally constant coefficients, and thus they will not be changed with measurement conditions; due to the presence of the proportion coefficients, the three unknowns N.sub.0,2, N.sub.0,3, N.sub.0,1 are actually equivalent to one unknown N.sub.0,1.

(57) Thus, according to the above four formula (10) to (13), the four unknowns N.sub.0,1, Q.sub.w, Q.sub.o, Q.sub.g can be directly and precisely solved, so as to eliminate the measurement or calibration need for N.sub.0,1. Because there is no need for the calibration to the N.sub.0,1 (i.e., the empty tube value), impacts of the temperature drift in the gamma ray receiver on the measurement can be fundamentally avoided, and thus the provision of a thermostatic device is not in need in the gamma ray receiver.

(58) In the equation set, .sub.o,1, .sub.o,2, .sub.o,3, .sub.g,1, .sub.g,2, .sub.g,3, and .sub.w,1, .sub.w,2, .sub.w,3 are respectively the linear mass absorption coefficients of the oil, gas and water to gamma ray 1, gamma ray 2 and gamma ray 3 under working conditions, f.sub.1, f.sub.2 each are a fixed value and obtainable by the means of calibration, N.sub.x,1, N.sub.x,2, N.sub.x,3, P each are a measurement value. Thus, the linear masses can be directly solved according to the following formulae:

(59) $\begin{matrix} Q_{o} = - \frac{\begin{matrix} (k_{2} - 1) (d_{1} - d_{2}) + \\ (k_{4} - k_{2}) (d_{1} -) \end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix} (k_{2} - 1) (k_{1} - k_{3}) + \\ (k_{4} - k_{2}) (k_{1} - 1) \end{matrix}} - \frac{\begin{matrix} (k_{3} - 1) (d_{1} - d_{2}) + \\ (k_{3} - k_{1}) (d_{1} -) \end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix} (k_{3} - 1) (k_{2} - k_{4}) + \\ (k_{3} - k_{1}) (k_{4} - 1) \end{matrix}} & (14) \\ Q_{g} = \frac{(k_{2} - 1) (d_{1} - d_{2}) + (k_{4} - k_{2}) (d_{1} -)}{(k_{2} - 1) (k_{1} - k_{3}) + (k_{4} - k_{2}) (k_{1} - 1)} & (15) \\ Q_{w} = \frac{(k_{3} - 1) (d_{1} - d_{2}) + (k_{3} - k_{1}) (d_{1} -)}{(k_{3} - 1) (k_{2} - k_{4}) + (k_{3} - k_{1}) (k_{4} - 1)} . & (16) \end{matrix}$

(60) Further, according to the Venturi mass flow formula

(61) $Q_{t} = \frac{C}{\sqrt{1 -^{4}}} .Math. \frac{}{4} D^{2} \sqrt{P_{mix}}$
and the definition for the mass phase fraction, the mass flows of the gas, oil and water phases and the total mass flow can be finally obtained according to the following calculation formulas:
Q.sub.m,o=Q.sub.m*OMF(17)
Q.sub.m,g=Q.sub.m*GMF(18)
Q.sub.m,w=Q.sub.m*WMF(19).

(62) In the formula below,

(63) $= \frac{}{4} {(\frac{C}{\sqrt{1 -^{4}}} .Math. D)}^{2} P$ $k_{1} = \frac{a_{g, 1} - a_{g, 2}}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 2}}$ $k_{2} = \frac{a_{w, 1} - a_{w, 2}}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 2}}$ $d_{1} = \frac{1}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 2}} \ln (\frac{N_{x, 2}}{f_{1} N_{x, 1}})$ $k_{3} = \frac{a_{g, 1} - a_{g, 3}}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 3}}$ $k_{4} = \frac{a_{w, 1} - a_{w, 3}}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 3}}$ $d_{2} = \frac{1}{a_{o, 1} - a_{o, 3}} \ln (\frac{N_{x, 3}}{f_{2} N_{x, 1}}),$

(64) C is the discharge coefficient of a throttling flow meter;

(65) is the compression correction factor of a fluid;

(66) is the diameter ratio of a throttling flow meter;

(67) D is the thickness as measured by gamma ray, i.e., the pipe diameter;

(68) P is the differential pressure;

(69) .sub.mix is the average sectional density on the measured cross section, .sub.mix=(Q.sub.o+Q.sub.g+Q.sub.w)/S;

(70) S is the area of the measured cross section,

(71) $S = \frac{}{4} D^{2};$

(72) $Oil mass fraction : OMF = \frac{Q_{o}}{Q_{o} + Q_{w} + Q_{g}};$ $Gas mass fraction : GMF = \frac{Q_{g}}{Q_{o} + Q_{w} + Q_{g}};$ $Water mass fraction : WMF = \frac{Q_{w}}{Q_{o} + Q_{w} + Q_{g}};$

(73) Q.sub.o, Q.sub.g, Q.sub.w is the linear mass of the oil, gas and water in need of the solution, respectively;

(74) is the linear mass absorption coefficient of the fluid to be measured to the gamma ray; Q is the linear mass of the fluid to be measured along the direction of the gamma ray; the subscripts 1, 2 and 3 respectively represent gamma rays having different energy levels; the subscripts o, g, w respectively represent the oil, the gas and the water.

(75) The metering device and metering method according to the invention are described directed to the measurements and calculations of the mass flows of the three phases (oil, gas and water) in a wet gas, and the metering device and metering method are likewise suitable for the measurements of a biphasic fluid to calculate the mass flows of the gas and liquid phases therein. Accordingly, by utilizing the two energy levels of the gamma ray radioactive source, the principles and method for calculating the mass flow can be determined by analogue according to the above contents.

Apparatus and method for measuring mass flow-rates of gas, oil and water phases in wet gas

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Inventors

Cpc classification

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G01N23/12

PHYSICS

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G01F1/74

PHYSICS

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G01F1/88

PHYSICS

International classification

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G01F1/74

PHYSICS

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G01N23/12

PHYSICS

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G01F1/88

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Abstract

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Description