Tower crane

Abstract

The present invention relates to a tower crane, in particular a revolving tower crane, comprising a crane tower composed of a plurality of tower pieces, a main boom arranged at the tower tip, and a counter-boom, wherein at least one main hoist rope is guided over the main boom to take up the load and at least one counter-boom hoist rope is guided over the counter-boom to take up a balance weight.

Claims

1. A tower crane comprising a crane tower composed of a plurality of tower pieces, a main boom arranged at a tower tip, and a counter-boom, wherein at least one main hoist rope is guided over the main boom to take up a load and at least one counter-boom hoist rope is guided over the counter-boom to take up at least one ballast element; wherein the crane tower comprises at least one climb piece at which the counter-boom and/or the main boom is/are luffably taken up; and wherein one or more consoles are laterally installed at the at least one climb piece, at which consoles the main boom and/or the counter-boom is/are pivotably supported.

2. The tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the at least one ballast element to ballast the counter-boom is taken up via the at least one counter-boom hoist rope.

3. The tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the counter-boom and the main boom are luffably arranged at the tower tip.

4. The tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the at least one climb piece is movable in a vertical direction by means of a hydraulic cylinder, with the hydraulic cylinder being supported at abutments of the crane tower provided for this purpose.

5. The tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein one or more drive units and/or switch cabinets and/or hydraulic tanks are installed within at least one of the consoles.

6. The tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least two guying frames are provided at the at least one climb piece, with at least one guying frame of the at least two guying frames being connected to a guying rope system of the main boom and at least one other guying frame of the at least two guying frames being connected to a guying rope system of the counter-boom, with a respective guying frame being rotatably supported at a console of the lattice piece and with the guying frame of the main boom being supported at the console taking up the main boom and the guying frame of the counter-boom being supported at the console taking up the counter-boom.

7. The tower crane in accordance with claim 6, wherein the guying frames are connected to one another via a length-adjustable connection.

8. The tower crane in accordance with claim 7, wherein the length-adjutable connection is a rope system.

9. The tower crane in accordance with claim 6, wherein the main boom and the counter-boom are downwardly luffable such that the main boom and the counter-boom come to lie laterally at and almost in parallel with the crane tower, by letting out the respective guying rope systems and by extending the rope system connecting the guying frames.

10. The tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the at least one climb piece comprises a pivot bearing to rotate the at least one climb piece about a vertical axis of rotation with respect to the crane tower.

11. The tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least one auxiliary boom is provided at the counter-boom, with the auxiliary boom being pivotable at a tip of the counter-boom, and with at least one auxiliary hoist rope being guided over the auxiliary boom.

12. The tower crane in accordance with claim 11, wherein the auxiliary hoist rope or a tip of the auxiliary boom is pivotable over the climb piece of the crane tower to introduce one or more lattice pieces into the climb piece that are taken up by means of the auxiliary hoist rope.

13. The tower crane in accordance with claim 11, wherein the auxiliary boom is pivotable with respect to the counter-boom by means of at least one drive.

14. The tower crane in accordance with claim 13, wherein the drive is a hydraulic cylinder.

15. The tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least one collar is installed or installable about the crane tower; and in that a guying is spanned between any fixing points of a base of the crane or of an undercarriage of the crane and the collar.

16. The tower crane in accordance with claim 15, wherein the guying at least partially comprises rope material and/or sheet metal material.

17. The tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the tower crane is a revolving tower crane.

18. The tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the one or more consoles are installed at a front side and a rear side of the climb piece lying in a luffing plane.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) Advantageous embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail in the following with reference to an embodiment shown in the Figures.

(2) There are shown:

(3) FIG. 1: a sketched side view of the crane revolving tower in accordance with the invention;

(4) FIGS. 2 to 4: sketched side representations of the crane revolving tower in accordance with the invention during the climbing procedure in chronological order;

(5) FIG. 5: the crane revolving tower in accordance with the invention with an additional guying of the crane tower; and

(6) FIGS. 6 and 7: sketched side representations of the crane revolving tower in accordance with the invention during the moving of the boom into the out-of-operation position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(7) The crane in accordance with the invention comprises a crane tower 1 composed of a plurality of tower pieces 11. The crane tower 1 is supported at the ground by means of an undercarriage 2. Alternatively to the undercarriage, a connection piece (not shown) cemented in could also be used.

(8) The basic design of the crane should first be described with reference to FIG. 1. A rotatable and climbable climbing section 3 is installed around the tower 1 at the tower tip. The climbing section 3 is displaceable vertically along the tower 1 by means of one or more hydraulic cylinders 31. The hydraulic cylinder 31 is supported in abutments 12 of the tower 1 suitable for this purpose. The crane becomes a top slewer by means of the rotatable climbing section.

(9) Two consoles 4, 5 are installed at both sides at the climbing section 3 and the drive units, switch cabinets, and hydraulic tanks of the crane are installed in them. The console 5 fastened to the front side of the climbing section 3 takes up the main boom 6, with the latter being luffably supported at the console 5 at the supporting point 51. The main boom 6 is made up of a plurality of boom pieces 61 and accordingly has a variable length. A hoist winch 62 is installed at the main boom 6 to store and actuate the hoist rope 63 to which the lifting hook 64 to take up the load is lashed.

(10) The counter-boom 7 is pivotably supported at the supporting point 93 at the console 4 that is installed at the rear side of the climbing section 3. A hoist winch 72 on which the further hoist rope 73 is stored is likewise installed at the counter-boom 7. The lifting hook 74 is actuated by the hoist rope 73. The counter-boom 7 serves the balance of the load taken up by the main boom 6. A laborious installation of the ballast weight at the counter-boom becomes superfluous in this manner; the ballast elements 94 can instead be simply taken up via the crane hook 74. This method allows a lower center of gravity of the total crane.

(11) The balance weight that is to be hoisted at the counter-boom 7 has to be adapted by the hoist.
Load at the main boomDistance(main boom lifting hook/tower center)=Load at the counter boomDistance(counter-boom lifting hook/tower center).

(12) An auxiliary boom 8 that is pivotably supported at the tip of the counter-boom 7 is furthermore installed at the counter-boom 7. The auxiliary boom 8 likewise has its own hoist winch 81 with hoist rope 82 and lifting hook 83. In addition, the auxiliary boom 8 is hydraulically adjustable with respect to the counter-boom 7 via the cylinder 84.

(13) The auxiliary boom 8 is inter alia used during climbing, which will be looked at below during the description of the climbing procedure.

(14) Guying frames 9, 10 are furthermore pivotably installed at both consoles 4, 5. The frames 9, 10 are connected by means of a connection 11 and serve to move the booms 6, 7 into an out-of-operation position. This procedure will also be described in detail below. The frames 9, 10 are movable by means of a hoist winch 91 and a hoist rope 92, i.e. they are pivotable with respect to the consoles 4, 5. The frames 9, 10 are connected to one another in regular crane operation. The main boom 6 is connected to the frame 10 by means of the guying 65. The length of the guying 65 is settable by means of a hoisting winch, whereby the horizontal distance between the lifting hook 64 and the tower 1 can be varied. In this process, the main boom rotates about the supporting point 51 and a luffing movement of the boom 6 takes place. This applies equally to the counter-boom 7 that is connected to the frame 9 by means of the guying 75. The counter-boom 7 is luffed about the supporting point 41 and the horizontal distance between the lifting hook 74 and the tower 1 changes by changing the length of the guying 75 by means of the hoisting winch.

(15) The climbing process (FIGS. 2-4) in which the crane tower 1 is supplemented by one or more tower pieces 11a is as follows: A new tower piece 11a is raised by the auxiliary boom 8 and the lifting hook 83 (FIG. 2). The distance of the lifting hook 83 from the tower center is reduced by pivoting the counter-boom 7. Since the auxiliary boom 8 is designed in the manner of a portal, the tower piece 11a is rocked by the auxiliary boom 8 and is positioned above the remaining tower 1 (FIG. 3). The tower piece 11a can be installed in the region of the climbing section 3 on the topmost lattice piece of the crane tower 1 by letting out the hoist rope 82 by means of the hoist winch 81 (FIG. 3). The climbing section 3 can subsequently push up the total unit by means of the hydraulic cylinder 31 (FIG. 4).

(16) If the maximum free-standing height of the crane is not sufficient, there is the option of stabilizing the crane, whereby a further extension of the crane tower can be implemented. A collar 13 is installed around the tower 1 for this purpose, as is shown in FIG. 5. A guying 14 is installed between the collar 13 and the base points 21 of the undercarriage 2. The guying 14 normally comprises rope material and sheet metal material and is preloaded. Since the crane is now more stable, the crane can be increased in height with further tower pieces 11.

(17) If the crane is to be temporarily taken out of operation, it is moved into a special out-of-operation position to reduce the resulting area exposed to wind of the total crane construction as much as possible. The crane can thereby also be left set up at higher wind speeds. For this purpose, the two boom guying systems 65, 75 are first extended to luff the main boom and the counter boom 6, 7 down as flat as possible (see FIG. 6). For static reasons, the booms 6, 7 should adopt a horizontal position. The connection 11 between the frames 9, 10 is then released and the position of the frames 9, 10 and thus the position of the booms 6, 7 are thus changed by a further letting out of the hoist rope 92 by means of the hoist winch 91. The frames 9, 10 move outwardly and the booms 6, 7 are in the negative luffing range. The final out-of-operation position is reached when the main boom 6 and the counter-boom 7 have come to lie laterally to and in parallel with the crane tower 1 (see FIG. 7). The total height of the crane is now substantially reduced and the resulting area exposed to wind has been considerably minimized.