Measuring device and measuring method for a flow

Abstract

A measuring device, in particular for a flow inside a turbomachine, in particular in an aircraft engine. The measuring device includes at least one suction intake opening for fluid from an area of a mixed-out flow, wherein the at least one suction intake opening is arranged at a distance from a wall that delimits the flow, and fluid that is suctioned in through a fluid channel can be conducted to a sensor device.

Claims

1. A turbomachine comprising: a guide vane; a rotor blade; and a measuring device comprising: at least one suction intake opening for suctioning a fluid from an area of a mixed-out flow, wherein the at least one suction intake opening is arranged at a distance from a wall that delimits a path of the mixed-out flow; a sensor, wherein the sensor is at least one chosen from a temperature sensor, a sensor for measuring a concentration of at least one substance, a sensor for determining a particle size of a flow containing particles, a sensor for determining an air humidity, and a sensor for determining an oil content in a gas; a fluid channel between the at least one suction intake opening and the sensor, wherein the fluid suctioned at the at least one suction intake opening flows through the fluid channel to the sensor, wherein the fluid channel is configured such that the fluid suctioned at the at least one suction intake opening flows in an impoundment-free manner, and wherein the fluid channel completely separates the sensor from the path of the mixed-out flow; wherein the measuring device is arranged between the guide vane and the rotor blade.

2. The turbomachine according to claim 1, wherein the at least one suction intake opening is arranged at the fluid channel and wherein the fluid channel is straight or curved at least in certain areas.

3. The turbomachine according to claim 1, wherein a cross section of the at least one suction intake opening is round or elliptical.

4. The turbomachine according to claim 1, wherein the at least one suction intake opening is arranged at a circumference of the fluid channel.

5. The turbomachine according to claim 4, wherein the at least one suction intake opening includes two suction intake openings arranged at a distance between one another of between 90 and 120 at the circumference of the fluid channel.

6. The turbomachine according to claim 1, wherein the fluid channel includes a free length, wherein the free length is a portion of the fluid channel from the at least one suction intake opening to the wall that delimits the path of the mixed-out flow, and wherein a ratio of the free length and a diameter of the fluid channel is between 0.5 and 1.5.

7. The turbomachine according to claim 6, wherein the ratio of the free length and the diameter of the fluid channel is 1.

8. The turbomachine according to claim 1, wherein the fluid channel includes a free length, wherein the free length is a portion of the fluid channel from the at least one suction intake opening to the wall that delimits the path of the mixed-out flow, and the free length corresponds to 2 to 10 times a boundary layer thickness as it is formed during operation.

9. The turbomachine according to claim 1, wherein the at least one suction intake opening is arranged parallel to a main flow direction.

10. The turbomachine according to claim 1, wherein the at least one suction intake opening is arranged at an angle of between 70 and 110 to a main flow direction.

11. The turbomachine according to claim 10, wherein the at least one suction intake opening is arranged at an angle of between 85 and 105 to the main flow direction.

12. The turbomachine according to claim 11, wherein the at least one suction intake opening is arranged at an angle of 90 to the main flow direction.

13. The turbomachine according to claim 1, wherein during operation, a pressure ratio between the mixed-out flow and the sensor is between 1.2 and 1.5.

14. The turbomachine according to claim 13, wherein during operation, the pressure ratio between the mixed-out flow and the sensor is 1.4.

15. The turbomachine according to claim 1, wherein the at least one measuring device is arranged in at least one chosen from an air conduction system and a hot gas path of a compressor or a turbine.

16. A measuring method, comprising: providing: a turbomachine comprising: a guide vane; a rotor blade; and a measuring device comprising: at least one suction intake opening for suctioning a fluid from an area of a mixed-out flow, wherein the at least one suction intake opening is arranged at a distance from a wall that delimits a path of the mixed-out flow; a sensor, wherein the sensor is at least one chosen from a temperature sensor, a sensor for measuring a concentration of at least one substance, a sensor for determining a particle size of a flow containing particles, a sensor for determining an air humidity, and a sensor for determining an oil content in a gas; a fluid channel between the at least one suction intake opening and the sensor, wherein the fluid channel completely separates the sensor from the path of the mixed-out flow; wherein the measuring device is arranged between the guide vane and the rotor blade; suctioning a fluid in from an area of the mixed-out flow at the at least one suction intake opening; and conducting the fluid suctioned through the fluid channel to the sensor wherein the fluid channel is configured such that the fluid suctioned at the at least one suction intake opening flows in an impoundment-free manner.

17. A turbomachine comprising: a guide vane; a rotor blade; and a measuring device comprising: at least one suction intake opening for suctioning a fluid from an area of a mixed-out flow, wherein the at least one suction intake opening is arranged at a distance from a wall that delimits a path of the mixed-out flow; a sensor; a fluid channel between the at least one suction intake opening and the sensor, wherein the fluid channel includes a free length, and wherein the free length is a portion of the fluid channel from the at least one suction intake opening to the wall that delimits the path of the mixed-out flow; wherein the fluid suctioned at the at least one suction intake opening flows through the fluid channel to the sensor, wherein the fluid channel is configured such that the fluid suctioned at the at least one suction intake opening flows in an impoundment-free manner, and wherein a ratio of the free length and a diameter of the fluid channel is between 0.5 and 1.5; wherein the measuring device is arranged between the guide vane and the rotor blade.

18. The turbomachine according to claim 17, wherein the ratio of the free length and the diameter of the fluid channel is 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention is explained in connection with the exemplary embodiments shown in the Figures.

(2) FIG. 1 shows a schematic drawing of an embodiment of a measuring device.

(3) FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of the measuring device.

(4) FIG. 3A shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of the measuring device.

(5) FIG. 3B shows a perspective rendering of the embodiment according to FIG. 3A.

(6) FIG. 4A shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of the measuring device.

(7) FIG. 4B shows a perspective rendering of the embodiment according to FIG. 4A.

(8) FIG. 5A shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of the measuring device.

(9) FIG. 5B shows a perspective rendering of the embodiment according to FIG. 5A.

(10) FIG. 5C shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of the measuring device,

(11) FIG. 6 shows a perspective arrangement of an embodiment in the area of a guide vane.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(12) The characterization of the fluid in complex flows is relevant for understanding and improving modern turbomachines in many respects. FIG. 1 shows a measuring device 10 for a flow in a turbomachine, in particular in an aircraft engine, by means of which effects of a boundary layer GS on the measurement result can be minimized.

(13) Here, the boundary layer GS is formed during operation directly at a wall 5. A typical boundary layer thickness of a flow in an aircraft engine is in the range of 0.5 mm.

(14) An area of the mixed-out flow AS is formed in the core of the flow, with the main flow direction HS being indicated in FIG. 1.

(15) In the embodiment shown herein, a suction intake opening 1 serves for suctioning-in fluid from the area of the mixed-out flow AS, wherein the at least one suction intake opening 1 is arranged at a distance from the wall 5 delimiting the flow, and fluid that is suctioned in through a fluid channel 2 is conductedwithout any impoundment in the interior of the fluid channel 2to a sensor device 3 (e.g. a temperature measuring device). What is meant by impoundment-free here is in particular that no stagnation pressure is measured in the fluid channel 2.

(16) Thus, with the suction intake opening 1 at the tip, the fluid channel 2 projects into the flow as a kind of snorkel. Due to the distance of the suction intake opening 1 from the boundary layer GS, boundary layer effects are minimized during measurement. The ratio of the free length (i.e. the distance B of the suction intake opening 1 from the wall 5) of the fluid channel 2 in the flow and the characteristic diameter of the fluid channel 2 can be between 0.5 and 1.5, in particular 1. This free length can also be 2 to 10 times the boundary layer as it is formed during operation.

(17) A concrete application example is the monitoring of the turbine cooling air temperature, that is schematically shown in FIG. 2. Here, the intermediate space between a guide vane 20 and a rotor blade 21 is shown, inside of which a flow AS has formed that is mixed-out in the central area of the intermediate space. At the guide vane 20, a boundary layer GS is formed at the wall 5 for the flow.

(18) The current state of the art provides systems in which the entry channel ends flush with the wall and thus suctions off fluid from the metal surface of the walls that delimit the flow. As a result, the measurement of the fluid characteristics, such as for example the fluid temperature, is influenced by high grade three-dimensional boundary layer effects. This results in substantial disadvantages, such as for example a circumferential variation with a high amplitude. This is disadvantageous in particular in the case that the characterization of the flow is to be realized by suctioning off fluid at just a few positions that are distributed around the circumference. The high range of variation contributes to the need to have a high security factor available.

(19) In order to achieve a reduction of this high circumferential variation, the fluid is suctioned off from the mixed-out flow AS in a manner that is not flush with the wall, but rather with a suction intake opening 1 at the tip of a fluid channel 2. In this manner, the fluid is suctioned off from the core area of the flow, the mixed-out flow AS, instead of from the boundary layer GS of the flow. The fluid channel 2which in the present case is realized in the form of a small tubeprojects into the core flow (mixed-out flow AS) and is offset in a defined manner from the metal surface of the wall 5 that delimits the fluid. FIGS. 3A, 3B shows the basic embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in a sectional view (FIG. 3A) and a perspective view (FIG. 3B), so that the description of FIGS. 1 and 2 may be referred to.

(20) FIG. 3B shows that the fluid channel 2 projects with the suction intake opening 1 into the main flow HS with the mixed-out flow AS. What can also be seen in FIG. 3A is the distance B from the wall 5.

(21) Here, the suction intake opening 1 is oriented in parallel to the main flow HS, i.e. at an angle of 0.

(22) In an alternative embodiment that is shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, the suction intake opening 1 points in the direction of the main flow direction HS, i.e. an angle of 90 is present between the cross-sectional surface of A and the main flow direction HS. In alternative embodiments, the angle between the cross-sectional surface of the suction intake opening 1 and the main flow direction HS can also be between 0 and 90. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 4A, 4B, the fluid channel 2 is formed in a substantially T-shaped manner, wherein fluid enters through the suction intake opening 1 and is discharged again at the opposite end. In the part of the fluid channel that is positioned perpendicular thereto, the suctioned fluid is conducted to the sensor device 3. Thus here, as in the other embodiments, no impoundment is present (such as e.g. in a Pitot tube or in a device for stagnation temperature measurement) in the interior of the measuring device 10. In FIG. 4A, the distance B of the suction intake opening 1 from the wall 5 is shown.

(23) In the embodiment according to FIGS. 5A, B, not only one suction intake opening 1 but a plurality of suction intake openings 1 (FIG. 5C, wherein the two suction intake openings 1 are arranged at a distance between one another of between 90 and 120) arranged at the circumference of a substantially circular cylindrical flow body is used. The flow body, which comprises a part of the fluid channel 2 in the interior, is positioned substantially in parallel with respect to the main flow direction HS. The end 4, that [ . . . ] in the main flow direction HS is optimized with respect to fluid mechanics, i.e. it has a flow resistance that is as low as possible.

(24) In the embodiment that is shown herein, the suction intake openings 1 are arranged in a linear manner on the outer side of the circular cylindrical flow body. In an alternative embodiment, the suction intake openings 1 are arranged radially at the circumference. Here, the suction intake openings can be arranged so as to have an angular offset with respect to one other.

(25) The fluid channels shown so far were formed so as to be linear (e.g. FIG. 1) or linear in certain sections (e.g. FIGS. 3A, 3B).

(26) In principle, it is also possible that the fluid channels 2 are embodied so as to be at least partially curved. Also, the fluid channel 2 can have a different shape on the outside than the fluid-conducting part on the inside.

(27) FIG. 6 shows a section from the area of a guide vane 20. The fluid channel 2 projects with a suction intake opening 1 into the mixed-out flow AS. The temperature sensor device 3 is arranged in the interior. A pressure ratio of between 1.2 and 1.5, in particular 1.4, is present between the mixed-out flow AS and the sensor device.

PARTS LIST

(28) 1 suction intake opening of the measuring device 2 fluid channel of the measuring device 3 sensor device 4 tip of the measuring device optimized with respect to fluid mechanics 5 wall of the flow 10 measuring device 20 guide vane (stator) 21 rotor blade (rotor) AS mixed-out flow GS boundary layer flow HS main flow direction B distance of the suction intake opening from the wall F suctioned-in fluid