Glaucoma drainage implant

Abstract

A glaucoma drainage implant comprising a pressure relief valve via which aqueous humor can be drained. The pressure relief valve has a pressure relief flap which is movably connected with a base plate of the implant, which is to be embedded in a sclera, wherein the pressure relief flap has an actuation area by means of which the pressure relief flap can be mobilized non-invasively during a post-operative healing phase or thereafter. The actuation area is preferably designed as a thermomechanically active area.

Claims

1. A glaucoma drainage implant comprising a pressure relief valve via which aqueous humor can be drained, wherein the pressure relief valve has a pressure relief flap which is movably connected with a base plate of the implant, which is to be embedded in a sclera, wherein the pressure relief flap has an actuation area by means of which the pressure relief flap can be mobilized non-invasively during a post-operative healing phase or thereafter, and wherein the actuation area has a thermomechanically active area comprising a shape-memory material with a two-way memory effect, such that the pressure relief flap can be mobilized non-invasively by a change in electromagnetic radiation.

2. The implant of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is heat.

3. A glaucoma drainage implant comprising a pressure relief valve via which aqueous humor can be drained, wherein the pressure relief valve has a pressure relief flap which is movably connected with a base plate of the implant, which is to be embedded in a sclera, wherein the pressure relief flap has an actuation area by means of which the pressure relief flap can be mobilized non-invasively during a post-operative healing phase or thereafter, and wherein the actuation area has a thermomechanically active area comprising a shape-memory material with a two-way memory effect, such that the pressure relief flap can be mobilized non-invasively by a change in temperature.

4. The implant of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is light.

5. The implant of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is infrared radiation.

6. A glaucoma drainage implant comprising a pressure relief valve via which aqueous humor can be drained, wherein the pressure relief valve has a pressure relief flap which is movably connected with a base plate of the implant, which is to be embedded in a sclera, wherein the pressure relief flap has an actuation area by means of which the pressure relief flap can be mobilized non-invasively during a post-operative healing phase or thereafter, and wherein the actuation area has a thermomechanically active area comprising a shape-memory material with a two-way memory effect, such that the pressure relief flap can be mobilized non-invasively by a change in induction heating.

7. A glaucoma drainage implant comprising a pressure relief valve via which aqueous humor can be drained, wherein the pressure relief valve has a pressure relief flap which is movably connected with a base plate of the implant, which is to be embedded in a sclera wherein the pressure relief flap has an actuation area b means of which the pressure relief flap can be mobilized non-invasively during a post-operative healing phase or thereafter, wherein the pressure relief flap is movably connected with the base plate via an attachment area which serves as a flexure joint.

8. A glaucoma drainage implant comprising a pressure relief valve via which aqueous humor can be drained, wherein the pressure relief valve has a pressure relief flap which is movably connected with a base plate of the implant, which is to be embedded in a sclera, wherein the pressure relief flap has an actuation area by means of which the pressure relief flap can be mobilized non-invasively during a post-operative healing phase or thereafter, and wherein the base plate is step-shaped, the base plate having a greater thickness in an attachment area of the pressure relief flap than in an opening region of the pressure relief flap opposite the attachment area.

9. The implant of claim 1, wherein the pressure relief flap is framed by the base plate.

10. The implant of claim 1, wherein the pressure relief flap includes silicone.

11. The implant of claim 1, wherein the pressure relief flap has surface structuring on the side facing a cornea.

12. The implant of claim 1, wherein in the pressure relief valve is designed not to drain aqueous humor until the intraocular pressure exceeds 20 mBar (15 mmHg).

13. A method of implanting a glaucoma drainage implant into a human or animal eye, the method comprising the steps of: creating a scleral bed in a sclera of the eye, said scleral bed having a drainage channel; implanting a glaucoma drainage implant into the scleral bed in such a way that the base plate closes the scleral bed water-tightly, the glaucoma drainage implant comprising a pressure relief valve via which aqueous humor can be drained, wherein the pressure relief valve has a pressure relief flap which is movably connected with a base plate of the implant, which is to be embedded in a sclera, and wherein the pressure relief flap has an actuation area by means of which the pressure relief flap can be mobilized non-invasively during a post-operative healing phase or thereafter; and non-invasively mobilizing the pressure relief flap, during or after a post-operative healing phase for the implant; wherein the step of non-invasively mobilizing is by means of an energy source which generates a temperature gradient.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional side view of a first preferred embodiment of the glaucoma drainage implant according to the invention, in the implanted position inside an eye;

(2) FIG. 1B is a schematic side and top view of a preferred embodiment of the glaucoma drainage implant according to the invention;

(3) FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C are cross-sectional side views of a prior art glaucoma drainage implant, in a normal position following implantation with an adverse outcome; and

(4) FIGS. 3A and 3B are a second preferred embodiment of the glaucoma drainage implant according to the invention, following implantation with an advantageous outcome.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

(5) In the Figures, the same or corresponding elements or units are each provided with the same and/or the corresponding reference signs. When an element or a unit has already been described with reference to a particular Figure, a detailed description is dispensed with when discussing another Figure. However, it is to be understood that the present disclosure may assume various alternative orientations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification, are simply exemplary embodiments of the inventive concepts defined in the appended claims. Hence, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics relating to the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting, unless the claims expressly state otherwise. The drawings referenced herein are schematic and associated views thereof are not necessarily drawn to scale.

(6) A preferred variant of the glaucoma drainage implant according to the invention shall now be described with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B.

(7) FIG. 1A shows a human eye 100 in a cross section close to the corneal limbus. The cornea 107, in the lower part of which Schlemm's canal 105 is drawn, can be seen in the upper part of FIG. 1A.

(8) A scleral bed 102 with a drainage channel 109 is formed in the sclera 101. The scleral bed 102 may be produced by means of a laser, for example, or may also be prepared manually.

(9) A glaucoma drainage implant 10 is embedded in scleral bed 102. Implant 10 functions as a pressure relief valve via which the aqueous humor can be drained. Implant 10 functioning as a pressure relief valve has a pressure relief flap 13, which is movably connected with a base plate 12 of implant 10, which is embedded in the sclera 101.

(10) As can be seen from FIG. 1A, base plate 12 is fitted into scleral bed 102 in such a way that the latter is laterally sealed against the sclera 101, so that, apart from the path via drainage channel 109 and pressure relief flap 13, no aqueous humor can drain off.

(11) Drainage channel 109 is formed at the bottom of scleral bed 102. In the embodiment shown in a FIG. 1A, implant 10 is disk-shaped and is shown here in cross section. The implant has a thickness of at most 0.8 mm (in the radial direction R in respect of eye 100) and a width of at most 6 mm (in relation to tangential direction T).

(12) Annular base plate 12 laterally surrounds pressure relief flap 13. Pressure relief flap 13 is movably connected with base plate 12 via an attachment area 12. The attachment area serves as a flexure joint. The opening region 12 of pressure relief flap 13 is located on the opposite side.

(13) As can likewise be seen from FIG. 1A, base plate 12 is step-shaped, in relation to the radial direction R, base plate 12 having a greater thickness in attachment area 12 than in the opening region 12 opposite attachment area 12.

(14) In the condition shown in FIG. 1A, pressure relief flap 13 is slightly open, so it is possible for an amount of aqueous humor to drain through drainage channel 109 and the implant functioning as a valve.

(15) As can also be seen from FIG. 1A, pressure relief flap 13 projects, at least in a portion thereof, over and beyond drainage channel 109, so it is possible to close the drainage channel by means of pressure relief flap 13, or to open it again in the event of excessive pressure. The implant functioning as a pressure relief valve is designed not to drain aqueous humor until the intraocular pressure exceeds 20 mBar.

(16) As can be seen from FIG. 1B, pressure relief flap 13 has a thermomechanically active area 17, such that pressure relief flap 13 can be mobilized non-invasively by means of heat (produced by laser irradiation or inductively) in a post-operative healing phase.

(17) In the embodiment shown here, thermomechanical area 17 is provided in the form of a metal plate which consists of a shape-memory alloy and which is enclosed inside pressure relief flap 13 and attachment area 12. Pressure relief flap 13 and attachment area 12 consist, apart from the thermomechanical areas, of silicone.

(18) The implant can be affixed to the sclera by a thread using eyelets 20 attached to the implant.

(19) If infrared laser radiation 300, for example, is beamed in the direction of the thermomechanical area 17, a torque acts upon pressure relief flap 13 such that the latter is moved in the radial direction, which is upward in FIG. 1A, and in such a manner is mobilized and opened.

(20) When the thermomechanical part of the valve cools down to body temperature, pressure relief flap 13 closes automatically due to shape recovery of the attachment area 12 which serves as a flexure joint and via which pressure relief flap 13 is connected with base plate 12. If the intraocular pressure is less than 20 mBar, pressure relief flap 13 closes completely.

(21) FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C show a prior art glaucoma drainage implant in a normal position following implantation with an adverse outcome.

(22) FIG. 2A shows the normal position of an implant 4 in the eye for draining aqueous humor 3. The sclera 2 and the trabecular meshwork 5 have been surgically perforated 9. The aqueous humor 3 flowing out of the anterior chamber through an implant opening is held back by the conjunctiva 1, under which a bleb usually forms. The Figure also shows the cornea 6 of the eye, the iris 8 and the lens 7.

(23) In FIG. 2B, the condition immediately after implantation of the implant is shown. The implant 4 is located between the conjunctiva 1 and the sclera 2. The sclera is interrupted by an aperture which is surgically cut and where the aqueous humor 3 flows through an opening in the implant to the outside under the conjunctiva, where it forms a bleb.

(24) FIG. 2C shows the condition after implantation. The opening of the implant is clogged by fibrotic deposits 5. Aqueous humor 3 can no longer drain freely.

(25) FIGS. 3A and 3B show a second preferred embodiment of the glaucoma drainage implant 10 according to the invention, following implantation with an advantageous outcome.

(26) As can be seen from FIG. 3A, the glaucoma drainage implant 10 functions as a pressure relief valve 11 via which the aqueous humor 3 can be drained. Pressure relief valve 11 has a pressure relief flap 13 which is movably connected with a base plate 12 of implant 10, which is to be embedded in sclera 2. Pressure relief flap 13 has an actuation area in the form of a thermomechanically active area comprising a shape-memory material 17 with a two-way memory effect, by means of which the pressure relief flap 13 can be non-invasively mobilized during a post-operative healing phase or thereafter. Pressure relief flap 13 is movably connected with base plate 12 via an attachment area 12 which serves as a flexure joint.

(27) In FIG. 3A, an opening in implant 10, to be released by pressure relief flap 13, is clogged by fibrotic deposits 5.

(28) FIG. 3A shows the condition after the movable pressure relief flap 13 has been moved one or more times. The movement has ensured that the fibrotic deposits are broken up and that the path of the aqueous humor 3 to the outside (in the direction shown by the arrows) has been cleared.

(29) Pressure relief flap 13 is mobilized by means of an infrared source 300 with which an amount of heat W is transferred to the thermomechanically active area comprising the shape-memory material 17.

(30) It will be understood that any described processes or steps within described processes may be combined with other disclosed processes or steps to form structures within the scope of the present disclosure. The exemplary structures and processes disclosed herein are for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting.

(31) It will be understood by one having ordinary skill in the art that construction of the present disclosure and other components is not limited to any specific material. Other exemplary embodiments of the disclosure disclosed herein may be formed from a wide variety of materials, unless described otherwise herein.

(32) It is also important to note that the construction and arrangement of the elements of the present disclosure as shown in the exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments of the present innovations have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that, unless otherwise described, many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements shown as multiple parts may be integrally formed, the operation of the interfaces may be reversed or otherwise varied, the length or width of the structures and/or members or connector or other elements of the system may be varied, the nature or number of adjustment positions provided between the elements may be varied. It should be noted that the elements and/or assemblies of the system may be constructed from any of a wide variety of materials that provide sufficient strength or durability, in any of a wide variety of colors, textures, and combinations. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present innovations. Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be made in the design, operating positions, and arrangement of the desired and other exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present innovations.

(33) It is also to be understood that variations and modifications can be made on the aforementioned structures and methods without departing from the concepts of the present invention, and further it is to be understood that such concepts are intended to be covered by the following claims unless these claims by their language expressly state otherwise.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

(34) 3 Aqueous humor 5 Trabecular meshwork 5 Fibrotic deposits 6, 107 Cornea 7 Lens 8 Iris 10, 10 Glaucoma drainage implant 11, 11 Part of the implant acting as pressure relief valve 12 Base plate 12 Attachment area 12 Opening region 13, 13 Pressure relief flap 17 Shape memory material 20 Eyelet 100 Eye 2, 101 Sclera 102 Scleral bed 1, 103 Conjunctiva 105 Schlemm's canal 9, 109 Surgical perforation, drainage channel 300 Infrared source W Heat