Prefabricated former for constructing underground chamber

Abstract

A prefabricated former for an underground pump station comprises: a floor former; a plurality of vertical support elements; a side wall secured to and surrounding the plurality of vertical support elements, the side wall having an inner layer and an outer layer defining a cavity therebetween, and an opening at an upper end of the side wall in communication with the cavity for receiving concrete, the side wall extending both above and below the floor former for defining a space above the floor former and a space below the floor former, and an opening being provided between the cavity and the space below the floor former enabling concrete to flow through the cavity and into the space below the floor former; when set, the concrete forming a unitary wall and base.

Claims

1. A prefabricated former for an underground pumping station comprising: a floor former; a plurality of vertical support elements, wherein each vertical support element is joined to the floor former around a periphery of the floor former; a side wall secured to and surrounding the plurality of vertical support elements, the side wall having an inner layer and an outer layer defining a cavity therebetween, the inner layer and outer layer extending below the floor former, wherein the inner layer extends less far than the outer layer towards a bottom end of the side wall, and an opening at an upper end of the side wall in communication with the cavity for receiving concrete, the side wall extending both above and below the floor former for defining a space above the floor former and a space below the floor former, and an opening being provided between the cavity and the space below the floor former enabling concrete to flow through the cavity and into the space below the floor former; when set, the concrete forming a unitary wall and base.

2. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 1, in which the side wall has an octagonal cross-section, and wherein the floor former includes a flange with an octagonal cross-section for lying against the side wall.

3. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 1, in which the side wall is made of a plastics material.

4. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 1, in which the floor former is fluid-tight and/or the portion of the side wall above the floor former is fluid-tight.

5. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 1, in which the floor former is substantially concave.

6. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 1, in which the floor former includes a central planar portion and an outer angled portion which is angled with respect to the central planar portion, wherein the outer angled portion extends from the central planar portion to the side wall.

7. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 1, in which the floor former is formed of glass reinforced plastic or steel.

8. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a roof attached to an upper end of each of the plurality of vertical support elements.

9. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 8, in which the roof, the portion of the side wall above the floor former and the floor former collectively define a fluid-tight chamber.

10. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 8, in which the roof includes an access opening disposed vertically above the space above the floor former, the access opening being sized for allowing access for repair or maintenance by an operative.

11. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 10, in which the access opening is surrounded by a vertical rim joined to the roof, the vertical rim protruding from an upper surface of the roof and being joined to an edge of the access opening.

12. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 8, in which the inner layer of the side wall abuts an edge of the roof and the outer layer of the side wall extends past and above the roof.

13. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 1, in which the side wall includes a utility conduit opening for receiving a utility conduit.

14. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a mid plate attached at its periphery to the plurality of vertical support elements and spaced from the floor former, wherein the mid plate includes an opening for allowing an operative to pass through the mid plate.

15. A method of constructing a subterranean pumping chamber, comprising excavating a hole in the ground or utilising an existing hole, placing a prefabricated former as claimed in claim 1 in the hole below ground level; introducing concrete into the cavity of the side wall so that the concrete flows down the cavity and into the space below the floor former.

16. A method as claimed in claim 15, further comprising the step of mechanically agitating the concrete before the concrete has set.

17. A method as claimed in claim 15, further comprising the step of introducing material around the prefabricated former to bury the prefabricated former.

18. A method as claimed in claim 15, in which the prefabricated former includes a roof attached to an upper end of the plurality of support elements, and the concrete extends over the roof of the prefabricated former.

19. A prefabricated former for an underground pumping station comprising: a floor former; a plurality of vertical support elements, wherein each of the plurality vertical support elements extends both above and below the floor former; and a side wall secured to and surrounding the plurality of vertical support elements, the side wall having an inner layer and an outer layer defining a cavity therebetween, and an opening at an upper end of the side wall in communication with the cavity for receiving concrete, the side wall extending both above and below the floor former for defining a space above the floor former and a space below the floor former, and an opening being provided between the cavity and the space below the floor former enabling concrete to flow through the cavity and into the space below the floor former; when set, the concrete forming a unitary wall and base.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) For a better understanding of the present invention, and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made by way of example only to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a partially cross-sectional perspective view of a prefabricated former for an underground pump station;

(3) FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the prefabricated former of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the prefabricated former of FIG. 1 without a side wall; and

(5) FIG. 4 shows a partial cross-sectional schematic perspective view of the prefabricated former of FIG. 1.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(6) Referring firstly to FIGS. 1 and 2, a prefabricated former for an underground pump station is indicated generally at 10.

(7) The former includes a side wall 12. The side wall 12 has an inner layer 14 and an outer layer 16 defining a cavity therebetween. Each of the inner layer 14 and outer layer 16 has the form of an octagonal prism, i.e. forming a circumferential and continuous wall, for example, with an octagonal cross section when viewed from above. The inner layer 14 and the outer layer 16 are concentric. The inner layer 14 has a smaller cross-section than the outer layer 16. The side wall is made from plastics and is waterproof.

(8) The inner layer 14 has a shorter length, or areas of shorter length than the outer layer 16. The continuous inner layer 14 has a lower end, which is situated above an upper end of the outer layer 16. The inner layer 14 has an upper end which is situated substantially below the upper end of the outer layer 16. Alternative inner layer designs are possible, as long as a continuous inner layer is provided around one area for forming a chamber, and there are spaces or gaps 17 in the inner layer close to the bottom forming openings for allowing concrete to flow out of the cavity.

(9) Between the inner layer 14 and outer layer 16, a plurality of webs 18 is provided. Each web is a planar elongate element, having a first long edge and a second long edge. The first long edge of each web 18 is joined to the outer layer 16 and the second long edge of each web is joined to the inner layer 14. Each web therefore bridges the cavity between the inner and outer layers 14, 16. Each web includes a plurality of apertures (not shown) for allowing concrete to flow past the webs during pouring.

(10) At the upper end of the side wall 12, the cavity is open for providing an entry point or opening 19 for concrete to be poured between the layers of the wall.

(11) The prefabricated former also includes a floor former 20. The floor former 20 is a concave element. The floor former 20 is defined by an edge which follows the profile of the inner layer 14 of the side wall 12. The floor former 20 is disposed within the side wall 12. The floor former 20 divides the volume within the inner layer 14 of the side wall 12 into a volume above the floor former 12 and a volume below the floor former 12.

(12) The floor former 20 includes a central planar portion 28 and an outer angled portion 30 which is angled up and away, for example, at around 120 degrees towards the side wall from the periphery of the central planar portion 28. A circumferential flange 31 extends around the upper edge of the angled portion 30. The circumferential flange 31 is disposed vertically, as viewed and in use. The circumferential flange 31 lies against and is sealed to the inner layer 14 of the side wall 12. The central planar portion 28 lies horizontally in use.

(13) The outer angled portion 30 includes a plurality of recesses 32. The recesses 32 are formed by the meeting of corners of the central planar portion 28 with substantially vertical joining surfaces, the joining surfaces connecting the corners of the central planar portion 28 to the outer angled portion. The recesses 32 allow the central planar portion to have a larger footprint for accommodating rectangular based objects, such as pumping apparatus.

(14) The floor former 20 is fluid-tight. The floor former 20 is sealed to the inner layer 14 of the side wall 12. There is therefore no internal fluid flow path from the area above the floor former 20 to the area below the floor former 20.

(15) The floor former 20 is preferably made of glass reinforced plastic, but may be made from steel, preferably galvanised steel.

(16) The prefabricated former 10 also includes a roof 22. The roof 22 is a planar member defined by an edge having a profile matching the interior layer 14 of the side wall 12. The roof 22 is made of steel.

(17) The roof 22 is joined to the inner layer 14 of the side wall 12. This join is fluid-tight. Specifically, the roof 22 is joined to the upper edge of the inner layer 14. The outer layer 16 projects above the roof 22 and upper edge of the inner layer 14.

(18) An access opening 24 is provided in the roof 22. The access opening 24 is closable by a hatch (not shown).

(19) A rim 26 is provided around the access opening 24. The rim 26 is a wall protruding from an upper surface of the roof 26. The rim 26 describes a closed path around the opening 24. In this embodiment, the rim 26 is joined to the edge of the opening 24.

(20) Referring now to FIG. 3, the prefabricated former 10 is shown without the side wall 12.

(21) The prefabricated former 10 includes a plurality of vertical support elements 34. Each vertical support element 34 is a length of steel bar. In this embodiment, there are four vertical support elements 34.

(22) Each vertical support element 34 is joined to the floor former 20 at a periphery of the floor former 20. Each vertical support element 34 is also joined to the roof 22 at a periphery of the roof 22.

(23) An upper end of each vertical support element 34 extends beyond an upper surface of the roof 22. The upper end of each vertical support element 43 includes an aperture 36 for receiving fittings for transportation, such as for connection to a crane.

(24) A lower end of each support element 34 extends below the central planar portion 28 of the floor former 20. When the former 10 is placed on a flat surface, it is supported via the support elements 34 and a clearance exists between the central planar portion 28 of the floor former 20 and the flat surface.

(25) The former 10 also includes a mid plate 38. The mid plate 38 is joined to each of the support elements 34 at its periphery. The mid plate 38 is situated substantially mid-way between the roof 22 and the floor former 20. The mid plate 38 is a planar member defined by an edge which conforms to the inner profile of the inner layer 14 of the side wall 12.

(26) FIG. 4 shows the former 10 disposed within a hole 100 of the ground, prior to re-filling with either excavated material or gravel. Concrete 102 has been introduced to the former 10 as discussed above. The concrete 102 is disposed in the space below the floor former 20 and in the cavity formed between the inner layer 14 and an outer layer 16 the side wall 12. In some embodiments, concrete 102 is disposed between the wall of the rim 26 and the outer layer 16 of the side wall 12.

(27) The mid plate 38 includes an opening 40 for allowing operatives to pass through the mid plate 38. The opening 40 is closable by means of a hatch 42.

(28) Although not illustrated here, the former 10 is provided with water pumping apparatus pre-installed to minimise on-site work.

(29) A method of constructing a subterranean pumping chamber using the prefabricated former 10 will now be described.

(30) The prefabricated former 10 is assembled off-site and transported to the installation site, typically by lorry. At the installation site, a hole is excavated in the ground, typically to a depth equal to the height of the former 10. The hole may be finished with gravel or sand bulk. The former 10 is placed in the hole, standing on the bottom ends of the vertical support elements 34. Concrete is introduced into the open upper end of the cavity of the side wall 12. The concrete flows down the cavity and enters the space below the floor former 20. While the concrete flows, the former 10 may be mechanically agitated to further liquefy the concrete and ease flow. Concrete pouring may be conducted in stages, allowing the concrete to at least partially set between each stage.

(31) The excavation is re-filled around the former 10, either with excavated material or gravel or sand bulk. Re-filling may take place during, before or after pouring of the concrete. Re-filling may take place in stages, corresponding to the staged concrete pouring.

(32) The use of the former provides reduced site preparation time, the use of less concrete and a highly predictable amount of concrete for a given size of chamber, a quicker installation time, a stronger integral structure and reduced risk of buoyancy problems arising, compared with current methods of construction of subterranean pumping chambers.

(33) These embodiments are provided by way of example only, and various changes and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.