Buagafuran active pharmaceutical ingredient, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

A method suitable for large-scale production of buagafuran active pharmaceutical ingredient. A buagafuran active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with a high purity prepared by the method includes an active ingredient of buagafuran, an impurity A, and an impurity B. In the buagafuran API, a content of the active ingredient of buagafuran is higher than 97.5%, and a total content of the impurity A and the impurity B is less than 0.04%. The buagafuran API can be applied to new drug development processes such as clinical research, pharmaceutical research and quality control research.

Claims

1. A method of preparing a buagafuran active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) comprising the following steps: Step i: reducing a compound 1 to form a compound 2; Step ii: oxidizing the compound 2 to form a compound 3; Step iii: reacting methyl vinyl ketone with the compound 3 in a cyclization reaction to form a compound 4; wherein structures of the compound 1, the compound 2, the compound 3, and the compound 4 are: ##STR00009## and further comprising: Step a: adding the compound 4 to a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating and stirring, then cooling after a reaction is completed to obtain a first mixture, and adding a concentrated hydrochloric acid to adjust a pH of the first mixture to near-neutral and then performing extraction drying, filtration and filtrate concentration to form a compound 5; and Step b: dissolving the compound 5 in tert-butanol to obtain a second mixture, adding the second mixture to a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating and stirring, adding bromobutane to obtain a third mixture, adjusting a pH of the third mixture to near-neutral, filtering the third mixture to obtain a first filtrate, concentrating the first filtrate to obtain a concentrate, dissolving the concentrate in methanol, adding sodium borohydride, stirring to obtain a fourth mixture, adding: n-hexane and water to adjust a pH of the fourth mixture to acidity, separating out a n-hexane layer, and concentrating to obtain a crude buagafuran; wherein, structures of the compound 4, the compound 5 and the buagafuran are: ##STR00010##

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, after the step b, dissolving the crude buagafuran in ethanol, filtering to obtain a filtrate, cooling the filtrate to 10 C. to 20 C., performing a suction filtration to obtain a wet product of refined buagafuran, and drying the wet product to obtain a refined buagafuran API.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a diagram showing Part I of a quality inspection report of a buagafuran API provided by an entrusted manufacturer; and

(2) FIG. 2 is a diagram showing Part II of the quality inspection report of the buagafuran API provided by the entrusted manufacturer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

(3) The present invention will be further described in detail below along with specific embodiments. The following embodiments are used for the understanding of the method and the core idea of the present invention, and any possible variation or substitution made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention shall fall within the protective scope of the present invention.

(4) All the operations of the preparation process in the present invention are entrusted to Zhejiang Warrant Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. to complete in a GMP workshop, and the product quality inspection is carried out in accordance with the GMP management regulations. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and reagents used in the present invention are all chemically pure or have higher purity.

Embodiment 1 Preparation of Buagafuran API

(5) (1) Synthesis of Compound 2

(6) Under stirring, 40.8 kg of drinking water and 16.3 kg of potassium hydroxide were successively added until dissolved completely, and then 98.0 kg of methanol and 32.6 kg of zinc powder were sequentially added. The mixture was heated, refluxed and stirred, and L-carvone methanol solution was added slowly, then refluxed and stirred until the reaction is completed. Subsequently, the mixture was cooled, and filtered, and filter cake was rinsed with water. The temperature is controlled not to exceed 65 C., and the filtrate was decompressed and concentrated to remove methanol. The residue was stand and cooled, and then the oil layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with n-hexane. The oil layer was combined with n-hexane, and washed with drinking water to near neutrality. Drying and filtering were performed, and the n-hexane was subjected to reduced pressure distillation. The remaining material was continuously subjected to reduced pressure rectification with a high vacuum pump to distill a fraction having a boiling point of 60 C.70 C. (2-3 mmHg of fraction) to obtain the compound 2 (bp 74 C./2 mmHg, nd 1.470, yield: 86.2%).

(7) (2) Synthesis of Compound 3

(8) 31.6 kg of concentrated sulfuric acid was slowly added to 37.0 kg of drinking water under stirring, compound 2 was added, and stirring was continued until the reaction was completed. The mixture was extracted with n-hexane, washed, dried, filtered, and subjected to reduced pressure distillation. After the reduced pressure distillation was completed, 44.1 kg of isopropyl ether was continuously pumped into the mixture, stirred until dissolved completely to obtain the compound 3 isopropyl ether mixture. Compound 3: EI MS (m/z) 170 (M.sup.+).

(9) (3) Synthesis of Compound 4

(10) The compound 3 isopropyl ether mixture obtained in the previous step was added under stirring. After the addition, the mixture was further stirred and cooled to 0 C.10 C., and a pre-prepared potassium hydroxide/ethanol solution (a solution prepared with 1.9 kg of potassium hydroxide and 5.7 kg of ethanol) was slowly added to the system. After the addition of the pre-prepared potassium hydroxide/ethanol solution, the stirring was continued. The mixture was cooled to about 10 C., and a mixed solution of methyl vinyl ketone and isopropyl ether (including 6.7 kg of methyl vinyl ketone and 16.5 kg of isopropyl ether) was added dropwise. After the dropwise addition was completed, the reaction mixture was continuously stirred, and 3.3 kg of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added slowly to adjust the pH of the system to near neutrality. The suction filtration was carried out, and the filter cake was rinsed with isopropyl ether and dried under vacuum at room temperature to obtain compound 4 (yield: 83.3%).

(11) Compound 4: [].sub.D.sup.15=+56.9; .sup.1HNMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD, ): 2.83 (d, 1H), 2.60 (dt, 1H), 2.16-1.97 (m, 3H), 1.83-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.42 (m, 1H), 1.36-1.20 (m, 4H), 1.13 (s, 3H), 1.06 (s, 6H); .sup.13CNMR (100 MHz, CD.sub.3OD, ): 212.6 (CO), 76.3 (COH), 72.8 (COH), 54.3, 44.3, 38.4, 37.7, 36.8, 35.8, 32.8, 27.3, 27.2, 22.6, 22.1; EI MS (m/z): 240 (M.sup.+), 222 ([M-H.sub.2O].sup.+), 207, 164, 149, 126.

(12) (4) Synthesis of Compound 5

(13) Under stirring, 41.8 kg of drinking water and 2.2 kg of potassium hydroxide were added in sequence. The compound 4 obtained in the previous step was slowly added. The mixture was continuously stirred, heated and refluxed until the reaction was completed. Then the mixture after the reaction was cooled, and the concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the system to near neutrality. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, dried, and filtered, and the reduced pressure distillation was performed to recover dichloromethane. Subsequently, 8.0 kg of tert-butanol was added to obtain the compound 5/tert-butanol mixture for the next reaction.

(14) Compound 5: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, ) 5.80 (s, 1H), 1.09-2.65 (m, 11H), 1.30 (s, 3H), 1.18 (s, 3H), 1.15 (s, 3H); EI MS (m/z) 222 (M.sup.+).

(15) (5) Synthesis of Buagafuran

(16) 2.8 kg of potassium hydroxide was dissolved in 59.5 kg of tert-butanol under stirring until dissolved completely, and the compound 5/tert-butanol solution obtained in the previous step was added. After the addition, the mixture was heated to reflux, a mixture of bromobutane and tert-butanol (including 6.2 kg of bromobutane and 4.5 kg of tert-butanol) was added dropwise, and the stirring was continued until the reaction was completed. The mixture was cooled, and the concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the system to near neutral. The filtering was performed, and the filtrate was decompressed and concentrated. 31.0 kg of methanol was added into the residual viscous material until residual viscous material was dissolved completely, and 2.7 kg of sodium borohydride was added until the reaction was completed. 10.0 kg of drinking water was added and the stirring was continued. Further, 39.0 kg of n-hexane was added, and the stirring was continued. The pH of the system was adjusted to 3.0 to 4.0 with hydrochloric acid, and then the stirring was continued until the reaction was completed. The mixture was stand for delamination, and n-hexane layer was taken, washed with water, dried, and filtered. The filtrate was decompressed and concentrated, and purified by silica-gel column chromatography with the eluent of a mixture containing petroleum ether and ethyl acetate having a ratio of 40-80:1, so that the crude buagafuran was obtained in a yield of 85.2%. Impurity A and impurity B were also collected during the column chromatography. The yield of the impurity A was 1.9%; and the yield of the impurity B was 1.3%.

(17) Buagafuran: [].sub.D.sup.20=+22.5 (absolute ethanol), .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ) 0.92 (s, 3H), 0.92 (t, 3H), 1.05 (dd, 1H), 1.19 (dd, 1H), 1.24 (s, 3H), 1.28-1.45 (m, 4H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 1.60-1.71 (m, 4H), 1.75 (dd, 1H), 1.80-2.05 (m, 5H), 2.22 (dd, 1H), 5.58 (dd, 1H); .sup.13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ) 85.27, 136.37, 125.91, 22.48, 32.91, 36.92, 34.47, 24.41, 44.10, 80.74, 32.60, 30.77, 22.83, 31.27, 14.06, 21.89, 22.83, 30.34; EI MS (m/z) 262 (M.sup.+).

(18) Impurity A: .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ): 0.88 (t, 6H); 1.06 (s, 3H); 1.20-1.41 (m, 20H); 1.76-2.02 (m, 5H); 4.49 (s, 1H); 5.29 (s, 1H); 5.37 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 1H); 5.51 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 1H); EI MS (m/z) 318 (M.sup.+).

(19) Impurity B: .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ): 0.93 (t, 3H), 1.04 (s, 3H), 1.30 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 3H), 1.98 (d, 1H), 2.76 (d, 1H), 5.91 (br.s, 1H); EI MS (m/z) 276 (M.sup.+).

(20) (6) Refining of Buagafuran The ethanol was added to the crude buagafuran, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for dissolution, and filtering was performed. The solution was cooled to 20 C. to 10 C., stirred for 30 minutes while keeping the temperature, and suction filtration was performed. A wet product of the buagafuran finished product was obtained. The wet product was dried at a vacuum degree greater than or equal to 0.090 Mpa, the drying temperature was 20 C. to 30 C., and the yield is 87.2%. After detecting, the purity of buagafuran in the refined product was greater than or equal to 97.5%, and the total content of impurity A and impurity B was less than or equal to 0.04%. The buagafuran API refined product has a certain amount of ethanol residue and the buagafuran enantiomer impurity not higher than 0.02%.

(21) Conclusion: The total yield of the buagafuran API obtained through the steps described in Embodiment 1 was 24.35.8%.

Embodiment 2 Preparation of Buagafuran Capsules

(22) (1) Prescription (Calculated According to the Preparation of 1000 Capsules):

(23) TABLE-US-00001 Raw materials additive amount Buagafuran 10 g Povidone (PVP k-30) 150 g Anhydrous ethanol 500 mL Total 1000 capsules

(24) (2) Preparation Process of Capsules

(25) The buagafuran and PVP K-30 were weighed according to the prescribed amount and placed in a round-bottom flask, and anhydrous ethanol was added thereto. The mixture was stirred until completely dissolved, and then rotary evaporated under reduced pressure at 60 C. After dried to be completely cured, it was taken out, pulverized, and through a 40-mesh sieve. Then drying was performed in a vacuum drying oven at 70 C. for 4 hours to obtain solid dispersion granules, and the solid dispersion granules were filled into hard capsules for packaging.

Advantages of the Present Invention

(26) The present invention relates to a process for large-scale preparation of buagafuran API. The purpose of the present invention is to obtain high-purity buagafuran API samples, to clarify the structures of the impurities, and to control the content of the impurities, so that the API samples can be applied in new drug development processes such as clinical research, pharmaceutical research and quality control research.

(27) The present invention is an improvement on the basis of the existing small-scale process to obtain a pilot-scale process for preparing buagafuran samples of over kilogram grade. Specifically, (1) in the present invention, a method for improving the solvent conditions of the dehydration reaction in the existing small-scale process was developed, and the simplification and modification of the subsequent process steps were achieved, including using the one-pot method to perform the three steps of alkylation, reduction and cyclization, and performing the optimization of the reaction conditions and post-treatment operation mode to avoid column chromatography operations and realize the amplification of the pilot-scale process. During the process research, the inventors have unexpectedly discovered that when the compound 5 was prepared by dehydration reaction, if a single system of aqueous phase was used instead of the currently reported water/n-hexane or water/petroleum ether two-phase system for the dehydration reaction, during the subsequent butylation, reduction and cyclization reaction using the one-pot method, the content of the dibutyl-substituted by-product 8 in the system is detected to be only 4.6%, which was significantly lowered compared with the 15% impurity content of the optimal method disclosed in the prior art. Moreover, the inventors have found that the by-product impurity A, which was obtained by the dibutyl by-product 8 subjected to the reaction steps of the subsequent one-pot, only has a content of 1.9% in the crude buagafuran API. (2) In the present invention, it has been found that when hydrochloric acid was added for the final cyclization reaction step to form a bridged ring, impurity B was generated due to the acidity of hydrochloric acid, which was an oxide of buagafuran, and a yield of the impurity B is 1.3%. The impurity A and impurity B are related substances in the preparation process of buagafuran using the method of the present invention, which can be used as comparison substances for impurity detection in the quality control study of buagafuran.

(28) In addition, in the present invention, the refining method of buagafuran is systematically studied, and it is found that the optimal refinement solvent is ethanol, and the cooling temperature of the solution is 20 C. to 10 C. (Table 1). The yield and purity of the buagafuran obtained at this temperature are satisfactory, and the total content of the impurity A and the impurity B after refining can be controlled to less than 0.04%. The method is an efficient and economic refining method.

(29) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Screening results of refining conditions of buagafuran Num- Dissolving Cooling ber Solvent Temperature Temperature Yield Purity 1 petroleum room 0 C. 59.3% 91.5% ether temperature 2 petroleum room 20 C. to 10 C. 68.8% 95.5% ether temperature 3 petroleum room 78 C. 75.1% 91.1% ether temperature (liquid nitrogen) 4 ethyl 40 C. 0 C. 56.3% 92.4% alcohol 5 ethyl room 20 C. to 10 C. 87.2% 97.7% alcohol temperature 6 ethyl room 78 C. 86.6% 92.9% alcohol temperature (liquid nitrogen) 7 acetone 40 C. 0 C. 47.5% 94.4% 8 acetone room 20 C. to 10 C. 43.4% 93.7% temperature 9 acetone room 78 C. 44.1% 89.6% temperature (liquid nitrogen)

(30) Based on the above-mentioned improvement of the preparation process conditions and the operation mode, the total yield of the obtained buagafuran API was 24.35.8%, which was significantly improved compared with the original reported yield of 10.2%. The buagafuran API obtained by the method of the present invention has a purity of greater than or equal to 97.5%, which meets the API quality requirements of the new drug research and development, and can also be used as a standard substance for pharmaceutical research of buagafuran.