Taper reamer

Abstract

Provided is a taper reamer with which it is possible to achieve an improvement in machining accuracy and machining life. The taper reamer comprises a plurality of cutting edges each having a helical shape provided on the outer periphery of a cutting-edge portion having an external diameter being expanded from a front end toward a rear end thereof, wherein an intertooth angle, defined between each of a pair of the cutting edges adjacently arranged in a circumferential direction, is different from one another at any given reference position, and wherein the plurality of cutting edges each have a helix angle that is different from one another. As the plurality of cutting edges that are unequally partitioned each have the helix angle that is different from one another, a resonance during cutting can be prevented.

Claims

1. A taper reamer comprising: a cutting-edge portion having an external diameter being expanded from a front end toward a rear end of the cutting-edge portion; and three or more cutting edges each having a helical shape provided on the outer periphery of the cutting-edge portion, wherein an intertooth angle, defined between each of a pair of the cutting edges adjacently arranged in a circumferential direction, is different from one another at any given reference position, wherein the three or more cutting edges each have a helix angle that is different from one another, wherein a chip removal flute is formed between each of a pair of the cutting edges adjacently arranged in a circumferential direction, and wherein at least one of the intertooth angles is defined to be decreased from the front end toward the rear end, while the remaining intertooth angles are defined to be increased from the front end toward the rear end.

2. The taper reamer according to claim 1, wherein said given reference position is set to be at the front end of the cutting-edge portion.

3. The taper reamer according to claim 2, wherein the number of the cutting edges is three, and wherein one of the three intertooth angles is defined to be decreased from the front end toward the rear end, while the remaining two intertooth angles are defined to be increased from the front end toward the rear end, and a minimal intertooth angle at the rear end of the cutting edge portion is defined to be not smaller than 0.5 times as large as 120.

4. The taper reamer according to claim 3, wherein the minimal intertooth angle at the rear end of the cutting-edge portion is defined to be not smaller than 0.8 times as large as 120.

5. The taper reamer according to claim 4, wherein the three cutting edges, defined as first to third cutting edges, each have a helix angle that is different from one another, the third cutting edge is arranged next to the first cutting edge with reference to a revolving direction of the first cutting edge, and the second cutting edge is arranged next to the first cutting edge with reference to a counter-revolving direction of the first cutting edge, the third cutting edge has a helix angle larger than the helix angle of the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge has a helix angle smaller than the helix angle of the first cutting edge, and an intertooth angle defined between the second cutting edge and the third cutting edge is larger than any other intertooth angles at the front end of the cutting-edge portion, and an intertooth angle defined between the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge is smaller than any other intertooth angles at the front end of the cutting-edge portion.

6. The taper reamer according to claim 5, wherein the difference between the helix angle of the third cutting edge and the helix angle of the second cutting edge is smaller than or equal to 5.

7. The taper reamer according to claim 1, wherein the number of the cutting edges is three, and wherein one of the three intertooth angles is defined to be decreased from the front end toward the rear end, while the remaining two intertooth angles are defined to be increased from the front end toward the rear end, and a minimal intertooth angle at the rear end of the cutting edge portion is defined to be not smaller than 0.5 times as large as 120.

8. The taper reamer according to claim 7, wherein the minimal intertooth angle at the rear end of the cutting-edge portion is defined to be not smaller than 0.8 times as large as 120.

9. The taper reamer according to claim 8, wherein the three cutting edges, defined as first to third cutting edges, each have a helix angle that is different from one another, the third cutting edge is arranged next to the first cutting edge with reference to a revolving direction of the first cutting edge, and the second cutting edge is arranged next to the first cutting edge with reference to a counter-revolving direction of the first cutting edge, the third cutting edge has a helix angle larger than the helix angle of the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge has a helix angle smaller than the helix angle of the first cutting edge, and an intertooth angle defined between the second cutting edge and the third cutting edge is larger than any other intertooth angles at the front end of the cutting-edge portion, and an intertooth angle defined between the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge is smaller than any other intertooth angles at the front end of the cutting-edge portion.

10. The taper reamer according to claim 9, wherein the difference between the helix angle of the third cutting edge and the helix angle of the second cutting edge is smaller than or equal to 5.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a front side illustrating the first embodiment of the present invention.

(3) FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the first embodiment of the present invention.

(4) FIG. 4 is an enlarged front view illustrating the first embodiment of the present invention.

(5) FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view around a cutting edge thereof illustrating the first embodiment of the present invention.

(6) FIG. 6 is an explanatory drawing of the cutting-edge portion in which FIG. 6A is a front view, and FIGS. 6B to 6E each illustrate a cross-sectional view of the cutting-edge portion at a position away from the front end by a given pitch according to the first embodiment.

(7) FIG. 7 is an explanatory drawing of the cutting-edge portion in which the first cutting edges are shown on the top in FIGS. 6A to 6E.

(8) FIG. 8 is a graphic representation illustrating intertooth angles according to the first embodiment.

(9) FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating how the tapered hole is processed.

(10) FIG. 10 is an enlarged front view illustrating a second embodiment of the present invention.

(11) FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of the cutting-edge portion according to a third embodiment in which FIG. 11A is a front view, and FIGS. 11B to 11E each illustrate a cross-sectional view of the cutting-edge portion at a position away from the front end by a given pitch.

(12) FIG. 12 is an explanatory view of a tapered hole in which FIG. 12A illustrates a hole with defects caused by chatters, and FIG. 12B illustrates a hole having line-shaped marks made by chatters.

(13) FIG. 13 is an explanatory view of a tapered hole that is in a favorable machining state.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(14) Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below may not limit the scope of the present invention described in the claims. In addition, not all of the configurations described below are necessarily essential requirements of the present invention. As will be illustrated in each of the embodiments below, a non-conventional taper reamer may be obtained by adopting anew taper reamer which is different from the conventional one.

Embodiment 1

(15) FIGS. 1 to 9 illustrate embodiment 1 of the present invention in which a taper reamer 1 includes a shank portion 2 that is provided in a rear-end portion of the reamer to be gripped by a machine tool. The taper reamer 1 also includes a cutting-edge portion 3 in a front-end portion of the reamer in which the cutting-edge portion 3 is expanded in a tapered manner from the front end toward the rear end, and the cutting-edge portion 3 has a given taper angle t. On the outer periphery of the cutting-edge portion 3 is provided three cutting edges 11, 12, 13 (the number of the blades being three) between which a chip removal flute 21 is formed for each pair of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 that are adjacently arranged with each other in the circumferential direction.

(16) The taper reamer 1 is formed of a hard metal such as cemented carbide alloy. The taper reamer 1 rotates about the central axis 4 in the revolving direction T, with the shank portion 2 being held on a spindle of the machine tool, to be fed in the longitudinal direction to perform a cutting work on a workpiece.

(17) The cutting edges 11, 12, 13 are each formed in a spiral manner such that, on the outer circumference of the cutting-edge portion 3, the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 are each provided with a rake face 22 that faces toward the revolving direction T and that also fillips a part of the chip removal flute 21. To the counter-revolving direction side from each of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13, there is provided a margin 23 formed in an arc-like form along the circumferential direction. Provision of the margin 23 provides an effect of the burnishing effect, which results in a smooth machined surface and improved surface smoothness.

(18) A primary relief face 24 and a secondary relief face 25 are defined successively from the margin 23 toward the counter-revolving direction. As the primary relief face 24 and the secondary relief face 25 have different inclination angles from each other, an intersecting ridge line 26 is formed between them.

(19) The rake face 22 has a rake angle s of 1 to 10 (1 or more and 10 or less). In this example, the rake angle s is of 2 to 8. The margin 23 has a circumferential width Wm of about 0.08 to 0.35 mm, preferably about 0.13 to 0.3 mm. The margin 23 is formed in an arc-like manner along the circumferential direction, and the radius of the arc is about 10 to 30 mm.

(20) The primary relief face 24 has a circumferential width W1 of 0.3 to 0.62 mm, preferably about 0.35 to 0.57 mm. The angle 24 of the primary relief face 24 with respect to the tangential line of each of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 is about 8 to 18. Further, the angle 25 of the secondary relief face 25 with respect to the tangential line of each of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 is about 20 to 32, which is greater than the angle 24. The edge 25T of the secondary relief face 25 is located at a position away from an outer circumferential line G (an outer circumferential line of the cutting-edge portion 3) inwardly toward the central axis 4 in the radial direction by a radial width W2 which is a width in said radial direction, where the outer circumferential line G passes through the edges of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13, and is centered on the central axis 4. The radial width W2 is about 0.2 to 0.8 mm. The tangential angle of the outer circumference of the cutting-edge portion 3 becomes greater than the angle 25 as the position on the outer circumference goes beyond the edge 25T toward the counter-revolving direction.

(21) As shown in FIG. 3, between the outer circumferential of a distal face 5 of the cutting-edge portion 3 and each of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 is formed a chamfered portion 6 that is chamfered at 45. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a cutting-edge tip portion 14 is defined between the chamfered portion 6 and the rake face 22, and as shown in FIG. 3, a front end S of the cutting edge 11, 12, 13 is located at the rear end of the chamfered portion 6. The cutting-edge tip portion 14 is located between the front end S of the cutting edge 11, 12, 13 and the distal face 5.

(22) The taper reamer 1 is provided with a cutting fluid flow channel 7 that is formed along the central axis 4 and is extended from a proximal end face 2K of the shank portion 2, which is the rear end, to the front end side of the cutting-edge portion 3. In a distal portion of the cutting fluid flow channel 7, there are formed a plurality of branch channels 8, 8 that open out into the respective chip removal flutes 21, 21, 21. The branch channels 8, 8 are formed at an interval along a longitudinal direction of the taper reamer 1.

(23) A cutting fluid is supplied to the cutting fluid flow channel 7 by a cutting fluid supply means (not shown). The cutting fluid is further supplied through the branch channels 8 to the outer periphery of the cutting-edge portion 3. The cutting fluid may be supplied thereto in a mist form.

(24) The above-described taper reamer 1 has the following features. The first to third cutting edges 11, 12, 13 are formed so as to have different intertooth angles that are each defined as an angle at the front end S between the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 that are adjacently arranged from each other. As illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, at the front end S, the first cutting edge 11 and the second cutting edge 12 circumferentially define an intertooth angle 1 of 100, the second cutting edge 12 and the third cutting edge 13 circumferentially define an intertooth angle 2 of 140, and the third cutting edge 13 and the first cutting edge 11 circumferentially define an intertooth angle 3 of 120. As shown, the plurality of cutting edges 11, 12, 13 are arranged in an unequally partitioned manner. In this example, the front end S is the reference position for the intertooth angles 1, 2, 3.

(25) Further, the first to third cutting edges 11, 12, 13 have helix angles (lead angles) 1, 2, 3 that are different from each other. For example, the helix angle 1 for the first cutting edge 11 may be of 35, the helix angle 2 for the second cutting edge 12 may be of 33, and the helix angle 3 for the third cutting edge 13 may be of 37, so that all of the helix angles 1, 2, 3 for the plurality of cutting edges 11, 12, 13 are different from each other. Further, the plurality of cutting edges 11, 12, 13 are arranged such that the respective helix angle 1, 2, 3 are set to have a constant interval in angle differences. That is, in a case when the helix angle 2 is defined as the minimum, the other helix angles 1 or 3 is set to be +n.Math.D, where represents the minimum intertooth angle and n is a natural number. The difference D in this example is set to be 2.

(26) The cutting edges 11, 12, 13 define helix angles 1, 2, 3 whose measures of the angles are set in accordance with the magnitudes of the intertooth angles 3, 1, 2 which respectively correspond to the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 in the revolving direction T at the front end S. For example, as the cutting edge 13 has a corresponding intertooth angle 2 (of 140) in the revolving direction T at the front end S, it is the cutting edge 13 that has the maximum helix angle 3 (of 37). Also, as the cutting edge 12 has a corresponding intertooth angle 1 (of 100) in the revolving direction T at the distal end, it is the cutting edge 12 who has the minimal helix angle 2 (of 33).

(27) As shown, if the helix angles 1, 2, 3 are set to be different from each other at the front end S of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 that are adjacent from each other, as the helix angle of a cutting edge that is preceding in revolving direction T is set to be smaller than the helix angle of a cutting edge that goes after the preceding cutting edge in revolving direction T, the corresponding intertooth angle at the rear end K of the cutting-edge portion 3 is correspondingly set to be small. If the intertooth angle at the rear end K of the cutting-edge portion 3 is set to be small such that the chip removal flute 21 becomes too narrow, the chips may not be removed smoothly.

(28) As such, the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 are set to have a maximum intertooth angle 2 at the front end S, where the maximum intertooth angle 2 is determined such that the corresponding pair of adjacent cutting edges 11, 12, 13 takes the negative maximum helix angle difference that is set to be an angle difference between a helix angle 1, 2, 3 for a preceding cutting edge in the revolving direction T and a helix angle 2, 3, 1 for the adjacent cutting edge that goes after the preceding cutting edge. If the helix angle for the cutting edge that precedes in the revolving direction T has a helix angle that is smaller than the helix angle for the cutting edge that goes after it in the revolving direction T, the corresponding intertooth angle tapers down toward the rear end at which the chip removal flute 21 become reduced in size. The intertooth angles are defined at the front end S such that the intertooth angle becomes reduced from the maximum intertooth angle 2 at the constant 20 interval in the counter-revolving direction of the taper reamer 1. That is, the intertooth angle 3 is smaller by 20 than the intertooth angle 2, and the intertooth angle 1 is smaller by 20 than the intertooth angle 3.

(29) FIG. 6A is a front view of the cutting-edge portion 3. FIGS. 6B to 6E are cross-sectional views of the cutting-edge portion 3 at respective positions separated from the front end S by a predetermined pitch. For example, FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view at a position separated from the front end S by 12 mm, and FIG. 6E is a cross-sectional view at a position separated from the front end S by 48 mm. FIG. 7 shows views in which the first cutting edge 11 is arranged at the top in FIG. 6.

(30) FIG. 8 shows a graph that illustrates intertooth angle (by the unit of ) as a vertical axis with respect to a distance (by the unit of mm) from the front end S as a horizontal axis. As shown in the figure, the intertooth angles 1 and 3 increase progressively from the front end S toward the rear end K in proportion to a distance from the front end S, and the intertooth angle 2 that is the maximum intertooth angle decreases degressively from the front end S toward the rear end K in proportion to a distance from the front end S. Further, there are found two positions at which two of the three intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 take the same intertooth angle. However, there can be found no position where the three intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 take the same intertooth angle.

(31) The maximum and minimum angle values among the intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 are respectively 140 and 100 at the front end S, while at the rear end K, the maximum and minimum angle values among the intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 are respectively 136 and 108. Further, the maximum angle value among the intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 at the rear end K is smaller than that at the front end S, and the minimal angle value among the intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 at the rear end K is larger than that at the front end S. As a result, the chip removal flutes 21 are allowed to have a sufficient width at the rear end K.

(32) By the setting as described above, the intertooth angle 2, which takes the negative maximum helix angle difference at the front end S, may be set at the rear end K as 108 which is greater than 100. As a result, the chip removal flutes 21 are allowed to have a sufficient width at the rear end K. In the case of three blades as shown in the example, if the blades are equally partitioned, the intertooth angles are all set to be 120. With reference to this case, the intertooth angle 2 that takes minimum value at the rear end K is set to be 108 at the rear end K, thus ensuring an intertooth angle greater than 90% of 120, which allows the chip removal flute 21, having an intertooth angle of 108 at the rear end, to smoothly remove cutting chips to the rear end. As shown, the intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 at the rear end K are set to be 10% smaller than those at the front end S. In the case of three blades of cutting edges, the chip removal flute 21 may have a sufficient width if the decreased amount is computationally set to be less than 50%, preferably less than 20%. That is, the minimal intertooth angle 2 at the rear end K may be set to be not smaller than 0.5 times, preferably 0.8 times, more preferably not smaller than 0.9 times as large as 120 that is an angle of 360 divided by three (the number of the blade) so as to ensure a sufficient width of the chip removal flute 21 at the rear end K.

(33) Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the intertooth angles 1, 2, and 3 vary proportionally from the position of 0 mm at the front end S toward the position of 48 mm at the rear end K. From the position of 0 mm at the front end S toward the position of 48 mm at the rear end K, as the intertooth angle 1 progressively increases from 100 to 116, the intertooth angle 2 degressively decreases from 140 to 108, and the intertooth angle 3 progressively increases from 120 to 136. The second and third angles 2, 3 take the same value at the position away from the front end S by 20 mm, and the first and second angles 1, 2 take the same value at the position away from the front end S by 40 mm. The two positions, where two intertooth angles take the same value, are 20 mm apart from each other. As shown, the three intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 never take the same value at the same position along the axial direction of the cutting-edge portion 3, and the two positions, where two intertooth angles take the same value, are apart from each other by 10 mm or more. In this way, there can be effectively prevented a resonance during cutting for any taper reamer 1, having three cutting edges 11, 12, and 13.

(34) Hereinafter, working examples will be described. As for the taper reamer 1 in this working example, the distance along the axis from the distal face 5 to the chamfered portion 6 is set to be 1 mm, the diameter D of the reamer at the front end S is set to be 16.5 mm, the diameter of the reamer at the rear end K is set to be 24.5 mm, the taper angle t of the cutting-edge portion 3 is set to be 4 46, and the length from the distal face 5 to the rear end K of the cutting-edge portion 3 is set to be 49 mm. The working example and a comparative example 1 are different in that the cutting edges of the comparative example 1 are equally partitioned and the helix angles are all set to be 35. Moreover, the working example and a comparative example 2 are different in that the cutting edges of the comparative example 2 each have a helix angle of 35.

(35) The rake angle s is set to be 5. The circumferential width Wm of the margin 23 is set to be 0.18 mm, and the radius of the arc of the margin 23 is set to be 8.25 mm. Further, the primary relief face 24 has a circumferential width W1 of 0.52 mm, the angle 24 is set to be 11, the angle 25 is set to be 25 and the radial width W2 is set to be 0.5 mm.

(36) As shown in FIG. 9, a pre-drilled hole 32 was drilled on a workpiece 33, and then the pre-drilled hole 32 was formed into a tapered hole 34 by mean of the taper reamer 1 without using any roughing taper reamer for finishing. Cutting speed of 98.1 m/min and feed rate of 1349 mm/min were employed as cutting conditions for the tapered hole 34. The feeding rate (or feed amount per revolution) of 0.9 mm/rev was achieved for the working example in term of workability, while the corresponding feeding rates of 0.1 mm/rev and 0.3 mm/rev were respectively achieved for the comparative examples 1 and 2, which exhibits durability of the working example being ten times durable than that of the comparative example 1. As another working example, helix angle 1, 2, 3 were respectively set to be 30, 28 and 32 to conduct another examination, which similarly showed a favorable result. As shown, favorable results were achieved when the helix angles 1, 2, 3 were in the range of 30 to 37.

(37) As for the above described taper reamer 1, the plurality of cutting edges 11, 12, 13 are unequally partitioned, and the helix angles 1, 2, 3 of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 are all different from each other. As a result, the plurality of cutting edges 11, 12, 13 are unevenly arranged over the whole length of the cutting-edge portion 3 to thereby prevent a resonance during cutting, and thus to improve workability and working lifetime.

(38) A first aspect of the present embodiment provides a taper reamer 1 with a plurality of cutting edges 11, 12, 13 each having a helical shape provided on the outer periphery of a cutting-edge portion 3 having an external diameter being expanded from a front end toward a rear end thereof, wherein an intertooth angle 1, 2, 3, defined between each of a pair of the cutting edges adjacently arranged in a circumferential direction, is different from one another at any given reference position, and that the plurality of cutting edges each have a helix angle 1, 2, 3 that is different from one another. As a result, since the plurality of cutting edges 11, 12, 13 that are unequally partitioned each have a helix angle 1, 2, 3 that is different from one another, a resonance during cutting can be prevented and cutting resistance can be suppressed to thereby achieve an improvement in working accuracy and cutting tool lifetime.

(39) As shown in the second aspect of the present embodiment, there are provided three or more blades of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13, wherein said given reference position is set to be at the front end of the cutting-edge portion 3. Since the unequally partitioned cutting edges 11, 12, 13 of three or more blades each have a helix angle 1, 2, 3 that is different from one another, a resonance during cutting can be prevented.

(40) As shown in the third aspect of the present embodiment, there are provided three or more blades of the cutting edges, wherein a chip removal flute 21 is formed between each of a pair of the cutting edges adjacently arranged in a circumferential direction, and wherein at least one of the intertooth angles 2 is defined to be degressively decreased from the front end S toward the rear end K, while the remaining intertooth angles 1, 3 are defined to be progressively increased from the front end S toward the rear end K. As a result, the chip removal flute 21 can have a sufficient width for smoothly removing cutting chips.

(41) In this embodiment, there may be provided three cutting edges 11, 12, 13 with the number of the chip removal flutes 21, 21, 21 being equal to the number of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13. As a result, one intertooth angle 2 may be defined to be degressively decreased from the front end S toward the rear end K. In a case of four blades of the cutting edges, four chip removal flutes are provided, where one or two intertooth angles are set to be degressively decreased from the front end toward the rear end, while the remaining two or three intertooth angles are set to be progressively increased from the front end toward the rear end. In a case of five blades of the cutting edges, five chip removal flutes are provided, where one or two intertooth angles are set to be degressively decreased from the front end toward the rear end, while the remaining four or three intertooth angles are set to be progressively increased from the front end toward the rear end. As shown, if there are provided three or more blades of the cutting edges, an integer of less than half of the number of the cutting edges may be set to be degressively decreased from the front end toward the rear end, while the remaining intertooth angles may be set to be progressively increased from the front end toward the rear end.

(42) As shown in the fourth aspect of the present embodiment, three cutting edges 11, 12, 13 are provided, wherein a chip removal flute 21 is formed between each of a pair of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 adjacently arranged in a circumferential direction, and wherein one of the intertooth angles is defined to be degressively decreased from the front end S toward the rear end K, while the remaining intertooth angles are defined to be progressively increased from the front end toward the rear end, and the minimal intertooth angle 2 at the rear end K of the cutting-edge portion 3 is defined to be 108 which is not smaller than 0.5 times as large as 120. As a result, the chip removal flute 21 can have a sufficient width at the rear end K of the cutting-edge portion 3 provided with the three cutting edges 11, 12, 13 to thereby smoothly remove cutting chips.

(43) As shown, the cutting edges 12 and 13 between which a maximum intertooth angle 2 is defined at the front end S are set to have respective helix angles 2 and 3 such that the intertooth angle 2 therebetween becomes degressively narrower from the front end S toward the rear end K. Further, the cutting edges 11 and 12 between which a minimum intertooth angle 1 is defined at the front end S are set to have respective helix angles 1 and 2 such that the intertooth angle 1 therebetween is set to be progressively wider from the front end S toward the rear end K. Furthermore, the remaining intertooth angle 3 takes a value in a range between the maximum intertooth angle 2 and the minimum intertooth angle 1 at the front end S, and the cutting edges 11 and 13 between which the intertooth angle 3 is defined are respectively set to have helix angles 1 and 3 such that the intertooth angle 3 therebetween is set to be progressively wider from the front end S toward the rear end K. In this example, an angle difference between the maximum and minimum values among the helix angles 1, 2, 3 is set to be 4 (32) which is within the range of 5. It is preferable that the angle difference is set within the range of 5 as shown in this embodiment. Moreover, in this example, an angle difference D between the helix angle 3 for the third cutting edge 13 and the helix angle 1 for the first cutting edge 11 is equal to the angle difference D between the helix angle 1 for the third cutting edge 11 and the helix angle 1 for the second cutting edge 12.

(44) As shown in the fifth aspect of the present embodiment, a minimal intertooth angle 2 at the rear end K of the cutting-edge portion 3 is defined to be not smaller than 0.8 times as large as 120. As a result, the chip removal flute 21 can have a sufficient width at the rear end K of the cutting-edge portion 3 provided with the three cutting edges 11, 12, 13 to thereby more smoothly remove cutting chips. If angle difference among the intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 becomes too large, the differences in cutting resistance respectively exerted on the respective cutting edges 11, 12, 13 correspondingly become too large, which may result in a curved hole or deterioration in circularity. In contrast to this case, the differences between cutting resistances exerted on the respective cutting edges 11, 12, 13 may be suppressed if the minimal intertooth angle is set to be not smaller than 0.8 times as large as 120.

(45) As shown in the sixth aspect of the present embodiment, the three cutting edges, defined as first to third cutting edges 11, 12, 13, each have a helix angle 1, 2, 3 that is different from one another,

(46) the third cutting edge 13 is arranged next to the first cutting edge 11 with reference to a revolving direction T of the first cutting edge 11, and the second cutting edge 12 is arranged next to the first cutting edge 11 with reference to a counter-revolving direction of the first cutting edge 11, the third cutting edge 13 has a helix angle 3 larger than the helix angle 1 of the first cutting edge 11 and the second cutting edge 12 has a helix angle 2 smaller than the helix angle 1 of the first cutting edge 11, and an intertooth angle 2 defined between the second cutting edge 12 and the third cutting edge 13 is larger than any other intertooth angles 1, 3 at the front end S of the cutting-edge portion 3, and an intertooth angle 1 defined between the first cutting edge 11 and the second cutting edge 12 is smaller than any other intertooth angles 2, 3 at the front end S of the cutting-edge portion 3. For this reason, the intertooth angle 2, taking the maximum value at the front end S of the cutting-edge portion 3, degressively decreases from the front end S toward the rear end K, and the intertooth angle 1, taking the minimum value at the front end S of the cutting-edge portion 3, progressively increases from the front end S toward the rear end K. As a result, the chip removal flute 21 can have a sufficient width at the rear end K of the cutting-edge portion 3 provided with the three cutting edges, defined as first to third cutting edges 11, 12, 13, to thereby more smoothly remove cutting chips.

(47) As shown in the seventh aspect of the present embodiment, an angle difference between the helix angle 3 for the third cutting edge 13 and the helix angle 2 for the second cutting edge 12 is set to be not greater than 5, which is not greater than 4 in this example. As a result, there can be formed three cutting edges 11, 12, 13 such that the chip removal flute 21 have a sufficient width. In contrast to this case, if angle differences among the helix angle 1, 2, 3 are set to be too large, the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 can have an uneven arrangement, which make is difficult for the chip removal flute 21 to have a sufficient width.

(48) As an advantage of the embodiments, the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 may define helix angles 1, 2, 3 whose measures of the angles are set in accordance with the magnitudes of the intertooth angles 3, 1, 2 at the front end S which respectively correspond to the cutting edges 11, 12, 13 in the revolving direction T. As a result, the chip removal flute 21 can have a sufficient width at the rear end K.

(49) Further, at the front end S of the cutting-edge portion 3, the intertooth angle 2 between the second cutting edge 12 and the third cutting edge 13 is set to be larger than the intertooth angle 3 between the third cutting edge 13 and the first cutting edge 11, and the intertooth angle 3 between the third cutting edge 13 and the first cutting edge 11 is set to be larger than the intertooth angle 1 between the first cutting edge 11 and the second cutting edge 12. As a result, the chip removal flute 21 can have a sufficient width at the rear end K of the cutting-edge portion 3 provided with the three cutting edges, defined as first to third cutting edges 11, 12, 13, to thereby more smoothly remove cutting chips.

(50) Further, at the front end S of the cutting-edge portion 3, the intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 are be set to be 0.8 to 1.2 times as large as 120 that is an angle of 360 divided by three, preferably not smaller than 12020 and not greater than 12020. Furthermore, the intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 at the rear end K are be set to be 0.8 to 1.2 times as large as 120, and the intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 are set to be 0.8 to 1.2 times as large as 120 over the whole length of the cutting-edge portion 3. As a result, the chip removal flute 21 can have a sufficient width at the rear end K, and the taper reamer 1 of the three blades can achieve a favorable rotary cutting with three blades without significantly losing its cutting balance so as to suppress the differences in cutting resistance exerted on the respective cutting edges 11, 12, 13 and to prevent a curved hole or deterioration in circularity.

(51) Further, as shown in FIG. 8, there can be found no position from the front end S where the first to third intertooth angles 1, 2, 3 take the same value. Furthermore, an angle difference D between the helix angle 3 for the third cutting edge 13 and the helix angle 1 for the first cutting edge 11 is equal to the angle difference D between the helix angle 1 for the third cutting edge 11 and the helix angle 2 for the second cutting edge 12 so that the angle difference between the intertooth angles 1 and 3 is set to be constant over the whole length of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13. In this example, an angle difference between the intertooth angles 1 and 3 is set to be not smaller than 0.15 times as large as 120 (which is 20 in this embodiment), and the angle difference between the intertooth angles 1 and 3 is kept at the same value of the front end S even at a position where the second and third intertooth angles 2 and 03 take the same value (or a position away from the front end by 20 mm as shown in FIG. 8) and also at a position where the first and second intertooth angles 1 and 2 take the same value (or a position away from the front end by 40 mm as shown in FIG. 8). For these reasons, a vibration generated during cutting can be effectively prevented from happening over the whole length of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13.

(52) Further, the position where the second and third intertooth angles 2 and 03 take the same value and the position where the first and second intertooth angles 1 and 2 take the same value are set apart from each other by equal to or more than one third of the whole length of the cutting edges 11, 12, 13. For this reason, a vibration generated during cutting can be effectively prevented from happening.

Embodiment 2

(53) FIG. 10 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. In this embodiment, cutting edges 11, 12 of two blades are employed, where the intertooth angles 1, 2 of the cutting edges 11, 12 are set to be 170 and 190 which are different from each other, and one cutting edge 11 has a helix angle 1 of 35, while the other cutting edge 12 has a helix angle 2 of 32.

(54) Further, since the cutting edge 11 has the maximum intertooth angle 2 in the revolving direction T at the front end S, it is the cutting edge 11 that has the maximum helix angle 1.

(55) As shown in the first aspect of the present embodiment, there is provided a taper reamer 1 with a plurality of cutting edges 11, 12 each having a helical shape provided on the outer periphery of a cutting-edge portion 3 having an external diameter being expanded from a front end toward a rear end thereof, characterized in that an intertooth angle 1, 2, defined between each of a pair of the cutting edges adjacently arranged in a circumferential direction, is different from one another at the front end S which is set as a reference position, and that the plurality of cutting edges 11, 12 each have a helix angle 1, 2 that is different from one another. As a result, since the plurality of cutting edges 11, 12 that are unequally partitioned each have a helix angle 1, 2 that is different from one another, a resonance during cutting can be prevented.

Embodiment 3

(56) FIG. 11 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, in which the same parts as those in the above embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted. In this embodiment, the taper reamer 1 of the first embodiment has a third cutting edge 13 with a helix angle of 36, where the angle difference between the maximum and minimum values among the helix angles 1, 2, 3 is set to be 3 (32) which is within the range of 5.

(57) As shown, this embodiment has an advantage similar to the above-noted embodiments as already described in which the angle difference between the helix angle 3 for the third cutting edge 13 and the helix angle 2 for the second cutting edge 12 is set to be 5 or less, which is 3 in this example. As a result, there can be formed three cutting edges 11, 12, 13 such that the chip removal flutes 21 have a sufficient width. That is, as shown in this example, the angle difference D between the helix angle 3 for the third cutting edge 13 and the helix angle 1 for the first cutting edge 11 may be different to the angle difference D between the helix angle 1 for the third cutting edge 11 and the helix angle 2 for the second cutting edge 12.

(58) It should be noted that the present inventions are not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention. For example, the present inventions can be applied to a taper reamer having cutting edges of not less than four blades. Further, it is preferable that the minimum intertooth angle at the rear end of the cutting-edge portion is set to be not smaller than 0.8 times as large as (360/the number of cutting edges) in a case of the taper reamer having cutting edges of not less than four blades. Furthermore, it is preferable that the angle difference between the maximum and minimum helix angles is set to be 5 or less.

DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERAL

(59) 1 taper reamer 2 shank portion 3 cutting-edge portion (tapered portion) 11 first cutting edge 12 second cutting edge 13 third cutting edge 21 chip removal flute S Front end (reference position) K rear end D angle difference T revolving direction 1 intertooth angle 2 intertooth angle 3 intertooth angle 1 helix angle 2 helix angle 3 helix angle