Acoustical optical pickup for use in stringed musical instruments

Abstract

An optical head assembly for use with a stringed musical instrument, the vibrations of the strings causing a light beam to be modulated in accordance with the frequency of the vibrating strings. The modulated light output, produced by the relative motion between two adjacent grates, is coupled to a device with converts the modulated light beam to a corresponding modulated electrical signal which, in turn, is coupled to an amplifier associated with the instrument.

Claims

1. A pickup device for a stringed musical instrument having a bridge member with strings positioned thereon comprising: a first transmissive grate; a source for generating a light beam, said light beam being incident on said first light transmissive grate; said grate being positioned relative to said source; a device spaced from said source and positioned to receive said light beam after passing through said first light transmissive grate, an electrical signal being generated in response thereto; and said source and said device being mounted on opposite sides of said bridge member, said source and said device moving relative to each other when said string are plucked by a user, the light beam transmitted through said grate being modulated as a result of said relative movement; said modulated light beam being converted to a corresponding modulated electrical signal, the amplitude and frequency of said modulated electrical signal varying in accordance with the characteristics of the vibrating instrument strings.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein said modulated electrical signal is coupled to an amplifying device associated with said instrument.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein said source comprises a LED.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein said first tight transmissive grate is operatively coupled to said source.

5. The device of claim 4 wherein a second light transmissive grate is operatively coupled to said device.

6. The device of claim 5 wherein said first and second light transmissive grates each comprise alternate opaque and transparent lines formed on the surface of a plate member.

7. The device of claim 6 wherein said plate member comprises glass.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) For a better understanding of the present invention as well as other objects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be read m conjunction with the accompanying drawing therein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram frustrating the components that comprise the present invention:

(3) FIG. 2 is a view showing the physical representation of the optical processor of the present invention;

(4) FIG. 3-4 illustrate the pickup transmitter and receivers attached to a stringed instrument; and

(5) FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram flow chart of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(6) Referring to FIG. 1, the component parts of the optical processor portion 10 of the present invention is illustrated. Specifically, optical processor portion 10 comprises LED light source 12, optical grating light shutter assembly 14, opto-detector 16, transimpedance amplifier 18 and audio processor 20 (audio processor 20 comprises the components noted hereinabove and is not considered part of the present invention although for completeness has been disclosed).

(7) A physical representation of optical processor 10 and components 12, 14 and 16 are shown in FIG. 2 and comprises pickup transmitter 50 which includes an opening for mounting LEO light source 12, adjustable calibration waveguide (entire tube that is pressed into the outer pickup transmitter housing) and a fixed optical waveguide having gratings 30 and 32 positioned therein. The gratings 30 and 32 preferably comprise a transparent (glass) surface having alternate transparent opaque strips (the strips are typically onto the surface formed thereon.

(8) The audio processor 20 contains the pickup power supply, analog audio processing and a user operation controlling external audio interface.

(9) When properly mounted and calibrated, the optical pickup 10 faithfully captures the acoustic energy present at its physical location and accurately produces a corresponding analog audio signal. After power-on, the LED source 12 transmits a controlled, fixed intensity of semi-collimated light through the fixed waveguide in the transmitter housing 50 where the light exits through the primary optical grating 30. Coaxially aligned, the light beam enters first the secondary optical grating 32, the receiver housing 52 through the waveguide within housing 52 and strikes the photo-detector 16.

(10) The relative motion between the pick-up transmitter 50 and receiver 52 in the transverse axis perpendicular to the grating fine pairs 30, 32 produces amplitude modulation of the light beam incident thereon. This is measured as changes in the intensity of the light energy as captured by the photo-detector 16. The pair of primary and secondary gratifies 30, 32 capture relative motion between the two by serving as a continuously variable light shutter, alternatingly passing more or less light in synchronization with the relative motion of the pickup housing.

(11) Performance of the pickup may be optimized for signal to noise and dynamic range by selecting the correct pitch grating with line pairs that are matched to the maximum offset displacement the pickup is to measure. It is desirable to avoid over-modulation by leaving a certain amount over the maximum expected displacement. The pickup will product audible non-linear distortion products when modulation levels exceed either the zero fullyopen or 100% fully closed threshold of the gratings. Due to the optical properties, small size and very low mass of the pickup assembly, the system has no resonant frequency within the audible range. This produces exceptional transient response for the musical instrument. Therefore, the pickup operation approaches an ideal transducer, capturing subtle and fast transient motions with no coloring or introduction of inherent sound artifacts.

(12) The intrinsic properties of the pick-up transducer have a frequency response from DC to well beyond the audible range of 20 KHz. In practice, the very low frequencies may be filtered out in the audio signal processor.

(13) Because of the high sensitivity of the pickup, microscopic changes to the geometry of the musical instrument caused by temperature, humidity or other external factors such as string tuning, may create a relative lateral position offset between the transmitter and receiver. For this reason, each pickup transmitter or receiver preferably contains an adjustment screw to finely align the housing's variable waveguide. Note that this tuning of the pickup does not affect the pitch of the instrument as does standard tuning but instead optimizes the alignment of the components to prevent over-modulation in either direction.

(14) Electrically, the photo detector 16 produces a variable current signal in proportion to the level of light intensity it receives. A transimpedance amplifier stage 18 produces a voltage signal that is then processed solely m the analog domain for maximum signal purity. Low noise, low distortion and high-performance operational amplifiers and high-quality components are used to assure maximum fidelity. To maintain consistency hi operation over time and over the life of the LED battery, the audio processor precisely regulates the LED drive current and aft signal biases.

(15) FIG. 3 is a simplified illustration of instrument 60 with bridge 62. As shown, a gap 64 is present between bridge positions 66 and 68. As shown in FIG. 4 transmitter and receiver housing 50 and 52 are mounted on the opposite tide of the bridge 62 adjacent gap 64, in essence, the pull and release of the instrument strings creates movement of the bridge causing the gap size to change and, in turn, causing relative movement between touting a 50 and 52 modulating the incident light produced by LED 12.

(16) FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram of the optical pickup of the present invention (although one channel is illustrated, multiple channels can be provided). A constant LED current source 90 powers photodiode 12, the responsive to the modulated light frames generated by grate 14 (FIG. 1) therefrom being light the output being incident on grate unit 14. The outputs are in turn coupled to adjustable amplifier 108, the outputs of amplifier 108. The output of amplifier 108 is coupled to a mute component 114, the putout of which appears on lead 116. Although not shown, the output on lead 116 is coupled to the amps associated with the stringed instrument itself, the output there of being incident on photodetector 16. The output of the photodetector is incident on transimpedance amplifier 18.

(17) While the invention has been described with reference to its preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those dotted in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its essential teachings.