Grapevine plant named ‘Camminare Noir’
PP032929 · 2021-03-30
Assignee
Inventors
- Michael Andrew Walker (Davis, CA, US)
- Alan C. Tenscher (Davis, CA, US)
- Summaira Riaz (Davis, CA, US)
- Ninfa Romero (Davis, CA, US)
Cpc classification
International classification
Abstract
A new and distinct variety of grapevine plant named Camminare Noir, particularly selected for its high resistance to Pierce's disease, as well as quality of fruit and wines produced is disclosed.
Claims
1. A new and distinct variety of grapevine plant designated Camminare Noir as shown and described herein.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) This new grapevine plant variety is illustrated by the accompanying photographs. The colors shown are as true as can be reasonably obtained by conventional photographic procedures. The photographs are of plants that are five to seven years old. Colors referred to are in reference to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Charts Edition V.
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DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
(8) The following is a detailed description of the new grapevine plant variety designated as Camminare Noir, including the key differentiating characteristics of this variety and comparisons of characteristics of Camminare Noir to other grapevine varieties. Unless otherwise indicated, evaluation data were taken from five- to seven-year-old plants, grown in Davis, Calif. Classification: Family.Vitaceae. Botanical name.Vitis vinifera L. Common name.Grapevine. Variety name.Camminare Noir. Parentage: Female parent.U0505-01 (unpatented). Male parent.Petite Sirah (unpatented). Plant: Berries.Medium sized, spherical, dark purple-black, blue-grey bloom. Clusters.Medium sized, conical, well-filled clusters. Leaves.Three- to five-lobed cuneiform in shape, u-shaped petiolar sinus, sinuses between the apical and lateral lobes overlap, relatively short and uniform teeth on leaf margin, mostly glabrous with short tomentum on abaxial leaf surface, red-purple petioles. Shoot tips.Upright, dark green shoot tips with bronze red highlights. Production.Very early budbreak, flowers and ripens early. Method of propagation.Vegetative propagation via woody or herbaceous cuttings, or budding and grafting to rootstock. Camminare Noir has been asexually reproduced June 2009 at greenhouses at Orchard Park Dr. in Davis, Calif. from herbaceous cuttings. Any rootstock can be used with the variety. Most often it will be grown on rootstocks that resist grape phylloxera and or nematodes. In testing, selections were evaluated grafted on 1103P rootstock which is not patented. It was chosen for ease of propagation and because it is widely used in California. The variety has been grafted on many other rootstocks for testing in field trials as well.
(9) Camminare Noir has the highest form of resistance to X. fastidiosa coupled with the highest wine quality of any PD resistant wine grape yet produced. Camminare Noir is selected for very high resistance, not the more commonly found tolerance, to prevent the production of host plants capable of further spreading PD to surrounding vineyards.
(10) Camminare Noir has a very strong PD resistance and the highest wine quality of any currently used PD resistant wine grape. PD is one of the few diseases that kill susceptible grapevines. Two most popular PD resistant wine grape varieties, Blanc du Bois and Lenoir (Lenoir is also known as Black Spanish or Jacquez), were used as controls or standards in all testing so that the wine quality and resistance of the candidate variety could be compared to available PD resistant varieties used across the southern United States. It is noted that Blanc du Bois and Lenoir have relatively poor wine quality and are tolerant, not resistant, to PD. Neither Blanc du Bois nor Lenoir are patented.
(11) Camminare Noir has far better PD resistance and wine quality when compared with Blanc du Bois and Lenoir. In other words, Camminare Noir combines very strong resistance to X. fastidiosa with the wine quality of internationally acclaimed wine grape cultivars. Camminare Noir was selected as a variety that exhibits high resistance to X. fastidiosa and V. vinifera-like wine quality. The data presented below are intended to further characterize Camminare Noir. The appearance of Camminare Noir is illustrated in
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(13) Table 1 presents typical phenological data for Camminare Noir. These data are for 2016, but the ranking of the selections in regard to an early cultivar (Pinot noir) and a late cultivar (Cabernet Sauvignon) have been typical over years. In general, Camminare Noir is phenologically mid-season.
(14) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Average phenological states for Camminare Noir. Cabernet Sauvignon (late) and Pinot Noir (early) are included as comparisons. Based on the percentage of V. vinifera in this plant and the nature of its parents, the variety is expected to grow in USDA Hardiness Zone 6-7. 50% Cultivar Budbreak 50% bloom veraison 24 Brix Camminare Noir 3/8 4/24 7/8 8/5 Cabernet Sauvignon 3/24 5/7 7/21 8/30 Pinot Noir 3/10 4/30 7/9 8/9
(15) Table 2 presents the average duster and berry data for Camminare Noir and averaged over multiple years.
(16) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Average cluster and berry sizes of Camminare Noir and its comparison varieties. Data are averages over multiple years. Num- Avg. t-test Avg. t-test ber of Cluster Cluster Berry Berry Genotype Years Wt. (g) Wt. Wt. (g) Wt. Clusters Camminare Noir 8 254 bc 1.3 abc Well-filled Blanc du Bois 6 148 d 1.5 a Well-filled Cabernet 6 132 d 1.2 c Loose to Sauvignon well-filled Chardonnay 6 196 cd 1.5 ab Well-filled to compact Lenoir 6 157 d 1.3 bc Loose
(17) Table 3 presents the average yield per vine data taken over 2016 to 2018.
(18) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Average production data for Camminare Noir and its comparison varieties. Data are averages from three years (2016 to 2018). Avg. Yield/ Std. Dev. Number of Genotype Vine (kg) (kg) t-test Years Camminare Noir 10.9 2.7 a 3 Blanc du Bois 12.7 1.8 a 3 Cabernet Sauvignon 10.9 1.8 a 3 Chardonnay 10.9 3.2 a 3 Lenoir 20.0 6.8 b 3
(19) Mean berry juice data were also taken and Table 4 presents this data over a five-year period between 2014 and 2018. These values are consistent with cultivars that produce high quality wines.
(20) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Average juice data for Camminare Noir and its comparison varieties. Data are averages from five years (2014 to 2018). Avg. Avg. L- t-test t-test titratable t-test malic t-test Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. acidity Avg. acid Avg. Genotype Brix Brix pH pH (g/L) TA (g/L) MA Camminare 26.3 ab 3.51 c 6.0 c 1.6 cd Noir Blanc du 23.5 c 3.58 bc 5.2 de 2.3 bcd Bois Cabernet 25.8 b 3.74 abc 5.2 de 1.9 bcd Sauvignon Chardonnay 23.3 cd 3.68 bc 5.9 cd 2.4 bc Lenoir 21.3 e 3.96 a 9.1 a 4.5 a
(21) Xylella fastidiosa susceptibility data are presented in Table 5, which presents the levels of X. fastidiosa in relationship to tolerant (Blanc du Bois and to a lesser extent, Lenoir) and susceptible (Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon) cultivars. These are also mean data from repeated testing over seasons and greenhouses. Because of the high variation in greenhouse conditions, at least four standards (bio-controls) were always used: b43-17, Blanc du Bois, Lenoir, and Chardonnay (and occasionally other V. vinifera cultivars), which allows the data to be compared across greenhouses, tests and seasons. These varieties tend to be very consistent in the amounts of bacteria they support as well as the severity of their disease expression. The cut-off between resistant and susceptible is usually between 75,000 and 250,000 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml).
(22) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Xylella fastidiosa concentrations based on ELISA readings and converted to colony forming units (cfu/ml). Vitis arizonica b43-17 is the source of resistance in the breeding program. Geometric Number Mean Least Sq. Std. of Times Cultivar cfu/ml t-test Mean Error Tested b43-17 12423 a 9.4 0.2 11 Camminare Noir 78041 b 11.3 0.4 4 Blanc du Bois 859096 c 13.7 0.2 11 Lenoir 2421748 d 14.7 0.6 2 Chardonnay 5197228 d 15.5 0.2 11 Cabernet Sauvignon 6582993 d 15.7 0.8 1
(23) Table 6 presents the phenotype of Camminare Noir. The variety has normal hermaphroditic flowers and typical floral development as is found in commercial V. vinifera wine grapes.
(24) TABLE-US-00006 Camminare Noir Berry L, W 1.5 cm 1.5 cm Berry weight, shape 1.3 g/round Seed number, length and 2 width typical for V. vinifera wine grapes, but not measured Cluster L, W, shape, 4.0 cm 7.0 cm, compactness, conical, well-filled 2 clusters/shoot Yield kg 11.95 kg Pruning weights 1.75 kg Trunk width at 30 cm 4.6 cm Trunk color and texture Rough shaggy bark 178D Woody shoots diameter 0.8 cm/5.0 cm above cluster/and internode length Woody shoot texture First year bark and color adheres but peels in strips in second year 164B Active shoot color, 144D internode color above N144D the cluster zone/cluster 0.8 cm/5.0 cm zone shoot diameter/internode length (shoots same size as woody canes in the cluster zone) Tendril length, diameter 12.0 cm Tendril color, Opposite 0.2 cm leaves and alternating 2 145A nodes skip 2 nodes skip Seed color 165B # Berries/cluster 308 Berry color skin and 203D waxy bloom 190D Leaves L, W apex and 14.0 cm 16.0 cm base shape Leaf arrangement, leaf Alternate, palmate shape, and leaf color with 5 lobes Top/Bottom 141A/143B Petiole L, diameter, 7.5 cm texture 0.3 cm smooth Petiole color N78B Shoot tip color (first 142B opened leaf) Harvest date Aug. 11 Peduncle L, diam., 3.0 cm color, texture 0.5 cm N144B Smooth
Flower Descriptions
(25) The floral buds and flower clusters are formed with in the latent (dormant) bud in the year before flowering. As the pre-formed nodes on the compressed stems within the latent bud expand and the flower clusters begin developing and the individual flowers on the panicle begin forming. They are very small 2-4 mm and closer to 2 mm with wine grapes.
Leaf Descriptions
(26) Cuneiform with broad flat basal lobes, deep open lateral sinuses, lyre shaped petiolar sinus, closed overlapping petiolar sinus, short sharp teeth on leaf margin, light tomentum on adaxial surface, red-purple color (N78B) in the petioles, but does not diffuse into the main veins.
Berry Descriptions
(27) The variety does not have slip-skin type grapes. They have skin that adheres to the flesh tightly. They are not firm at ripeness and are soft compared to modern era table grapes at harvest. The pedicels have normal attachment to the berries and are not distinguishable from other V. vinifera wine grapes in this or other morphological features, nor in juice and wine analysis.
Fruit and Juice Parameters
(28) YAN is yeast assimilable nitrogen and helps predict fermentation success. Seed color is rated as green to brown for mature seeds.
(29) Table 7 presents the wine characteristics of Camminare Noir.
(30) TABLE-US-00007 TA L-malic acid Potassium Brix (g/L) pH (g/L) (mg/L) Camminare 27.8 6.8 3.44 1.89 1930 Noir Total YAN Catechin Tannin anthocyanins (mg/L, as N) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Camminare 191 18 512 1382 Noir
(31) Table 8 presents the juice, fruit and seed phenotype of Camminare Noir.
(32) TABLE-US-00008 Juice Juice Skin Hue Intensity Juice Flavor Flavor Camminare pink-red med fruity, straw sweet hay Noir Skin Seed Seed Tannin Color Tannin (1 = low, (1 = gr, Seed (1 = high, 4 = high) 4 = br) Flavor 4 = low) Camminare 1 4 woody, spicy 3 Noir
(33) Camminare Noir has excellent PD resistance. However, it is highly susceptible to a wide range of pests and diseases in a manner similar to other V. vinifera cultivars, and thus it must be treated as a pure V. vinifera cultivar in terms of susceptibility to fungal diseases and pests. Camminare Noir has no known tolerance to adverse weather. Plants observed were found to be true to type through successive generations of asexual reproductions.