Bio-Degradable Composition

Abstract

Present invention is related to a bio-degradable composition having: PVC powder 100 phr, a plasticizer 4060 phr and an enzyme 0.54 phr. The bio-degradable material has degradation rate over 90% under anaerobic environment. The combination of plasticizer and enzyme give the present invention the ability of degrading. Because there is no additional bio material involved, the physical property and mechanical property of the present invention can be remained. Since the products made by the present invention only can be degraded under anaerobic environment, the products can maintain in good condition or qualities under normal circumstances with the existing of oxygen.

Claims

1. A bio-degradable composition comprising: Polyvinyl Chloride powder 100 phr, a plasticizer 40160 phr, and an enzyme 0.54 phr, wherein: the bio-degradable composition has degradation rate over 90% at anaerobic environment.

2. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein a filler below 20 phr and/or a stabilizer 1.55 phr is further included in the bio-degradable composition.

3. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the filler includes one or a complex of calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, calcium sulfate, talc, titanium dioxide or antimonous oxide (Sb.sub.2O.sub.3).

4. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein a chemical structure of the plasticizer is linear without benzene ring structure.

5. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein a chemical structure of the plasticizer is linear without benzene ring structure.

6. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein a chemical structure of the plasticizer is linear without benzene ring structure.

7. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is soybean oil.

8. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the plasticizer is soybean oil.

9. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the plasticizer is soybean oil.

10. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the enzyme is an ester.

11. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the enzyme is an ester.

12. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the enzyme is an ester.

13. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 10, wherein the ester is synthesized from inorganic acids with alcohols, lipid with alcohol or chlorinated derivatives of carboxylic acids.

14. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the ester is synthesized from inorganic acids with alcohols, lipid with alcohol or chlorinated derivatives of carboxylic acids.

15. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the ester is synthesized from inorganic acids with alcohols, lipid with alcohol or chlorinated derivatives of carboxylic acids.

16. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein the inorganic acids include phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.

17. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein the inorganic acids include phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.

18. The bio-degradable composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the inorganic acids include phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The steps and the technical means adopted by the present invention to achieve the above and other objects can be best understood by referring to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0014] FIG. 1 is a gas accumulation measurement test of preferred embodiments in accordance with the present invention; and

[0015] FIG. 2 is a degradation test result of preferred embodiments in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0016] Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts. It is not intended to limit the method by the exemplary embodiments described herein. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to attain a thorough understanding of the disclosed embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of a, an, and the may include reference to the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the terms comprise or comprising, include or including, have or having, contain or containing and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to.

[0017] A bio-degradable composition comprises: Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) powder 100 phr, a plasticizer 40160 phr, and an enzyme 0.54 phr.

[0018] The said plasticizer is preferable to be a plasticizer whose chemical structure without benzene ring structure or functional group, more preferable to be a plasticizer whose chemical structure is linear without benzene ring structure or functional group. One embodiment of the plasticizer may be soybean oil.

[0019] The enzyme (or catalyst) is preferred to be an ester. The said ester may include one or a combination of multiple types of ester. For example, the ester may be synthesized from inorganic acids (such as phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid) with alcohols. The ester can also be synthesized from lipid (or fat, oil with functional group of RCOOR) with alcohol. The ester may also be synthesized from chlorinated derivatives of carboxylic acids.

[0020] The combination of the plasticizer and the enzyme provides the present invention with bio-degradable ability. The so-called bio-degradable ability refers to the final product made by the composition of the present invention can be degraded or decomposed totally (even the PVC part) or over 90% within a period of time at anaerobic environment.

[0021] The mechanism of why the present invention with high content of non-degradable PVC still can achieve high level of degradation ability is that the combination of the linear structure plasticizer with no benzene ring and the ester enzyme can trigger decomposition of enzyme and induce a large number of anaerobic bacteria in the environment to consume the degradable and non-degradable components of the present invention. Hence, the present invention will be gradually digested and decomposed into several gases to achieve the ability of degradation. The most important is that the degradation product of the present invention does not include carcinogenic pollutants such as dioxin.

[0022] The bio-degradable composition of the present invention may further include a filler no more than 20 phr and/or a stabilizer 1.55 phr so as to achieve the purpose of cost down and good processability but still maintain the bio-degradable ability of the present invention. The filler may be one or a complex of calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, calcium sulfate, talc, titanium dioxide or antimonous oxide (Sb.sub.2O.sub.3). The existence of antimonous oxide at 3 phr or more further shows flame resistance ability.

[0023] With reference to below chart 1, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided.

TABLE-US-00001 CHART 1 Sample No. PVC powder Plasticizer Enzyme POSITIVE 0 0 0 (Natural bio-degradable material 100 phr) NEGETIVE 100 phr 0 0 1565 100 phr 40 phr 1.5 phr (Present invention) 1566 100 phr 40 hr 0 (Control group)

[0024] Sample No. 1565 in chart 1 is a preferred embodiment of the present invention with PVC powder 100 phr, the plasticizer 40 phr and the enzyme 1.5 phr. The plasticizer and the enzyme of this embodiment is soybean oil and the enzyme synthesized from inorganic acids with alcohols. Sample No. 1565 in chart 1 only represents a best or preferred embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other range of optional content of the present invention are also tested and proven valid.

[0025] With reference to below chart 2, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a one year degradation/decomposition test is conducted. Test standard of this degradation/decomposition test is ASTM D5511-12 (Anaerobic bacteria bio-degradation test in oxygen free environment) by using samples in chart 1 with a form of thin film in thickness 1.15 mm and 686 g/m.sup.2 unit weight. According to gas accumulation measurement in chart 2 and FIG. 1, the accumulated gas of each samples are measured during decomposition. The gas accumulated of sample No. 1565 of the present invention is significantly more than the gas accumulated of other samples. This means that the present invention has greater degradation ability among other samples. As shown by the samples named POSITIVE and No. 1565, these two samples can proof that the degradation rate of the present invention is faster than normal natural decomposable material. Samples named NEGATIVE and No. 1566 are shown no sign of degradation with almost no gas production during this test. Chart 2 and FIG. 2 show that during the one year degradation/decomposition, the sample No. 1565 do have degradation ability and the degradation rate can reach nearly 100%, even higher than the POSITIVE sample which is a natural decomposable material. Samples named NEGATIVE and No. 1566 are otherwise proven no degradation ability by this test.

TABLE-US-00002 CHART 2 NEGETIVE POSITIVE 1565 1566 Volume of 3175.9 11454.1 16650.6 3171.2 Accumulated Gas (mL) Content of 43.7 35.0 49.3 43.6 Methane (CH.sub.4 %) Volume of 1387.2 4014.6 8205.7 1381.4 Methane (CH.sub.4 mL) Mass of 0.99 2.87 5.86 0.99 Methane (CH.sub.4 g) Content of 36.5 42.8 42.8 42.5 CO.sub.2 (CO.sub.2 %) Volume of 1159.8 4905.5 7120.8 1348.1 CO.sub.2 (CO.sub.2 mL) Mass of 2.28 9.64 13.99 2.65 CO.sub.2 (CO.sub.2 g) Mass of 1.43 1.36 4.78 8.21 Degradation (g) Degradation 0.8 79.3 91.3 0.4 Rate (%)

[0026] Above samples are further tested for production of dioxin and furan by burning the film. Ashes or residues of the burning films of each samples are tested by standard NIEA M801.13B. The national standard for this test is that if the production of dioxin and furan are tested over 1.0 ng I-TEQ/g, the sample will be considered exceeding this standard. The test result of the present invention shows only 0.001 ng I-TEQ/g of dioxin and furan production which is lower than the national standard.

[0027] With reference to Chart 3, physical and mechanical properties of sample No. 1565 in accordance to the present invention are provided. Chart 3 shows that the present invention not only has high level of degradation ability but also has good physical and mechanical properties.

TABLE-US-00003 CHART 3 Test Item Test Standard Values Tensile JIS-K-6772 Warp 22.38 (kg/3 cm) Strength Tensile speed: Woof 18.35 (kg/3 cm) 200 mm/min Elongation JIS-K-6772 Warp 143 (%) Tested when Woof 169 (%) breakage Tearing JIS-K-6772 Warp 2.53 (kg) Strength Woof 2.36 (kg) Strip Off JIS-K-6772 Warp 2.8 (kg/3 cm) Strength Woof 1.89 (kg/3 cm) Flexulus JIS-K-6545 Warp 10000 (Times/5 Grade) Resistance (25 C.) Woof Bursting Mullen Type 10.5 (kg/cm.sup.2) Strength Blocking Test JIS-K-6772 5 (Grade) (at 70 C.) Color Fastness JIS-K-6772 Dry 5 (Grade) Test/Rubbing Test Wet 5 (Grade)

[0028] With reference to below chart 4-5, these test results show that as the content of enzyme increased, the degradation condition of the present invention will become more obvious and faster. Each sample showed in chart 4 is produced into tested film and buried in soil for 9 months. The appearance of each sample after burying in soil shows in chart 5.

TABLE-US-00004 CHART 4 Sample Content 1 2 3 4 PVC (phr) 100 100 100 100 Plasticizer (phr) 95 95 95 95 Enzyme (phr) 0 0.5 1.5 3 0 0.5 1.5 3 0 0.5 1.5 3 0 0.5 1.5 3 Stabilizer (phr) 2 2 2 2 CaCO.sub.3 (phr) 20 20 20 20 Sb.sub.2O.sub.3 (phr) 0.5 1.5 3 Flame resistance None None None Yes ability

TABLE-US-00005 CHART 5 Enzyme content Sample 0 phr 0.5 phr 1.5 phr 3 phr 1 Complete and Slightly Cracking on Severe 2 smooth, shows cracking on the the surface cracking on the 3 no cracking on surface surface 4 the surface

[0029] The bio-degradable composition of the present invention may be manufactured into a film, a membrane or various forms of applications for applying to building materials, industrial products or consumer's daily products. The bio-degradable composition of the present invention has great elastic property which is very suitable for producing artificial leather products. As described above, the present invention will only be degraded or decomposed in oxygen free environment with the existence of anaerobic bacteria, the quality and appearance of the final products made by the present invention will be perfectly preserved under normal environment.

[0030] The above specification, examples, and data provide a complete description of the present disclosure and use of exemplary embodiments. Although various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above with a certain degree of particularity, or with reference to one or more individual embodiments, those with ordinary skill in the art could make numerous alterations or modifications to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure.