SEAT

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a seat intended to be mounted on chairs, benches with seats, stadium seats, and toilet seats. Characteristic for the seat is that an upper surface 1 of the seat is variously shaped such that from the side of a rear edge 2 it slopes downwards, following an arc, towards a front edge 3 of the seat and the upper surface 1 has rear recesses 4, central recesses 5, front recesses 6, and side recesses 7 arranged thereon, symmetrically in relation to the longitudinal symmetry axis of the seat, where all of which are located within a profiled ergonomic niche 8 with a shape similar to the letter H, while a transverse arm 9 of the profiled ergonomic niche 8 connects longitudinal arms 10 of the profiled ergonomic niche 8 forming a relief groove. The rear recesses 4, central recesses 5, and front recesses 6 have different length and depth, and have an ellipsoidal shape; they are arranged one after the other along the longitudinal arm 10 of the profiled ergonomic niche 8, and the side recesses 7 are arranged between the central recesses 5 and front recesses 6 and side edges 11 of the seat.

Claims

1. A seat having a profiled upper surface with recesses and inclinations of a part of the upper surface, wherein the upper surface of the seat is variously shaped such that from a side of a rear edge, said upper surface is inclined downwards, following an arc, towards a front edge of the seat, and the upper surface has rear recesses, central recesses, front recesses, and side recesses arranged thereon, symmetrically in relation to the longitudinal symmetry axis of the seat, where all of which are located within a profiled ergonomic niche with a shape similar to the letter H, while a transverse arm of the profiled ergonomic niche connects longitudinal arms of the profiled ergonomic niche forming a relief groove, while the rear recesses, central recesses, and front recesses have different length and depth, and have an ellipsoidal shape; and are arranged one after the other along a longitudinal arm of the profiled ergonomic niche, and side recesses are arranged between the central recesses and front recesses and side edges of the seat.

2. The seat according to claim 1, wherein the rear recesses, central recesses, and front recesses are situated at angles in relation to a longitudinal symmetry axis of the seat, and an angle increases from a point of a deepest central recess towards the front edge of the seat.

3. The seat according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the seat, from the rear recesses, central recesses, and front recesses towards the side edges, forms bulges which decrease in height from a side of the rear edge towards the front edge; and in a front part from the side of the front edge, the seat surface is flat.

4. The seat according to claim 1, wherein the side recesses are located on bulges of the upper surface of the seat, which are situated approximately halfway across the bulges, between the side edges and a longitudinal arm of the profiled ergonomic niche.

5. The seat according to claim 1, wherein the side recesses have longer axes arranged at an angle in relation to longitudinal arms of the profiled ergonomic niche.

6. The seat according to claim 1, wherein the rear recesses and the central recesses, from the side of the rear edge to a point of a deepest central recess, are situated at an angle in a range of 8-14 degrees, optionally 12 degrees, and from a point of a deepest central recess through the front recesses towards the front edge, they are situated at an angle in the range of 16-20 degrees, optionally 18 degrees.

7. The seat according to claim 1, wherein the central recesses have centres of greatest depth situated at approximately of a length of the seat from a rear edge thereof, respectively.

8. The seat according to claim 1, wherein the side recesses are situated at approximately of a length of the seat from a rear edge thereof and at approximately 1/10 of a width of the seat from a side edge thereof, respectively.

9. The seat according to claim 1, wherein the rear recesses, central recesses, front recesses, and side recesses are arranged such that drawing a line through a deepest central recess and a farthest point towards the front edge of the front recess forms an ascending line, and drawing a line through the side recess and a farthest point towards the front edge of the front recess forms a descending line; the lines intersect to form a flattened X.

10. The seat according to claim 1, wherein said seat is a seat part of at least one of chairs, benches with seats, stadium seats, or said seat is a toilet seat.

11. The seat according to claim 1, wherein said seat has a centrally located pear shaped opening which has a taper in a front part of the seat.

12. The seat according to claim 11, wherein an edge of n opening overlaps a part of the central recess and the relief groove.

13. The seat according to claim 1, wherein said seat further comprises a lumbar support which is connected to the seat via a bracket attached to a bottom surface of the seat and to a rear surface of the lumbar support; the lumbar support is an element with a substantially flat rectangular back and a profiled contact part that has a recessed central part and side surfaces obliquely situated in relation to the recessed central part; wherein a surface of the recessed central part and obliquely situated side surfaces are convex, and between the recessed central part and the obliquely situated side surfaces, there are arranged concave triangular surfaces.

14. The seat according to claim 13, wherein the profiled contact part of the lumbar support along a longer symmetry axis thereof is bulged along a radius R 25; a profiled recessed central part is substantially half the width of the lumbar support, and a remaining width of a backrest is formed by two obliquely situated side surfaces, where along side edges of a profiled recessed central part in a direction of a longer axis, there are arranged concave triangular surfaces with a radius of R 100 and a width at the base of a triangle in a range of 15-25 mm, optionally 20 mm, the apices of which meet at half of a height of a backrest at a height of an longer axis of symmetry, and profiled side surfaces extend from n edge of concave triangular surfaces towards n outer side edge of the lumbar support, and an inclination angle thereof is in a range of 20-30, optionally 24, and a length of said side surfaces is optionally in a range of 55-75 mm, optionally 65 mm.

15. The seat according to claim 1, wherein said seat is made of one or more materials that are easy to disinfect, optionally of wood-based materials, plastics or metal.

Description

[0029] The subject of the invention will be explained in more detail by the exemplary embodiment shown in the illustrative drawing in which it is shown:

[0030] FIG. 1a schematic perspective top view of the seat, in one variant of the embodiment, showing the ergonomic niche with an illustration of the arrangement of characteristic recesses in its contour,

[0031] FIG. 2a schematic top view of the seat, in one variant of the embodiment, in which levels are used to show the direction of the depth changes in the recesses within the ergonomic niche, taking into account their distinct position and function,

[0032] FIG. 3a sequence of the sectional views along the H-H, J-J, K-K, L-L lines of the seat, in one variant of the embodiment, shown in FIG. 2,

[0033] FIG. 4a schematic illustration of a part of the seat, in one variant of the embodiment, in a top view and sectional view along the G-G1 line,

[0034] FIG. 5a schematic illustration of the seat, in one variant of the embodiment, showing lines forming a flattened X mark,

[0035] FIG. 6a schematic perspective top view of the seat, in a further variant of the embodiment, showing the ergonomic niche with an illustration of the arrangement of characteristic recesses in its contour,

[0036] FIG. 7a schematic illustration of a part of the seat, in a further variant of the embodiment, in a top view and sectional view along the G-G1 line,

[0037] FIG. 8a schematic perspective top view of the seat, in a further variant of the embodiment including a lumbar support,

[0038] FIG. 9a schematic perspective top view of the bracket to which the seat and the lumbar support are attached,

[0039] FIG. 10views of the lumbar support in a front view, side view, top view, sectional view, and in perspective.

[0040] For a better understanding of the invention, it is presented in more detail in the following embodiments, which are only illustrative examples and are not intended to limit the invention.

EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0041] The arrangement of the recesses in the following implementations takes into account dimensions of adult human pelvis, developed on the basis of generally available graphs of percentile grids. In other implementations, the seats have individual angles of inclination and recesses, taking into account dimensions appropriate for population of children and adolescents. However, regardless of the final dimensions in the individual embodiments, the proportions of the shape of the upper surface of the seat, as well as the arrangement and the shape of the recesses comply with the scope of the desired protection as defined by the appended claims.

[0042] In the present exemplary embodiments, the seat shapes have been made on the basis of the available databases analysis in terms of dimensions characteristic for given age groups.

[0043] The applicable EU standards, for example for school furniture, were also included.

[0044] In the exemplary implementation shown in the accompanying drawings FIGS. 1-5, the seat is intended for adults, so its dimensions are selected to match the statistically determined sizes.

[0045] In this form, the seat has a profiled upper surface with recesses and inclinations in a part of the upper surface. The upper surface 1 of the seat is variously shaped such that from the side of the rear edge 2 it slopes downwards towards the front edge 3 of the seat. This slope runs gently, following an arc, supporting pelvic muscles, particularly gluteal muscles, which in turn increases the effect of the pelvic bones relief. At the same time, the profiling of the back of the seat helps to maintain the proper angular position of the pelvis, which can be easily verified by measuring the Whitman-Ferguson's angle. The rear part of the seat has a rounded apex, the maximum height of which corresponds to approximately of the length of the seat. An arc-like slope extends from the apex of the rear edge of the seat to the edge from the rear side of the central recess 5 which is situated at approximately 1/10 of the height of the seat.

[0046] On the upper surface 1, there are arranged, symmetrically in relation to the longitudinal symmetry axis of the seat, rear recesses 4 to position the ramus of the ischial bone, central recesses 5 to position the ischial tuberosities, front recesses 6 to position the sciatic nerves, and side recesses 7 to relieve the trochanter of the femur. All recesses are placed within the profiled ergonomic niche 8 with a shape similar to the letter H. The transverse arm 9 of the profiled ergonomic niche 8 connects the longitudinal arms 10 of the profiled ergonomic niche 8 forming a relief groove 13. The rear recesses 4, central recesses 5, and front recesses 6 have different length and depth, and have an ellipsoidal shape; they are arranged one after the other along the longitudinal arm 10 of the profiled ergonomic niche 8. The rear recesses 4 are arranged on an inclination, following the arc of the rear part, and have the shape of an elongated ellipse with the maximum length close to the height of the apex of the rear part, while the maximum width of this recess is about of its length, while the rear recesses 4 have the greatest depth in their central part. The rear recesses 4 are approximately twice as long as the central recesses 5.

[0047] In this embodiment, the longer axes of the ellipsoidal rear recesses 4, central recesses 5, and front recesses 6 extend along the length of the seat, with the rear recesses 4 extending over about of the length of the seat, the central recesses 5 extending over about 1/7 of the length of the seat, and the front recesses 6 extending over about of the length of the seat. The longer axes of the ellipsoidal side recesses 7 are arranged at an angle in relation to the longitudinal arms 10 of the profiled ergonomic niche 8.

[0048] The central recesses 5 are the deepest ones, and they are situated 15 cm from the rear edge 2 of the seat and 12.5 cm from the side edge 11 of the seat. The side recesses 7 are situated between the central recesses 5 and front recesses 6 and the side edges 11 of the seat; and in this embodiment, they are located 11.5 cm from the rear edge 2 of the seat and 5.5 cm from the side edge 11. The central recesses 5 are situated at about 2/7 of the length of the seat from its rear edge 2 and at about 1/7 of the width of the seat from its side edge 11, respectively.

[0049] The deepest points of individual recesses are located centrally in individual recesses.

[0050] If a line was drawn between the apex of the rear edge 2 and the foremost point of the seat, then in this exemplary embodiment, the deepest point of the rear recess 4 is situated 37 mm from this hypothetical line, the deepest point of the central recess 5 is situated 45 mm from this line, the deepest point of the front recess 6 is situated 26 mm from this line, and the deepest point of the side recess 7 is situated 23 mm from this line.

[0051] At the same time, the rear recesses 4, central recesses 5, and front recesses 6 are arranged one after the other in a line, and are situated at an angle in relation to the longitudinal symmetry axis of the seat, and this angle is variable along the length. From the side of the rear edge 2 to the point of the deepest central recess 5, this angle is 12 degrees, and from the point of the deepest central recess 5 through the front recesses 6 towards the front edge 3, the said angle is 18 degrees. The different angles between the longitudinal recesses 4 and the recesses 6 position the pelvis as favourably as possible, for greater comfort of use. Moreover, an obtuse angle between the front recesses 6 allows the relaxation of the ligamentous-capsular system of the hip joints as well as for the intermediate positioning of the sacroiliac joints, in which, in the sitting position, there is a tendency to excessive nutation of the sacrum.

[0052] The upper surface 1 of the seat, from the rear recesses 4, central recesses 5, and front recesses 6 towards the side edges, forms bulges 12 which decrease in height from the rear edge 2 towards the front edge 3; and in the front part from the side of the front edge 3, the seat surface 1 is flat.

[0053] The side recesses 7 are located on the bulges 12 of the upper surface 1 of the seat, which are situated halfway across the bulges 12, between the side edges and the longitudinal arm of the profiled ergonomic niche.

[0054] In this embodiment, the profiled ergonomic niche has a contour with a shape similar to the letter H which encompasses all the recesses.

[0055] In addition, the rear recesses 4, central recesses 5, front recesses 6, and side recesses 7 are arranged such that drawing a line through the deepest central recess 5 and the farthest point towards the front edge 3 of the front recess 6 forms an ascending line, and drawing a line through the side recess 7 and the farthest point towards the front edge 3 of the front recess 6 forms a descending line; the lines intersect to form a flattened letter X.

[0056] According to the problem to be solved, the subject seat is made of materials that are easy to disinfect. In this implementation embodiment, it is made of wood-based materials, but in other embodiments, the seat is made of plastic or metal. These materials allow easy cleaning and disinfection of the surface, which result in the maintenance of hygiene.

[0057] According to the present invention, the seat developed by the Applicants is a seat part of chairs, but in other embodiments it can also be mounted to benches with seats as stadium seats. In another embodiment, the seat with the above-described recesses in the upper surface can also be used for toilet seats.

[0058] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the seat is a toilet seat which has a centrally located pear-shaped opening. A wider pear-shaped part of the opening is situated at the rear part of the seat, and the edge of the opening overlaps the part of the central recess and the relief groove. In this embodiment, the opening 14 has a taper in the front part of the seat that extends over about of the opening. Thanks to this shape of the opening, in the front part of the seat, widened side surfaces have been provided to ensure comfortable positioning of the user's thighs.

[0059] Combining the seat described in the above exemplary embodiments with an additional element in the form of a lumbar support enables an appropriate influence of these elements on the spine. Such a solution is another variant of the solution presented in FIG. 8 and FIG. 10. Due to the as-proposed shape, the lumbar support affects the most delicate connection in the spine, i.e. the L5S1 segment. The combination of the seat and the backrest according to the present invention is based on the principle of a closed kinematic chain. Supporting the pelvis and the lumbar section allows the muscles that have attachments to this anatomical part of the locomotor system to be used to build the appropriate shape of the upper spine. This applies mainly to the extensor muscles of the spine. Thanks to the appropriate shape of the seat and the lumbar support, the proper support of the pelvis and the lumbar spine is achieved, limiting the mobility of these parts, and thereby enabling the proper positioning of the thoracic and cervical sections. The shape of the seat and the lumbar support developed by the Inventors, including the convex lumbar support located in the recess, with the simultaneous side support for these muscles, engages the muscles connecting the pelvis with the thorax. Such stabilization guarantees the formation of the closed kinematic chain.

[0060] In the seats presented so far, the lumbar support causes the pelvis to slide forward and to rotate backwards, which are coexisting phenomena leading to kyphotization of this section of the locomotor system. As a result of such positioning of the pelvis, the thoracic kyphosis worsens while the cervical lordosis is abolished. This is a typical posture mistake, especially of young people, which is referred to as round back. This very often leads to irreversible changes in the form of Scheuermann's disease.

[0061] In another preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 8-10, the seat is additionally provided with a lumbar support which is connected to the seat via a holder attached to the bottom surface of the seat and to the rear surface of the lumbar support. The lumbar support is an element having a substantially flat rectangular back and a profiled contact part that has a recessed central part and side surfaces obliquely situated in relation to the recessed central part, wherein the surface of the recessed central part and the obliquely situated side surfaces are convex, and between the recessed central part and the obliquely situated side surfaces, there are arranged concave triangular surfaces.

[0062] In this variant of the embodiment, apart from the part of the backrest supporting the lumbar lordosis of the spine, a new shape of the backrest surface was applied, in the form of triangular surfaces located between the lordosis supporting surface and the side surface stabilizing the person sitting on the seat. The function of these triangular surfaces is to relieve the part of the sitting person's skeletal system. The upper concave triangular surfaces are made to relieve the free ribs in their distal sections, while the lower concave triangular surfaces are made to relieve the posterior superior iliac spines.

[0063] Preferably, when the profiled contact part of the lumbar support is bulged along its longer symmetry axis along the radius R 25, the profiled recessed central part is half the width of the lumbar support, and the remaining width of the backrest is formed by two obliquely situated side surfaces. Along the side edges of the profiled recessed central part in the direction of the longer axis, there are substantially triangular recesses with a radius R 100 and a width at the base of the triangle in the range of 15-25 mm, preferably 20 mm, the apices of which meet at the height of the longer axis of symmetry. The profiled side surfaces extend from the edge of the concave triangular surfaces towards the outer side edge of the lumbar support, and their inclination angle is in the range of 20-30, preferably 24, and the length of these side surfaces is in the range of 55-75 mm, preferably 65 mm.

[0064] Additional Marks: [0065] Athe starting point of the rear recess under the ramus of the ischial bone in the seat [0066] Bthe rear recess under the ramus of the ischial bone in the seat [0067] Cthe side recess for the trochanter of the femur in the seat [0068] Dthe central point of the central recess for the ischial tuberosity in the seat [0069] Ethe central part of the front recess that relieves the sciatic nerve in the seat [0070] Fthe ending point of the front recess that relieves the sciatic nerve in the seat [0071] G-D-G1the line connecting the recesses that extend along the seat in the seat [0072] Z-Dthe line connecting the centre of the central recess for the ischial tuberosity with the ending point of the front recess that relieves the sciatic nerve in the seat [0073] Y-Cthe line connecting the side recess for the trochanter of the femur with the ending point of the front recess that relieves the sciatic nerve in the seat