MOLONEY MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS-BASED SELF-INACTIVATING VECTOR AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

Abstract

Provided are a Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector and applications thereof. The self-inactivating vector comprises: 5LTR, a target expression gene or multiple cloning sites used for inserting the target expression gene, 3LTR, and a polyadenylated nucleic acid fragment, where the nucleic acid fragment between the Pvu II enzyme cutting site and the Sac I enzyme cutting site of the U3 region of 5LTR is replaced by a CMV enhancer and a CMV promoter connected to the CMV enhancer, the nucleic acid fragment between the Pvu II enzyme cutting site and the Sac I enzyme cutting site of the U3 region of 3LTR is deleted, and the polyadenylated nucleic acid fragment is located at the 3-terminus of 3LTR. The self-inactivating vector, serving as a vector for a gene therapy, provides increased safeness and a high virus titer, and allows the high-efficiency expression of a target gene.

Claims

1. A Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector, comprising: 5LTR, wherein a nucleic acid fragment between Pvu II enzyme recognition site and Sac I enzyme recognition site in U3 region of the 5LTR of the self-inactivating vector is replaced by CMV enhancer and CMV promoter connected to the CMV enhancer; a target gene or a multiple cloning site for insertion of the target gene; and 3LTR, wherein a nucleic acid fragment between a PvuII enzyme recognition site and a Sac I enzyme recognition site in U3 region of the 3LTR of the self-inactivating vector is deleted, and a polyadenylation signal sequence is located at the 3-terminal of the 3LTR of the self-inactivating vector.

2. The self-inactivating vector according to claim 1, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the 5LTR is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; and/or, the nucleotide sequence of the 3LTR is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2.

3. The self-inactivating vector according to claim 1, wherein the polyadenylation signal sequence is derived from Simian virus 40, and the nucleotide sequence of the polyadenylation signal sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3.

4. The self-inactivating vector according to claim 1, further comprising a post-transcriptional regulatory element, wherein the post-transcriptional regulatory element is located close to the 5 terminal of the 3LTR, and located at the 3 terminal of the target gene or the multiple cloning site; optionally, the post-transcriptional regulatory element is oPRE.

5. The self-inactivating vector according to claim 1, further comprising a replication origin derived from bacteria and a resistance gene as a marker.

6. The self-inactivating vector according to claim 5, wherein the replication origin is pUC ori; and the resistance gene is a gene encoding a protein with resistance to a drug selected from the group consisting of kanamycin, zeocin, actinomycin, ampicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, penicillin and a combination thereof.

7. The self-inactivating vector according to claim 1, further comprising a reporter gene.

8. A retrovirus packaging system, comprising at least two plasmids, wherein one of the plasmids is the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector according to claim 1, and the self-inactivating vector comprises a target gene.

9. A virus particle, which is generated by transfecting a host cell with the retrovirus packaging system according to claim 8.

10. A gene therapy drug, comprising the virus particle according to claim 9 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the MMLV self-inactivating vector 4C in Example 1;

[0021] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the MMLV self-inactivating vector 4D in Example 1;

[0022] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the MMLV self-inactivating vector oPRE-4C in Example 1;

[0023] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the MMLV self-inactivating vector oPRE-4D in Example 1; and

[0024] FIG. 5 is a fluorescence image of HEK293T cells infected by each packaged MMLV self-inactivating vector in Example 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the following will describe the present invention more fully. However, the present invention may be realized in many different forms and is not limited to the examples described herein. On the contrary, these examples are provided to make the disclosed content of the present invention more thorough and complete.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific examples only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector comprising 5LTR, a target gene or a multiple cloning site for inserting a target gene, 3LTR and a polyadenylation signal sequence. A nucleic acid fragment between PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site in U3 region of 5LTR of the self-inactivating vector is replaced by CMV enhancer and CMV promoter connected to the CMV enhancer. A nucleic acid fragment between PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site in U3 region of 3LTR of the self-inactivating vector is deleted. The polyadenylation signal sequence is located at 3 end of 3LTR of the self-inactivating vector.

[0028] During the research, it has been found that traditional MMLV self-inactivating vector still comprises CAAT box and partial promoter sequence that denote the characteristic of traditional promoter sequences before SacI enzyme recognition site in U3 region of 3LTR (i.e., between PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site), indicating that there is still a risk of insertional upregulation. This factor needs to be taken into account when assessing the risk of tumorigenesis in gene therapy strategy using MMLV-based self-inactivating vector. After the ideal MMLV self-inactivating vector with high safety is integrated into the genome, there should not be any activity of promoter/enhancer derived from virus in LTR, and the expression of the exogenous target gene only depends on the internal promoter. Therefore, in order to further improve the biological safety of the MMLV self-inactivating vector, eliminate the influence of the potential promoter/enhancer activity in the MMLV self-inactivating vector, and enable the target gene to be expressed efficiently, the MMLV self-inactivating vector is further modified. For U3 region of 5LTR, a nucleic acid fragment between PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site in U3 region is deleted. However, the deletion of this region may seriously weaken the transcription ability of the viral genome, resulting in a sharp drop in virus titer. In order to overcome this defect, RSV promoter, SV40 enhancer+RSV promoter or CMV enhancer+CMV promoter are added at the 5 end of SacI enzyme recognition site. For U3 region of 3LTR, a nucleic acid fragment between PvuII enzyme recognition site and XbaI enzyme recognition site in U3 region is deleted, and a sequence between XbaI site and SacI site in U3 region is further deleted. In addition, in order to further strengthen the ability of post-transcriptional processing of viral genome RNA and increase virus titer, a polyadenylation signal sequence is added to the 3 end of 3LTR as an element to enhance RNA stability.

[0029] In the present embodiments, a nucleic acid fragment between PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site of U3 region of 5LTR of the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector is replaced with CMV enhancer and CMV promoter connected to CMV enhancer. Particularly, the nucleotide sequence of the 5LTR of the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; and/or, the nucleotide sequence of the 3LTR of the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2. Particularly, the polyadenylation signal sequence is derived from Simian virus 40, and the nucleotide sequence of the polyadenylation signal sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3.

[0030] In the present embodiment, PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site in U3 region of 5LTR, and PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site in U3 region of 3LTR are not deleted. In some embodiments, at least one of PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site in U3 region of 5LTR may be deleted, and at least one of PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site in U3 region of 3LTR may be deleted.

[0031] In some embodiments, the above Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector further comprises a post-transcriptional regulatory element. The post-transcriptional regulatory element is used to increase the expression level of exogenous genes (i.e., target genes). The post-transcriptional regulatory element is located between 3LTR and the target gene or the multiple cloning site for insertion of the target gene, i.e., between the 5 end of 3LTR and the 3 end of the target gene or the multiple cloning site. Further, the post-transcriptional regulatory element is oPRE. oPRE is optimized from WPRE, which can enhance the processing of the transcriptional product 3RNA, thereby significantly increasing the expression level of exogenous genes. Compared with WPRE, the promoter and coding region of WHVX are removed from oPRE, and the ATGs in 4 ORFs of WPRE that may encode proteins with more than 25 amino acids are mutated, thereby overcoming the potential risk of tumorigenesis of WPRE.

[0032] In some embodiments, the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector of the present invention further comprises a replication origin derived from bacteria and a resistance gene as a marker. The replication origin derived from bacteria and resistance gene are used to initiate the transcription and expression of the resistance gene, which is used to screen the correct vectors after construction. Optionally, the replication origin is pUC ori. In another embodiment, the replication origin is not limited to pUC ori, and may be other replication origins derived from bacteria. Optionally, the resistance gene is a gene encoding a protein with resistance to a drug selected from the group consisting of kanamycin, zeocin, actinomycin, ampicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, penicillin and a combination thereof.

[0033] In some embodiments, the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector of the present invention further comprises a reporter gene. Particularly, the reporter gene is a fluorescent reporter gene. More particularly, the fluorescent reporter gene is EGFP. In another embodiment, the reporter gene is not limited to the above, and may be selected according to specific needs.

[0034] Due to the deletion of the nucleic acid fragment between PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site in U3 region of 5LTR and the deletion of the nucleic acid fragment between PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site in U3 region of 3LTR in the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector, there is no CAAT box in U3 regions of 5LTR and 3LTR of the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector, thereby reducing the risk of insertional activation of the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector, and improving the safety of the self-inactivating vector. In addition, in the above Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector, CMV enhancer and CMV promoter are inserted in U3 region of 5LTR, a polyadenylation signal sequence is added to the 3 end of U3 region of 3LTR, and a post-transcriptional regulatory element is added at the 3 end of the target gene, so that the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector has high virus titer, and the expression level of the exogenous gene inserted in the self-inactivating vector is high. Therefore, the above Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector is a self-inactivating vector with high virus titer and no risk of insertional activation, which can increase the expression level of exogenous genes.

[0035] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a retrovirus packaging system comprising at least two plasmids, capable of producing retrovirus particles with infection ability (infect once) but no replication ability, wherein one of the plasmids is the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector, which contains the genetic information required for packaging, transfection and stable integration into the host cell, and serves to integrate the target gene into the genome of the host cell.

[0036] Optionally, the above retrovirus packaging system is a three-plasmid system, comprising the Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector, an envelope protein expression plasmid and gag-pol expression plasmid. The gag-pol expression plasmid contains gag gene and pol gene. The gag gene encodes a nucleocapsid protein, an inner membrane protein and a capsid protein. The pol gene encodes a polymerase precursor protein that is cleaved to generate protease, integrase, reverse transcriptase, and ribonuclease H. The RNA of the Moloney murine leukemia virus forms a hairpin structure, i.e. the so-called stem-loop of R region, between the cap and poly(A) signal, and promotes the accumulation of unspliced transcripts in the cytoplasm, so that the viral genomic RNA, capsid protein, reverse transcriptase, integrase, envelope protein and the like are assembled into pseudovirion particles. In another embodiment, the above retrovirus packaging system may be a two-plasmid system packaged using a cell line stably expressing gag-pol.

[0037] The above retrovirus packaging system comprises the above Moloney murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating vector, and can be used to prepare virus particles efficiently expressing exogenous genes with high safety.

[0038] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a virus particle, which is generated by transfecting a host cell with the above retrovirus packaging system. The virus particle generated by the retrovirus packaging system has no risk of insertional activation and can express the target gene efficiently.

[0039] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides use of the virus particle in the manufacture of a medicament for gene therapy.

[0040] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a medicament for gene therapy, which comprises the virus particle and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

[0041] The medicament for gene therapy comprises the above virus particle, which compensates or corrects the diseases caused by gene defects or gene abnormalities by introducing a normal or therapeutic target gene or nucleic acid molecule into a target cell, so as to achieve the therapeutic effect. The above medicament for gene therapy comprises the above virus particle, and has high safety.

EXAMPLES

[0042] The following will be described in detail in conjunction with specific examples. Unless otherwise specified, the following examples do not include other components except unavoidable impurities. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and instruments used in the examples are all conventional choices in the art. In the examples, the experimental methods for which specific conditions are not indicated are implemented according to conventional conditions, for example, the conditions described in literature and books or the method recommended by manufacturers.

Example 1

[0043] 1. Construction of MMLV Self-Inactivating Vectors with Various 5LTR and 3LTR

[0044] Due to the large number of vectors to be constructed, in order to quickly determine the LTR combination manners of different vectors, 5LTR and 3LTR of each vector were numbered. 5LTRs were sequentially numbered as 1, 2, 3 and 4, which had corresponding structural features as follows: [0045] 1 corresponding to the 5LTR of wild-type MMLV, as a control; [0046] 2 corresponding to the replacement of the sequence between PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site in wild-type 5LTR with RSV promoter; [0047] 3 corresponding to the replacement of the sequence between PvuII enzyme recognition site and SacI enzyme recognition site in wild-type 5LTR with SV40_En-RSV promoter (i.e., SV40 enhancer-RSV promoter); [0048] 4 corresponding to the replacement of the sequence between PvuII enzyme recognition site and SaCI enzyme recognition site in wild-type 5LTR with CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter.

[0049] 3LTRs were sequentially coded as A, B, C and D, which had corresponding structural features are as follows: [0050] A corresponding to 3LTR (PvuII-XbaI delete), which was obtained by deleting the promoter/enhancer sequence between PvuII enzyme recognition site and XbaI enzyme recognition site in U3 region; [0051] B corresponding to 3LTR-SV40 late pA (PvuII-XbaI delete), which was obtained by adding a polyadenylation signal sequence of SV40 (SV40 late pA), as an enhancing element, at the 3 end of 3LTR (PvuII-XbaI delete); [0052] C corresponding to 3LTR (PvuII-SacI delete), which was obtained by deleting the sequences at XbaI enzyme recognition site and between XbaI enzyme recognition site to SacI enzyme recognition site in U3 region of 3LTR-SV40 late pA (PvuII-XbaI delete); [0053] D corresponding to the 3LTR-SV40 late pA (PvuII-SacI delete), which was obtained by adding a polyadenylation signal sequence of SV40 (SV40 late pA), as an enhancing element, at the 3 end of 3LTR (PvuII-SacI delete).

[0054] The four 5LTR structures and four 3LTR structures were combined to construct 16 different MMLV self-inactivating vectors. Then oPRE element was introduced into the vectors with good test results. A total of 18 MMLV self-inactivating vectors were obtained, which had specific names as shown in Table 1. Schematic diagrams of the structures of MMLV self-inactivating vector 4C, MMLV self-inactivating vector 4D, MMLV self-inactivating vector oPRE-4C and MMLV self-inactivating vector oPRE-4D are shown in FIGS. 1-4.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Vector number Vector name 1A pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (PvuII-XbaI delete) 1B pMMLV SIN > EGFP (PvuII-XbaI delete/SV40pA) 1C pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (PvuII-SacI delete) 1D pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (PvuII-SacI delete/SV40pA) 2A pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (RSV-SacI/PvuII-XbaI delete) 2B pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (RSV-SacI/PvuII-XbaI delete/SV40pA) 2C pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (RSV-SacI/PvuII-SacI delete) 2D pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP(RSV-SacI/PvuII-SacI delete/SV40pA) 3A pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (RSV-SacI/PvuII-SacI delete/SV40pA) 3B pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (SV40_En-RSV-SacI/PvuII-XbaI delete) 3C pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (SV40_En-RSV-SacI/PvuII-XbaI delete/SV40pA) 3D pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (SV40_En-RSV-SacI/PvuII-SacI delete) 4A pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter-SacI/PvuII-XbaI delete) 4B pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter-SacI/PvuII-XbaI delete/SV40pA) 4C pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter-SacI/PvuII-SacI delete) 4D pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP (CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter-SacI/PvuII-SacI delete/SV40pA) oPRE-4C pMMLV SINCMV > EGFP-oPRE (CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter-SacI/PvuII-SacI delete) oPRE-4D pMMLV SIN-CMV > EGFP-oPRE (CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter-SacI/PvuII-SacI delete/SV40pA)

[0055] The above 18 vectors can be prepared according to the methods commonly used in the art. The process for constructing 4D vector is taken as an example and described in detail below, and the process for constructing other vectors is similar thereto.

[0056] 1.1 4D Vector was Constructed Using pMMLV[Exp]-CMV>EGFP with Wild-Type 5 and 3LTR as the Backbone Mainly by Two Steps:

[0057] 1.1.1 The Wild-Type 5LTR of MMLV was Modified to Construct pMMLV[Exp]-CMV>EGFP (CMV_Enhancer-CMV Promoter-SacI): [0058] (a) pMMLV[Exp]-CMV>EGFP was digested by XmnI+SpeI into fragments with a size of 4.8 kb and 0.9 kb, wherein the small fragment contained the wild-type 5LTR and the backbone sequences at both ends, and the large backbone fragment of 4.8 kb was recovered. [0059] (b) CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter-partly U3 (PvuII-SacI delete)-R-U5 fragment was subjected to PCR fusion amplification using pMMLV[Exp]-CMV>EGFP as a template. The upstream and downstream primers were added with homologous arms of about 20 bp at the 5 end for subsequent Gibson cloning reaction, wherein the sequences of the primers are as follows:

TABLE-US-00002 XmnI-F: (SEQIDNO:4) 5-CAGAACTTTAAAAGTGCTCATCATTG-3; Backbone-CMV-R: (SEQIDNO:5) 5-AGTTATGTAACGCGGAATGCAGGTGGCACTTTTCGGG-3; Backbone-CMV-F: (SEQIDNO:6) 5-GTGCCACCTGCATTCCGCGTTACATAACTTACGGTAAA-3; SacI-R: (SEQIDNO:7) 5-GGGCTCTTTTATTGAGCTCTGCTTATATAGACCTCC-3; SacI-F: (SEQIDNO:8) 5-GGTCTATATAAGCAGAGCTCAATAAAAGAGCCCACAAC-3; SpeI-R: (SEQIDNO:9) 5-GCCAGATACAGAGCTAGTTAGC-3. [0060] (c) The product of PCR amplification of about 1.2 kb in step (b) was recovered. [0061] (d) The product of the digestion of the backbone in step (a) and the PCR fragments obtained in step (c) were added at a certain ratio into Gison system for reaction. [0062] (e) Competent cells were transformed with the reaction product of step (d), which were then spread on LB plate for culture overnight. [0063] (f) Positive clones were identified by PCR and enzyme digestion. [0064] (g) The positive clones with correct sequences were verified by sequencing to obtain pMMLV[Exp]-CMV>EGFP (CMV_enhancer-CMVpromoter-SacI). The sequence of 5LTR of (CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter-partly U3 (PvuII-SacI delete)-R-U5) is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1.

[0065] 1.1.2 The Wild-Type 3LTR of MMLV was Modified to Construct 4D: [0066] (a) pMMLV[Exp]-CMV>EGFP (CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter-SacI) prepared in 1.1.1 was digested with AfflIII+SalI into fragments with a size of 5.2 kb and 0.8 kb, wherein the small fragment contained the wild-type 3LTR and the backbone sequences at both ends, and the large backbone fragment of 5.2 kb was recovered. [0067] (b) Partly U3(PvuII-SacI delete)-R-U5-5V40 late pA fragment was subjected to PCR fusion amplification using pMMLV[Exp]-CMV>EGFP as a template. The upstream and downstream primers were added with homologous arms of 20 bp at the 5 end for subsequent Gibson cloning reaction, wherein the sequences of the primers are as follows:

TABLE-US-00003 SalI-F: (SEQIDNO:10) 5-GAGCGGCCGCCAGCACAGTG-3; SacI-R: (SEQIDNO:11) 5-GGCTCTTTTATTGAGCTCCTGTTCCATCTGTTCCTGACCT-3; SacI-F: (SEQIDNO:12) 5-ACAGATGGAACAGGAGCTCAATAAAAGAGCCCACAAC-3; AflIII-R: (SEQIDNO:13) 5-GCCTTTTGCTGGCCTTTTGCTC-3. [0068] (c) The product of PCR amplification of about 0.9 kb in step (b) was recovered. [0069] (d) The product of the digestion of the backbone in step (a) and the PCR fragments obtained in step (c) were added at a certain ratio into Gison system for reaction. [0070] (e) Competent cells were transformed with the reaction product of step (d), which were then spread on LB plate for culture overnight. [0071] (f) Positive clones were identified by PCR and enzyme digestion. [0072] (g) The positive clones with correct sequences were verified by sequencing to obtain pMMLV SIN-CMV>EGFP (CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter-SacI/PvuII-SacI del/SV40 pA). The nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid fragment (partly U3(PvuII-SacI delete)-R-U5-SV40 late pA) formed by the nucleic acid fragment of 3LTR of pMMLV SIN-CMV>EGFP (CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter-SacI/PvuII-SacI del/SV40 pA) and SV40 late pA is set forth in SEQ ID NO:14.

[0073] 2. Packaging of Virus and Transduction of HEK293T Cells

[0074] The above 18 vectors were packaged into MMLV virus in HEK293T cells in a 10 cm dish using the calcium phosphate method. After 48 h, the virus supernatant was collected and concentrated with PEG6000. The precipitate obtained from the concentration with PEG was resuspended with 200 L of MSS. HEK293T cells in 12-well plate were transduced with 100 L of the resuspended virus solution, and photographed 48 hours after the transduction. The result is shown in FIG. 5.

[0075] It can be seen from FIG. 5 that for 5LTR, the HEK293T cells transduced with the packaged self-inactivating vectors of series 1 with wild-type 5LTR and the packaged self-inactivating vectors of series 4 with the replacement of the sequence before SacI enzyme recognition site with CMV_enhancer-CMV promoter had similar fluorescence intensity, whereas the series 2 and 3 had very weak fluorescence intensity. It can be seen that, compared with the series 2 and 3, the series 4 had a better 5LTR structure.

[0076] It can be seen from FIG. 5 that for 3LTR, among series A-D, generally the series B had stronger fluorescence intensity than the series A, and the series D had stronger fluorescence intensity than the series C. It can be seen that the self-inactivating vectors with addition of SV40 late pA behind 3LTR had stronger fluorescence intensity than the self-inactivating vectors without addition of SV40 late pA behind 3LTR, indicating that SV40 late pA can effectively enhance the transcription of the viral genome, thereby increasing the virus titer. Therefore, 4D vector is a better MMLV self-inactivating vector, wherein most of the sequences in U3 region of and 3LTR were deleted, thereby reducing the homology between 5LTR and 3LTR, and increasing the stability and biosafety of the vector. Moreover, 4D vector had a viral titer and expression of exogenous genes comparable to that of the wild-type MMLV self-inactivating vector.

[0077] Moreover, it can be seen from FIG. 5 that compared with 4C and 4D, oPRE-4C and oPRE-4D had stronger fluorescence intensity, and oPRE-4D had stronger fluorescence intensity than oPRE-4C.

[0078] The technical features of the above examples can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above examples are described. However, all the combinations of these technical features should be considered as within the scope of this specification as long as there is no contradiction.

[0079] The above examples only represent several embodiments of the present invention, which are described specifically and in detail, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the idea of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention should be subject to the claims.