PULSATILE VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE

Abstract

A tubular pulsatile ventricular assist device (PVAD) system for providing forward flow of blood in a pulsatile, peristaltic, and non-hemolytic manner to help reduce the amount of blood clotting associated with current ventricular devices on the market. The system can encircle a portion of a blood vessel, and the system can sequentially apply a pressure through each port in a particular pre-determined patter so as to selectively occlude the lumen, thereby creating a pulsatile, peristaltic movement along a length of system. Said movement causes blood to flow through the portion of the blood vessel.

Claims

1. A pulsatile ventricular assist device (PVAD) system (100), said system (100) comprising: a. a tubular housing (100) with a first end (111), a second end (112), an exterior surface (113), a shaft (118) extending through the housing (110) from the first end (111) to the second end (112), and an interior surface (114) lining the shaft (118); b. a membrane (120) disposed in the shaft (118) of the housing (110), the membrane (120) is divided into at least two panels (120a), each panel (120a) being connected to the inner surface (114) of the housing (110) via a seam (122) disposed on both long edges of the membrane panel (120a), the seam (122) attaches to the inner surface (114) of the housing (110) in a manner that creates a cavity (130) disposed between each membrane panel (120a) and the interior surface (114) of the housing (110), wherein a lumen (128) is disposed between the panels (120a) of the membrane (120) that can move between at least an open position and a closed position wherein the lumen is at least partially occluded; c. ports (140) extending from the exterior surface (113) of the housing (110) through the interior surface (114) to the cavities (130), the ports (140) are arranged such that each cavity (130) has at least two ports (140); and d. an inflatable wedge (150) extending through each port (140) and into the respective cavity (130), each inflatable wedge can be activated move between an expanded position and collapsed position when pressure is applied, wherein when the inflatable wedge is in the expanded position it presses against the membrane (120) to move the membrane (120) toward the closed position, and when the inflatable wedge is in the collapsed position when pressure is removed from the wedge, the membrane (120) can be in or move toward the open position; wherein each wedge (150) can be activated in a pattern to create a peristaltic movement along a length of the membrane (120).

2. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the interior surface (114) is rigid.

3. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein a portion of the interior surface (114) is rigid.

4. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the membrane (120) comprises three panels (120a) and three membrane cavities.

5. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the system (100) comprises three cavities (130) and three columns of ports (140), each column of ports (140) corresponding to one cavity (130).

6. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the system comprises at least three ports (140) per cavity (130).

7. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the system comprises at least four ports (140) per cavity (130).

8. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the ports are arranged in columns, each column corresponding to a cavity (130).

9. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the exterior surface comprises one or more flat surfaces, each flat surface corresponding to a column of ports (140).

10. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the pressure to activate the wedges (150) is air pressure.

11. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the wedges (150) are balloons.

12. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the wedges (150) are balloons having a pair of opposing pleated sides.

13. The system (100) of claim 12, wherein the wedges that are balloons with opposing pleated sides are attached to the housing (110) via an elastic component (550), wherein the elastic component (550) helps compress and fold the wedge (150) in the absence of pressure on the wedge (150).

14. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the wedges of the system (100) include at least two different wedge styles.

15. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the pressure can be applied to multiple wedges (150) that lie on a same transverse plane (180) at the same time.

16. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the pressure can be applied to multiple wedges (150) that lie on a separate transverse plane (180) at the same time.

17. The system (100) of claim 1, wherein the system (100) can encircle a blood vessel.

18. The system (100) of claim 1 further comprising an air pump fluidly connected to a port (140) via a channel (135), the air pump functions to provide air pressure to the wedge (150) of that port (140).

19. The system (100) of claim 18, wherein each port (140) is fluidly, connected to an air pump.

20. (canceled)

21. (canceled)

22. The system (100) of claim 1 further comprising a pump coupled to a microcontroller for supplying air to each wedge (150) such that peristaltic movement can be achieved.

23. (canceled)

24. (canceled)

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description presented in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

[0017] FIG. 1A shows an embodiment of the system of the present invention.

[0018] FIG. 1B shows an embodiment of the system of the present invention.

[0019] FIG. 2A shows a side cross-sectional view of the system of FIG. 1A.

[0020] FIG. 2B shows a perspective view of the system of FIG. 2A.

[0021] FIG. 3A shows the inflatable wedge in an uninflated state and the membrane in the open position.

[0022] FIG. 3B shows the inflatable wedge in an inflated state and the membrane in the closed position.

[0023] FIG. 4A shows the membrane in the open position.

[0024] FIG. 4B shows the membrane in the closed position.

[0025] FIG. 5A shows the membrane in the open position. The system encircles a vessel.

[0026] FIG. 5B shows the membrane in the closed position. The vessel encircled by the system is occluded in this state.

[0027] FIG. 6 shows a non-limiting example of balloon wedges.

[0028] FIG. 7A shows a non-limiting example of the wedges in the form of spears. The spear version uses solenoids, pistons, or other linear actuation. Individual spears are delivered to occlude the fluid bearing tube.

[0029] FIG. 7B shows the system of FIG. 7A. The individual spears may be activated to occlude the fluid bearing tube in a particular pattern.

[0030] FIG. 8A shows a non-limiting example of the wedges in the form of a roller.

[0031] FIG. 8B shows the system of FIG. 8A. The roller version occludes the tubing as it rolls along.

[0032] FIG. 9 shows the system operatively connected to a microcontroller with an electrically controlled valve.

[0033] FIG. 10 shows the transverse plane along the length of the system.

[0034] FIG. 11A shows a non-limiting example of an embodiment of the wedges, wherein the wedges are accordion-style balloons (e.g., a scaffold is folded in an accordion fashion). The accordion fold may help the balloons self-fold when deflated, e.g., in the absence of pressure.

[0035] FIG. 11B shows the wedge of FIG. 11A with sides affixed to the accordion balloon.

[0036] FIG. 12 shows the wedge of FIG. 11B attached to side pieces (e.g., via elastic bands, springs, etc.). The top figure shows the wedge in an inflated state and the bottom figure shows the wedge in the deflated state. The balloons self-fold once pressure is removed for repeatable actuation.

[0037] FIG. 13A shows an alternative embodiment of the system of the present invention.

[0038] FIG. 13B shows the system of FIG. 13A. The wedges are attached to the sides via elastic bands.

[0039] FIG. 13C shows a top view of the system of FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B. The wedges are attached to the sides via elastic bands.

[0040] FIG. 14A shows an example of a balloon (wedge) constructed in an accordion style and attached to side walls via elastic. The balloon is in the collapsed position.

[0041] FIG. 14B shows the balloon of FIG. 14A in the expanded position after air has been pumped in. When the air pressure is released, the elastic pulls the ends of the balloons toward the side walls, helping to deflate and fold the balloon to return to its collapsed position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0042] Referring now to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the present invention features a tubular pulsatile ventricular assist device (PVAD) system (100). The system (100) comprises a tubular housing (110) with a first end (111), a second end (112), an exterior surface (113), a shaft (118) extending through the housing (110) from the first end (111) to the second end (112), and an interior surface (114), e.g., the lining of the shaft (118). The shaft (118) is generally hollow to at least temporarily (e.g., when not occluded) allow passage of fluid such as blood. The interior surface (114) may be generally rigid. The exterior surface (113) may be generally rigid.

[0043] As shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the shape of the exterior surface (113) of the tubular housing (110) may be any appropriate shape, for example the exterior surface (113) may feature one or more flat surfaces or panels (e.g., three generally flat panels extending form near the first end to the second end as in FIG. 1A, e.g., a cross-sectional view of the tubular housing may be generally triangular, etc.), the exterior surface (113) may be generally rounded in shape as in FIG. 1B (e.g., a cross-sectional view of the tubular housing may be circular or similar, etc.), or the exterior surface may be any other appropriate shape. The present invention is not limited to the aforementioned examples of tubular housing shapes. In some embodiments, the exterior surface (113) has three sides, e.g., three generally flat sides. In some embodiments, the exterior surface (113) has four sides, e.g., four generally flat sides. In some embodiments, the exterior surface (113) has five sides, e.g., five generally flat sides. In some embodiments, the exterior surface (113) has more than five sides. In some embodiments, a portion of the exterior surface is curved and a portion of the exterior surface is flat.

[0044] Referring to FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, the system (100) further comprises a membrane (120) disposed in the shaft (118) of the housing (110). For example, the first end of the membrane is at or near the first end (111) of the housing (110) and the second end of the membrane is at or near the second end (112) of the housing (110). The membrane (120) is shaped to appear divided into at least two panels (120a) extending the length of the housing (110). For example, the membrane (120) may be shaped to appear to comprise three panels (120a) extending the length of the housing (110), e.g., as shown in FIG. 2B. The present invention is not limited to three panels (120a). The panels (120a) of the membranes (120) may be connected to each other along their long edges, e.g., at seams (122). The panels (120a) connect to the inside surface (114) of the housing (110). Note the membrane may be one solid piece and is not limited to separate pieces connected together. The term seam may refer to the point of the membrane at which the long edge of one panel attaches to the inner surface of the housing or at which the long edge of the panel attaches to another long edge of a panel. The seams (122) may be extensions from the membrane. The seams (122) attach to the inner surface (114) of the housing (110). The panels of membranes (120) form a lumen (128) extending the length of the membrane (120) and housing (110). The lumen (128) can move between at least an open position for temporarily allowing passage of fluid such as blood and a closed position wherein the lumen is occluded or partially occluded and fluid cannot pass from one end of the membrane to the other. In a partially occluded state, a reduced amount of fluid can pass (as compared to the open or closed position of the membrane).

[0045] As shown in FIG. 2B, the system features membrane cavities (130), e.g., spaces between the membrane (120), the seams (122) of the membrane (120) attached to the inner surface (114) of the housing (110), and the inner surface (114) of the housing (110). Generally, there is a membrane cavity (130) or space between each panel (120a) of the membrane (120) and the inner surface (114) of the housing (110).

[0046] Also disposed in the housing, e.g., extending from the exterior surface (113) to the interior surface (114), are ports (140). The ports (40) connect the exterior surface (113) of the housing (110) to the membrane cavities (130) in the shaft (118). As shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the housing (110) comprises columns of ports (140) wherein the ports (140) run from at or near the first end (111) to at or near the second end (112) of the housing for each membrane cavity (130). For example, FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B show three columns of ports (140) corresponding to the three membrane cavities (130). The present invention is not limited to the number of ports (140) shown in the figures. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has from 3 to 20 ports. For example, in some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 3 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 4 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 5 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 6 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 7 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 8 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 9 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 10 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 11 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 12 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 13 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 14 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 15 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 16 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 17 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 18 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 19 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has 20 ports. In some embodiments, each column of ports (140) has more than 20 ports.

[0047] As shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the system may comprise three columns of ports, wherein the ports are spaced about 120 apart. The present invention is not limited to this configuration. In some embodiments, the system comprises two columns of ports, wherein the ports are spaced about 180 apart. In some embodiments, the system comprises four columns of ports, wherein the ports are spaced about 90 apart. In some embodiments, the ports are spaced in a staggered configuration. For example, a port or ports that lie on the same transverse plane (180) may be staggered, or misaligned, to a port or ports that lie on a separate transverse planes. The transverse plate (180) is shown in FIG. 10.

[0048] A blood vessel or other appropriate connecting tube can be encased by the housing (110). For example, with the membrane (130) in the open position, the membrane (130) can encircle the blood vessel. Pressure can be applied to the membrane (130) to move the membrane (130) to the closed position, occluding the vessel. Pressure may be applied via a mechanism that accesses the membrane cavities via each port (140). For example, in some embodiments, the system (100) comprises an inflatable wedge (150) extending from each port to its respective membrane cavity (130). The inflatable wedges (150) may operate to create a peristaltic movement along the length of the membrane (120) such that the membrane (120) occludes the lumen (128) and vessel when pressure is applied to each port (140). The inflatable wedges (150) may be inflated with air or a liquid.

[0049] For example, as shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, the inflatable wedge (150) extends through the ports (140) and into the membrane cavities (130). In FIG. 3A, the membrane (120) is in the open position, allowing flow of fluid through the vessel or membrane (120). In FIG. 3B, the inflatable wedge (150) is inflated so as to move the membrane (120) to the closed position, thereby occluding the vessel. FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show the transition from the open lumen (FIG. 4A) to the occluded lumen (FIG. 4B). FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B show the transition from the open lumen (FIG. 5A) with the vessel therein to the occluded lumen (FIG. 5B).

[0050] Referring to FIG. 6, the inflatable wedges (150) may be balloons or bladders. As shown, the balloons extend from outside of the housing (110) and through the ports (140). The present invention is not limited to balloon-type inflatable wedges. FIG. 7A shows a non-limiting example of the wedges in the form of spears. The spear version uses solenoids, pistons, or other linear actuation. Individual spears are delivered to occlude the fluid bearing tube. FIG. 7B shows the system of FIG. 7A. The individual spears may be activated to occlude the fluid bearing tube in a particular pattern. FIG. 8A shows a non-limiting example of the wedges in the form of a roller. FIG. 8B shows the system of FIG. 8A. The roller version occludes the tubing as it rolls along.

[0051] FIG. 9 shows the outside of the housing (110) and the ports (140). In some embodiments, each port (140) is fluidly connected to a channel (135). The channel (135) provides a conduit through which air or liquid can be selectively moved to the inflatable wedge (150) at a desired frequency and/or pattern. FIG. 9 also shows the system (100) comprising a microcontroller (160) for operating the inflatable wedges (150). In some embodiments, the microcontroller (160) comprises an electrically controlled valve. The valve may allow for the movement of compressed air into the inflatable wedges to expand the wedges (150) and move the membrane (120) to the closed position and further to allow for the escape of air when the wedges (150) are deflated to move the membrane (120) to the open position. For example, the microcontroller (160) may activate particular wedges to achieve peristaltic and pulsatile movement. In some embodiments, the electrically controlled valve features a pump (e.g., an air compressor).

[0052] In some embodiments, the microcontroller (160) has at least one microcontroller unit capable of storing and processing algorithms and mechanical instructions for the operation of system (100). In one embodiment, the microcontroller unit can be a laptop or desktop computer connected to one or more microcontrollers actuated one or more types of wedges.

[0053] In some embodiments, the system comprises two or more different types of wedges. In some embodiments, the wedges are selected based on the size of the vessel. For example, fluid flow through larger blood vessels may utilize solid wedges actuated by solenoids, whereas fluid flow through smaller blood vessels may utilize inflatable wedges actuated by pressurized air.

[0054] In some embodiments, pressure is applied to the membrane (120), e.g., via the wedges (150), at each port (140). In some embodiments, the pressure is applied to one or more portions of the membrane (120) (via the wedges (150)) by activating the wedges at particular ports (140), e.g., using a pattern of inflation and deflation of the wedges (150).

[0055] FIG. 11A, FIG. 11B, FIG. 12, FIG. 13A, FIG. 13B, FIG. 13C, FIG. 14A, and FIG. 14B show alternative embodiments of the system of the present invention and alternative embodiments of the wedges. For example, as shown in FIG. 11A, FIG. 11B, and FIG. 11C, the wedges (540) may be constructed as accordion-style or pleated balloons. For example, in some embodiments, a scaffold (such as a polystyrene polymer scaffold) is folded in an accordion or pleated fashion. An adhesive, such as but not limited to duct tape, may be used for securing the balloon in its accordion or pleated configuration. Note the channel that provides access to the interior of the balloon (e.g., where the air or liquid enters the balloon for inflating the balloon when needed). FIG. 12 shows the wedge (540) attached to side walls via a spring or elastic component (550).

[0056] As shown in FIG. 12, FIG. 14A, and FIG. 14B, the accordion or pleated fold (540) may help the balloons self-fold when deflated, e.g., in the absence of pressure. FIG. 12 shows the wedge moving between the expanded position (top panel) and collapsed position (bottom pane). FIG. 14A shows the wedge in the collapsed position, and FIG. 14B shows the wedge in the expanded position after air has been pumped in. When the air pressure is released, the elastic pulls the ends of the balloons toward the side walls, helping to deflate and fold the balloon to return to its collapsed position (e.g., the wedges may self-fold once pressure is removed for repeatable actuation).

[0057] FIG. 13A, FIG. 13B, and FIG. 13C show wedges (540) attached to sides via elastic bands (550). Note that in some embodiments, the wedges (540) may be different in length, e.g., the length being along the same axis as the length of the housing (110). The wedges in FIG. 13B and FIG. 13C are different in length. The present invention is not limited to any particular number of wedges or lengths of wedges.

[0058] The system (100) of the present invention is not limited to use with human vessels and may be used for any other appropriate vessels such other mammal vessels (e.g., rodent, primate, pig, etc.). Further, the system (100) of the present invention is not limited to a biological application (e.g., for use with blood vessels) and may be used in other applications to create various parametric movements along the length of the tubular structure. For example, in one embodiment, the system (100) can be used for industrial tubing, such as to drive forward movement of fluid through tubing. Tubing diameters can include, but are not limited to the standard hydraulic tubing sizes in inches: , 3/16, , 5/16, , , , 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6-10, or 10-18. The length of the system (100), e.g., the housing (110), may be any appropriate length for the application.

[0059] Non-limiting examples of ranges of the diameter of the lumen (128) may be tenths of micrometers to many hundreds of centimeters, such as 4 to 400 micrometers, 100 to 500 micrometers, 500 to 1000 micrometers, 400 to 800 micrometers, 1 to 10 mm, 1 to 25 mm, 25 to 50 mm, etc., with the tubular PVAD appropriately proportioned.

[0060] As previously discussed, the system (100) of the present invention can be used as an extra-corporeal (e.g. outside the body) pulsatile pump. In another embodiment, the system (100) can be used as an intra-corporeal (e.g. inside the body) pulsatile pump. This biocompatible system (100) achieves pulsatile one directional flow inside of the human body. The method of pumping using the system (100) is the sequential occlusion of regions of a tube to milk the fluid through a tube, achieving esophageal motion against a pressure differential. This system (100) occludes a biocompatible, flexible tube until the lumen is completely closed using a mechanism identical to that of the extra-corporeal PVAD. In some embodiments, the mechanism may be miniaturized and use solenoid actuation to occlude the lumen with a bladder-contained incompressible fluid to make battery power a possibility.

[0061] In some embodiments, physical pressure can be applied at one or more of the ports (140) at a same transverse plane (180). In an embodiment, parametric movement along the same transverse plane (180) will create a symmetrical occlusion of the lumen (128) along the transverse planes disposed along the housing (110) in a motion that minimizes fluid flow turbulence, thereby reducing the chance of throwing clots in a hemodynamic system.

[0062] Without wishing to limit the present invention to any particular mechanism or application, physical pressure applied to each port (140) along the same transverse plane (180) can be applied simultaneously, or non-simultaneously. Without wishing to limit the present invention to any particular mechanism or application, physical pressure applied to each port (140) that lies on a separate transverse plane (180) can be applied simultaneously, or non-simultaneously.

[0063] In some embodiments, this physical pressure can be applied at one or more ports (140) along a separate transverse plane (180) disposed along the length of the housing (110). In one embodiment, engagement of the flexible membrane (120) along a separate transverse plane can result in a nearly symmetrical occlusion of the lumen opening (128). In another embodiment, the engagement of the flexible membrane (120) along a separate transverse plane can result in a non-symmetrical movement, thereby create a more turbulent fluid flow, which can be beneficial in some industries, such as for the mixing of a non-homogenous fluid solution flowing through a tubular structure.

[0064] Various modifications of the invention, in addition to those described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. Each reference cited in the present application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0065] Although there has been shown and described the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made thereto which do not exceed the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the invention is only to be limited by the following claims. Reference numbers recited in the claims are solely for ease of examination of this patent application and are not intended in any way to limit the scope of the claims to the particular features having the corresponding reference numbers in the drawings. In some embodiments, the figures presented in this patent application are drawn to scale, including the angles, ratios of dimensions, etc. In some embodiments, the figures are representative only and the claims are not limited by the dimensions of the figures. In some embodiments, descriptions of the inventions described herein using the phrase comprising includes embodiments that could be described as consisting of, and as such the written description requirement for claiming one or more embodiments of the present invention using the phrase consisting of is met.

[0066] Any reference numbers recited in the below claims are solely for ease of examination of this patent application, and are exemplary, and are not intended in any way to limit the scope of the claims to the particular features having the corresponding reference numbers in the drawings.