Hydraulic fluid composition

Abstract

The invention provides a hydraulic fluid composition comprising a hydrocarbon component comprising more than 5 wt % of naphthenic oil and up to 95 wt % of renewable or recycled isoparaffinic oil, based on the total weight of the composition. The hydraulic fluid composition is useful as an arctic hydraulic fluid composition, shock absorber or automatic transmission fluid.

Claims

1. A hydraulic fluid composition comprising: a hydrocarbon component containing more than 5 wt % of naphthenic oil and from about 20 wt % to 95 wt % of renewable or recycled isoparaffinic oil, based on a total weight of the composition, and wherein the renewable or recycled isoparaffinic oil has <C15 paraffins and isoparaffins less than about 5 wt % and >C18 paraffins and isoparaffins less than about 5 wt %.

2. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon component consists of the isoparaffinic oil and the naphthenic oil.

3. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 1, wherein an amount of the naphthenic oil is selected to be less than 80% wt %, specifically less than 70 wt %, based on a total weight of the composition.

4. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic fluid composition comprises: from about 20 wt % to about 30 wt % of the renewable or recycled isoparaffinic oil, based on a total weight of the composition.

5. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the renewable or recycled isoparaffinic oil is selected to have a distillation range of 240-300 C., specifically from 267 C. to 288 C., or from 283 C. to 300 C., or from 265 C. to 290 C.

6. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 5, wherein the isoparaffinic oil has a distillation range from 267 C. to 288 C. and has one or more of the following carbon chain distributions: C15 paraffins from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of which isoparaffins more than about 75 wt %, C16 paraffins from about 50 wt % to about 65 wt % of which isoparaffins more than about 90 wt %, C17 paraffins from about 20 wt % to about 30 wt % of which isoparaffins more than 90 wt %, C18 paraffins from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of which isoparaffins more than about 90 wt %.

7. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 6, wherein the isoparaffinic oil has the following carbon chain distributions: <C15 paraffins 1.02 wt %, C15 paraffins 7.86 wt % of which isoparaffins 79.81 wt %, C16 paraffins 58.83 wt % of which isoparaffins 94.33 wt %, C17 paraffins 23.82 wt % of which isoparaffins 97.03 wt %, or C18 paraffins 8.48 wt % of which isoparaffins 99.96 wt %, or >C18 paraffins 0.00 wt %.

8. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 6, wherein a pour point of the isoparaffinic oil is 69 C. measured according to ASTMD 5950.

9. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 5, wherein the isoparaffinic oil has a distillation range from 283 C. to 300 C. and has one or more of the following carbon chain distributions: <C16 paraffins and isoparaffins less than about 5 wt %, C16 paraffins from 0 wt % to about 10 wt % of which isoparaffins more than 80 wt %, C17 paraffins from about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % of which isoparaffins more than about 50 wt %, C18 paraffins from about 70 wt % to about 85 wt % of which isoparaffins more than 90 wt %, C19 paraffins less than about 5 wt % of which isoparaffins more than about 90 wt %, or C20 paraffins and isoparaffins less than about 5 wt % of which isoparaffins more than about 90 wt %.

10. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 9, wherein the isoparaffinic oil has the following carbon chain distributions: <C16 paraffins 0.18 wt %, C16 paraffins 2.02 wt % of which isoparaffins 87.13 wt %, C17 paraffins 12.44 wt % of which isoparaffins 58.41 wt %, C18 paraffins 81.91 wt % of which isoparaffins 96.82 wt %, C19 paraffins 1.30 wt % of which isoparaffins 97.35 wt %, C20 paraffins 1.14 wt % of which isoparaffins 97.90 wt %, or >C20 paraffins 1.01 wt %.

11. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 9, wherein a pour point of the isoparaffinic oil is 42 C. measured according to ASTMD 5950.

12. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 1, comprising: one or more viscosity index improvers in an amount of 0.01 wt % to 30 wt %, specifically 5 wt % to 15 wt %, based on a total weight of the composition.

13. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 1, comprising: one or more additives up to 5 wt % based on a total weight of the composition.

14. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 1, wherein a kinematic viscosity of the composition is selected to be below 5000 cSt at 30 C., specifically below 1000 cSt at 30 C., measured according to ENISO3104.

15. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 1, wherein a viscosity index of the composition is selected to be in a range of 50-1000, specifically 250-1000, measured according to ASTMD2270.

16. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 1, wherein a flash point of the composition is above 100 C. measured according to ENISO2592 or ASTMD92.

17. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the fluid composition is selected from an artic hydraulic fluid composition, a shock absorber fluid composition and an automatic transmission fluid composition.

18. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 2, wherein an amount of the naphthenic oil is selected to be less than 80% wt %, specifically less than 70 wt %, based on a total weight of the composition.

19. The hydraulic fluid composition of claim 2, wherein the hydraulic fluid composition comprises: from about 20 wt % to about 30 wt % of the renewable or recycled isoparaffinic oil, based on a total weight of the composition.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(1) An object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic fluid composition comprising a hydrocarbon component comprising more than 5 wt % of naphthenic oil and up to 95 wt % of renewable or recycled isoparaffinic oil, based on the total weight of the composition.

(2) The hydraulic fluid composition is useful as, but is not limited to, an arctic hydraulic fluid composition, shock absorber or automatic transmission fluid.

(3) In the present invention,

(4) the term naphthenic oil (abbreviated as NBO) means an oil that contains a substantial amount of cyclic saturated hydrocarbon compounds, i.e. naphthenes;

(5) the term renewable or recycled isoparaffinic oil (abbreviated as IPO) means an oil containing a substantial amount of isoparaffinic compounds prepared by hydrotreating and isomerizing an oil derived from renewable or recycled raw materials. The hydrotreatment and isomerization of the oil can be carried out as described, e.g., in FI 100248. The renewable or recycled raw materials can be originated from plants or animals, such as vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils and mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable renewable and recycled raw materials include, but are not limited to, rapeseed oil, canola oil, colza oil, tall oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, hemp oil, olive oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, palm oil, arachis oil, castor oil, coconut oil, animal fats, such as suet, tallow, blubber. The renewable or recycled raw materials can also be produced by microbes such as algae and bacteria. Further, the renewable or recycled raw materials encompass condensation products, such as esters, and other derivates of the renewable or recycled raw materials.

(6) In an embodiment, the hydrocarbon component consists of the iso-paraffinic oil and the naphthenic oil.

(7) In an embodiment, the amount of the naphthenic oil is less than 80% wt %, specifically less than 70 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition.

(8) In an embodiment, the hydraulic fluid composition of the invention comprises from about 20 wt % to about 30 wt % of the renewable or recycled isoparaffinic oil, based on the total weight of the composition.

(9) The isoparaffinic oil used in the present invention has a distillation range from 240 C. to 300 C. In an embodiment, the distillation range is from 267 C. to 288 C. In another embodiment, the distillation range is from 283 C. to 300 C. In a still further embodiment, the distillation range is from 265 C. to 290 C.

(10) The pour point of the isoparaffinic oil with a distillation range from 267 C. to 288 C. is 69 C. measured according to ASTMD 5950. The isoparaffinic oil with a distillation range from 267 C. to 288 C. is free from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) determined according to DIN EN 13016-1.

(11) The carbon chain distribution of the isoparaffinic oil depends on the raw material used for producing it. In an embodiment, the isoparaffinic oil with a distillation range from 267 C. to 288 C. has one or more of the following carbon chain distributions:

(12) <C15 paraffins less than about 5 wt %,

(13) C15 paraffins from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of which isoparaffins more than about 75 wt %,

(14) C16 paraffins from about 50 wt % to about 65 wt % of which isoparaffins more than about 90 wt %,

(15) C17 paraffins from about 20 wt % to about 30 wt % of which isoparaffins more than 90 wt %,

(16) C18 paraffins from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of which isoparaffins more than about 90 wt %,

(17) >C18 paraffins less than about 5 wt %.

(18) In an embodiment, the isoparaffinic oil with a distillation range from 267 C. to 288 C. has the following carbon chain distributions:

(19) <C15 paraffins 1.02 wt %,

(20) C15 paraffins 7.86 wt % of which isoparaffins 79.81 wt %,

(21) C16 paraffins 58.83 wt % of which isoparaffins 94.33 wt %,

(22) C17 paraffins 23.82 wt % of which isoparaffins 97.03 wt %,

(23) C18 paraffins 8.48 wt % of which isoparaffins 99.96 wt %,

(24) >C18 paraffins 0.00 wt %.

(25) The pour point of the isoparaffinic oil with a distillation range from 283 C. to 300 C. is 42 C. measured according to ASTMD 5950. The isoparaffinic oil with distillation range from 283 C. to 300 C. is free from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) determined according to DIN EN 13016-1.

(26) In an embodiment, the isoparaffinic oil with a distillation range from 283 C. to 300 C. has one or more of the following carbon chain distributions:

(27) <C16 paraffins less than about 5 wt %,

(28) C16 paraffins from 0 wt % to about 10 wt % of which isoparaffins more than 80 wt %,

(29) C17 paraffins from about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % of which isoparaffins more than about 50 wt %,

(30) C18 paraffins from about 70 wt % to about 85 wt % of which isoparaffins more than 90 wt %,

(31) C19 paraffins from 0 wt % to about 10 wt % of which isoparaffins more than about 90 wt %,

(32) C20 paraffins from 0 wt % to about 10 wt % of which isoparaffins more than about 90 wt %,

(33) >C20 paraffins less than about 5 wt %.

(34) In another embodiment, the isoparaffinic oil with a distillation range from 283 C. to 300 C. has the following carbon chain distributions:

(35) <C16 paraffins 0.18 wt %,

(36) C16 paraffins 2.02 wt % of which isoparaffins 87.13 wt %,

(37) C17 paraffins 12.44 wt % of which isoparaffins 58.41 wt %,

(38) C18 paraffins 81.91 wt % of which isoparaffins 96.82 wt %,

(39) C19 paraffins 1.30 wt % of which isoparaffins 97.35 wt %,

(40) C20 paraffins 1.14 wt % of which isoparaffins 97.90 wt %,

(41) >C20 paraffins 1.01 wt %.

(42) In an embodiment, the hydraulic fluid composition of the invention comprises one or more viscosity index (VI) improvers. The amount of the VI improves(s) is in the range of 0.01-30 wt % of the total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the amount of VI improver(s) is in the range of 10 wt % to 25 wt %. VI improver is used to increase the viscosity index of the fluid composition and to decrease the relative viscosity changes with the temperature. The VI improver further improves the usability of the low viscosity fluid composition of the invention at low temperatures, whereby cold starting of the hydraulic systems is facilitated. Suitable VI improves in the present invention encompass those conventionally used in the arctic hydraulic fluid compositions, shock absorbers and automatic transmission fluids and include, but are not limited to, low or high molecular weight polymers or copolymers of acrylates, butadiene, olefins or alkylated styrenes. Examples of the suitable VI improves are commercially available Viscoplex 7 series produced by Evonik.

(43) In an embodiment, the fluid composition of the invention comprises one of more additives to provide protection against wear, foaming, corrosion and oxidation, for example. The amount of additives typically amounts up to 5 wt % of the total weight of the composition and are those conventionally used for specific application.

(44) The kinematic viscosity of the hydraulic fluid composition of the invention was measured according to ENISO3104. The kinematic viscosity of the hydraulic fluid composition of the invention of ISO VG 15 cSt, i.e. an arctic hydraulic grade, is below 1000 cSt at 40 C.

(45) The kinematic viscosity of the hydraulic fluid composition of the invention of ISO VG 28 cSt, i.e. an arctic hydraulic grade, is below 1000 cSt at 30 C.

(46) The kinematic viscosity of the hydraulic fluid composition of the invention may be higher, e.g. about 5000 cSt, depending on the application in which the composition is used. The level of the kinematic viscosity depends on the amount and properties of the NBO, for example, used in the composition.

(47) Viscosity index of the composition of the invention is in the range of 50-1000 measured according to ASTMD2270. In an embodiment, the viscosity index is in the range of 250-1000.

(48) Flash point of the composition of the invention is above 100 C. measured according to ENISO2592 or ASTMD92.

(49) Pour point of the composition of the invention is below 30 C. measured according to ASTMD5950.

(50) Another aspect of the invention is to provide a hydraulic system comprising the hydraulic fluid composition of the invention. The hydraulic system includes, but is not limited to, marine hydraulics and garbage truck hydraulics.

(51) The following examples are given for further illustration of the invention without limiting the invention thereto.

EXAMPLE 1

(52) The kinematic viscosity of the hydrocarbon component of the hydraulic fluid compositions of the invention, containing isoparaffinic oil (IPO) and naphthenic oil (NBO) at various weight ratios was measured at various temperatures according to ENISO3104. The pour points of the mixtures were detected according to ASTMD5950 with 3 C. intervals. Pour point of the oil is considered as an index of the lowest temperature at which the oil can be used for the specific application. The NBO contained approximately 55 wt % naphthenes, 38 wt % paraffins and 7 wt % aromatics, and had a kinematic viscosity of 3.9 cSt at 40 C. This NBO was also used as a reference.

(53) The test method ASTMD5950 for pour point covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that tilts the test jar during cooling and detects movement of the surface on the specimen with an optical device. In the experiment, the temperature of the sample was lowered with 3 C. intervals until the point of no flow was verified by an optical detector. Low temperature pour points below 69 C. measured for the compositions are indicated as <70 C. in Table 1.

(54) Hydraulic fluid compositions were prepared according to Table 1. IPO X is an isoparaffinic oil having a distillation range from 267 C. to 288 C. IPO Y is an isoparaffinic oil having a distillation range from 283 C. to 300 C.

(55) The IPO X had the following carbon chain distribution: <C15 paraffins 1.02 wt %, C15 paraffins 7.86 wt % of which isoparaffins 79.81 wt %, C16 paraffins 58.83 wt % of which isoparaffins 94.33 wt %, C17 paraffins 23.82 wt % of which isoparaffins 97.03 wt %, C18 paraffins 8.48 wt % of which isoparaffins 99.96 wt %, >C18 paraffins 0.00 wt %.

(56) The IPO Y had the following carbon chain distribution: <C16 paraffins 0.18 wt %, C16 paraffins 2.02 wt % of which isoparaffins 87.13 wt %, C17 paraffins 12.44 wt % of which isoparaffins 58.41 wt %, C18 paraffins 81.91 wt % of which isoparaffins 96.82 wt %, C19 paraffins 1.30 wt % of which isoparaffins 97.35 wt %, C20 paraffins 1.14 wt % of which isoparaffins 97.90 wt %, >C20 paraffins 1.01 wt %.

(57) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Compo- Ref 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 nent Amount in the composition (wt %) Composition IPO X 10 20 30 50 70 100 IPO Y 20 30 50 100 NBO 100 90 80 70 50 30 80 70 50 Kinematic viscosity (mm2/s) at altering temperatures 100 C. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 40 C. 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 20 C. 44 38 34 30 25 22 19 38 36 33 29 30 C. 92 77 65 57 45 38 31 74 68 60 112 40 C. 250 195 157 130 96 77 61 181 175 201 n.d. 50 C. 913 630 464 360 385 389 312 736 1287 n.d. n.d. Pour point PP ( C.) <70 <70 <70 <70 <70 <69 <69 <69 <70 <66 <42 n.d. = not detectible

(58) At 40 C., IPO X (sample 6) had a kinematic viscosity which was 76% lower than that of the reference NBO (Ref) (61 mm.sup.2/s vs. 250 mm.sup.2/s). At 50 C., the kinematic viscosity of sample 6 was 66% lower than that of Ref. The incorporation of IPO X to the NBO did not alter the viscosity linearly. For example, 30 wt % addition of IPO X (composition 3) decreased the viscosity at 40 C. from 250 mm.sup.2/s to 130 mm.sup.2/s which is 63% of the full potential, taking into account that the viscosity of IPO X is 61 mm.sup.2/s at 40 C. At 50 C., the viscosity decrease was 92% of the full potential (from 913 mm.sup.2/s to 360 mm.sup.2/s) taking into account that the viscosity of IPO X is 312 mm.sup.2/s at 50 C. The results show that low temperature viscosity behavior of the mixtures of NBO and IPO is not linear.

(59) The results further demonstrate that the pour point remains at a level acceptable in arctic hydraulic compositions. The viscosity remains at a low level up to the temperature of the pour point for the IPO X and IPO Y containing compositions whereas the viscosity starts to rapidly increase already at 50 C. for NBO (ref) having the pour point of <70 C. Thus, the low temperature viscosity can be considered as a better indication for the cold operability of the arctic hydraulic fluid than the pour point.

(60) There is a substantial improvement in the viscosity behavior of the mixtures containing IPO component (compositions 1-9) when compared to NBO (ref) up to 50 C. for the compositions containing IPO X, and up to 40 C. for the compositions containing IPO Y. This improvement in cold operability cannot be seen from the pour point results solely.

EXAMPLE 2

(61) An arctic hydraulic fluid composition complying with ISO VG 15 grade was prepared by modifying the commercial Neste Hydrauli Arctic 15 formulation. 20 wt % of the NBO component of Neste Hydrauli Arctic 15 was replaced by IPO X described in Example 1. The NBO of Neste Hydrauli Arctic 15 contained approximately 55 wt % naphthenes, 38 wt % paraffins and 7 wt % aromatics. The amount of VI improver was adjusted to 15 wt % to keep the ISO VG 15 grade. The same additives as those included in Neste Hydrauli Arctic 15 were added. The composition of the invention was as follows:

(62) TABLE-US-00002 NBO component of Neste Hydrauli Arctic 15 64 wt % IPO X 20 wt % VI improver (Viscoplex 7-200) 15 wt % Additives 1 wt %

(63) The kinematic viscosity of the composition of the present invention and that of the above commercial hydraulic fluid as a reference were measured according to ENISO3104 at various temperatures. The results are shown in Table 2.

(64) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Composition of Temperature Neste Hydrauli the invention, ( C.) Arctic 15 ISO VG 15 Kinematic 50 7270 3898 viscosity 40 1759 818 (mm.sup.2/s) 30 569 329 20 245 163 10 125 92 0 72 57 20 31 21 40 17 16 100 5 5

(65) The results show that there was a 47% decrease in the viscosity at 40 C. when 20 wt % of isoparaffinic oil IPO X is introduced to the commercial arctic naphthenic fluid composition complying with ISO VG 15 grade. Thus, at 40 C. a viscosity level below 1000 mm.sup.2/s was achieved, which can be considered as an absolute viscosity reference value for good operability of a hydraulic system. This is considered a substantial improvement as regards the application of the hydraulic fluid composition for cold start of the hydraulic systems at low temperatures.

(66) Table 3 presents the flash point, pour point and viscosity index of the composition of the invention. Flash point was at an acceptable level for an arctic hydraulic fluid. Pour point was slightly increased compared with the reference. However, as stated in example 1, the viscosity index is a better indication for a proper cold temperature operability than the pour point. The viscosity index of the composition of the invention was improved compared with the reference.

(67) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Composition of Neste Hydrauli the invention, Property Method Arctic 15 ISO VG 15 Flash point ( C.) ENISO2592 n.a. 124 Pour point ( C.) ASTMD5950 66 57 Viscosity index ASTMD2270 293 >300 n.a. = not analysed

EXAMPLE 3

(68) An arctic hydraulic fluid composition complying with ISO VG 28 grade was prepared by modifying the commercial Neste Hydrauli Arctic 28 formulation. 20 wt % of the NBO component of Neste Hydrauli Arctic 28 was replaced by IPO X described in Example 1. The NBO of Neste Hydrauli Arctic 28 contained approximately 55 wt % naphthenes, 38 wt % paraffins and 7 wt % aromatics. The amount of VI improver was adjusted to 15 wt % to keep the ISO VG 28 grade. The same additives as those included in Neste Hydrauli Arctic 28 were added. The composition of the invention was as follows:

(69) TABLE-US-00005 NBO component of Neste Hydrauli Arctic 28 55.5 wt % IPO X 20 wt % VI improver (Viscoplex 7-200) 22 wt % Additives 2.5 wt %

(70) The kinematic viscosity of the composition of the present invention and that of the above commercial hydraulic fluid as a reference were measured according to ENISO3104 at various temperatures. The results are shown in Table 4.

(71) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 4 Composition of Temperature Neste Hydrauli the invention, ( C.) Arctic 28 ISO VG 28 Kinematic 50 18420 n.d. viscosity 40 4167 1952 (mm.sup.2/s) 30 1384 746 20 580 362 10 284 198 0 159 120 20 64 54 40 33 30 100 9.6 9.2 n.d. = not detectible

(72) The results show that the absolute viscosity level of below 1000 mm.sup.2/s was achieved at 30 C. in the composition of the invention whereas 1000 mm.sup.2/s was exceeded with the reference formulation. Also at 40 C. the viscosity level was substantially decreased with the composition of the invention compared with that of the reference. At 50 C., the viscosity could not be determined since it was close to the pour point (51 C.) and the composition turned turbid. Similarly, the viscosity of the reference formulation was beyond the level of good operability. It can be concluded that the operability was improved with the composition of the invention down to 40 C.

(73) Flash point, pour point and viscosity index of the composition of the present invention and the reference are shown in Table 5.

(74) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 5 Composition of Neste Hydrauli the invention, Property Method Arctic 28 ISO VG 28 Flash point ( C.) ENISO2592 126 130 Pour point ( C.) ASTMD5950 60 51 Viscosity index ASTMD2270 294 >300

(75) The flash point of the composition of the invention was at an acceptable level. Pour point was increased by 9 C. from that of the reference. Again, the viscosity index is a better indication for a proper cold temperature operability than the pour point. The operability was improved with the composition of the invention down to 40 C. The viscosity index was improved compared with the reference.

EXAMPLE 4

(76) A shock absorber fluid of the invention was prepared by combining IPO X described in Example 1 together with a fossil base oil BO X. A reference formulation containing fossil base oil components BO X and BO Y was prepared.

(77) BO X is a higher viscosity group III fossil base oil containing naphthenes in amount of about 58 wt %. The kinematic viscosity of BO X was 12.1 mm.sup.2/s at 40 C., and 3.0 mm.sup.2/s at 100 C. The pour point of BO X was 24 C.

(78) BO Y is a fossil base oil containing naphthenes and having a kinematic viscosity of 2.9 mm.sup.2/s at 40 C., and 1.2 mm.sup.2/s at 100 C. The pour point of BO Y was 40 C.

(79) Table 6 shows the composition and physical properties of the shock absorber fluid of the present invention and those of the reference formulation. The kinematic viscosity (KV) was measured according to ASTMD445. The pour point was measured according to ASTMD5950.

(80) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 6 Reference Composition of shock absorber fluid the invention Component Amount in the composition [wt %] Composition BO X 42.5 51 BO Y 47.5 IPO X 40 VI improver, (Viscoplex 7-200) 10 10 Physical properties KV 100 C. [mm.sup.2/s] 4.2 4.2 KV 40 C. [mm.sup.2/s] 12.0 12.0 KV 20 C. [mm.sup.2/s] 20.8 20.8 VI >300 >300 Brookfield viscosity 40 C. 600 500 Pour point [ C.] 57 51 Flash point [ C.] ASTMD92 144 156

(81) The results show that a shock absorber fluid meeting the requirements for the KV40 (12-13 mm.sup.2/s), KV100 (min 4 mm.sup.2/s) pour point (<45 C.), and flash point (min. 115 C.) in shock absorber fluids could be formulated containing the hydrocarbon component of the present invention. The viscosity behavior at low temperatures as verified by Brookfield viscosity test at 40 C. measured according to DIN 51398 showed the same improved behavior as in the previous examples.

(82) It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as the technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.