Hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition and a method for coating a substrate with such composition

Abstract

The present invention provides a hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition which is a dry blend of a polyester powder coating composition A and a fluorocarbon powder coating composition B, wherein: polyester powder coating composition A comprises a first polyester polymer and a curing agent for the first polyester polymer; and fluorocarbon powder coating composition B comprises a fluorocarbon polymer, a curing agent for the fluorocarbon polymer, and a second polyester polymer and a curing agent for the second polyester polymer; wherein the weight ratio of polyester powder coating composition A and fluorocarbon powder coating composition B is in the range of from 25:75 to 75:25, wherein the first polyester polymer is a carboxyl functional polymer having an acid value in the range from 18 to 70 mg KOH/g polymer and wherein the second polyester polymer is a hydroxyl functional polyester polymer having a hydroxyl value in the range of from 70 to 350 mg KOH/g polymer. The invention further provides to a method for coating a substrate with such hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition.

Claims

1. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition which is a dry blend of a polyester powder coating composition A and a fluorocarbon powder coating composition B, wherein: polyester powder coating composition A comprises a first polyester polymer and a curing agent for the first polyester polymer; and fluorocarbon powder coating composition B comprises a fluorocarbon polymer, a curing agent for the fluorocarbon polymer, and a second polyester polymer and a curing agent for the second polyester polymer; wherein the weight ratio of polyester powder coating composition A and fluorocarbon powder coating composition B is in the range of from 25:75 to 75:25, wherein the first polyester polymer is a carboxyl functional polymer having an acid value in the range from 18 to 70 mg KOH/g polymer and wherein the second polyester polymer is a hydroxyl functional polyester polymer having a hydroxyl value in the range of from 70 to 350 mg KOH/g polymer.

2. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the second polyester polymer has a hydroxyl value in the range of from 75 to 150 mg KOH/g polymer.

3. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the first polyester polymer is a carboxyl functional polymer having an acid value in the range from 20 to 55 mg KOH/g polymer.

4. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the curing agent for the first polyester polymer is a glycidyl isocyanurate, or a beta-hydroxy alkyl amide.

5. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein polyester powder coating composition A comprises at least 30 wt % of the first polyester polymer.

6. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein fluorocarbon powder coating composition B comprises at least 30 wt % of the fluorocarbon polymer.

7. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein polyester powder coating composition A does not comprise a fluorocarbon polymer.

8. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein fluorocarbon powder coating composition B is essentially free of any film-forming polymer other than the fluorocarbon polymer and the second polyester polymer.

9. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio between the fluorocarbon polymer and second polyester polymer is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 4:1.

10. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the curing agent for the fluorocarbon polymer is a diisocyanate-comprising compound.

11. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the fluorocarbon powder coating composition B comprises a single curing agent which is the curing agent for the fluorocarbon polymer and the curing agent for the second polyester polymer.

12. A hybrid powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein polyester powder coating composition A further comprises 0.1 to 15 wt % pigment providing a metallic effect, based on the weight of polyester powder coating composition A, wherein the pigment providing a metallic effect is bonded to polyester powder coating composition A.

13. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the curing agent for the first polyester polymer is a triglycidylisocyanurate.

14. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein polyester powder coating composition A is essentially free of any film-forming polymer other than the first polyester polymer.

15. A hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the curing agent for the fluorocarbon polymer is a blocked diisocyanate-comprising compound.

16. A method for coating a substrate comprising: providing a substrate; applying a hybrid powder coating composition according to any one of the preceding claims on the substrate; and curing the hybrid powder coating composition applied on the substrate to obtain a coated substrate.

17. A method according to claim 16, wherein the substrate is a metal substrate, preferably an aluminium substrate.

18. A method according to claim 16, wherein the substrate is an aluminum substrate.

Description

SUMMARY OF THE FIGURES

(1) FIG. 1 shows cross-sectional views under an optical microscope of cured coatings of four different hybrid powder coating compositions not according to the invention.

(2) FIG. 2 shows cross-sectional views under an optical microscope of cured coatings of two different hybrid powder coating compositions according to the invention (MIX 8 and MIX 9) and of two different hybrid powder coating compositions not according to the invention (MIX 10 and MIX 11).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(3) The hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to the invention is a dry blend of a polyester powder coating composition A and a fluorocarbon powder coating composition B. The hybrid being a dry blend implies that the hybrid composition comprises discrete particles of polyester powder coating composition A and discrete particles of fluorocarbon powder coating composition B. The weight ratio of polyester powder coating composition A and fluorocarbon powder coating composition B in the hybrid composition is in the range of from 25:75 to 75:25, preferably of from 30:70 to 70:50, more preferably of from 35:65 to 65:35.

(4) Preferably, the hybrid composition is free of any components other than polyester powder coating composition A and fluorocarbon powder coating composition B.

(5) Polyester powder coating composition A comprises a first polyester polymer and a curing agent for the first polyester polymer. The first polyester polymer is a thermosetting polymer with carboxyl groups as cross-linking functionality. The first polyester polymer is a carboxyl-functional polyester polymer having an acid value in the range from 18 to 70 mg KOH/g polymer, preferably of from 20 to 55 mg KOH/g polymer. The first polyester polymer preferably has a hydroxyl value below 15 mg KOH/g polymer, more preferably below 10 mg KOH/g polymer, even more preferably in the range from about 1 to 8 mg KOH/g polymer, still more preferably of from 1 to 2 mg KOH/g polymer. Examples of commercially available carboxyl functional polyesters that may suitably be used as the first polyester polymer include Crylcoat 4488-0, Uralac P5500, and Uralac P883.

(6) The first polyester polymer is a solid at ambient temperatures and has a softening point or Tg above 30 C., preferably above 45 C., more preferably in the range of from 48 C. to 70 C.

(7) The curing agent is a curing agent adapted to cross-link the first polyester, i.e. an agent capable to cross-link carboxyl groups, preferably a glycidyl isocyanurate such as triglycidylisocyanurate, or a beta-hydroxy alkyl amide.

(8) Preferably, powder coating composition A comprises at least 25 wt %, more preferably at least 30 wt %, even more preferably at least 50 wt % of the first polyester polymer. Composition A may comprise the curing agent for the first polyester polymer in any amount suitable for cross-linking the carboxyl groups. Preferably, the total amount of first polyester polymer and curing agent for the first polyester polymer in polyester powder coating composition A is in the range of from 60 to 95 wt %, more preferably of from 70 to 90 wt %, based on the weight of polyester powder coating composition A.

(9) Polyester powder coating composition A preferably does not comprise a fluorocarbon polymer. More preferably, polyester powder coating composition A is essentially free of any film-forming polymer other than the first polyester polymer. It is noted that the curing agent, which can be a polymer in itself, is not considered to be a film-forming polymer.

(10) Fluorocarbon powder coating composition B comprises a fluorocarbon polymer, a curing agent for the fluorocarbon polymer, and a second polyester polymer and a curing agent for the second polyester polymer.

(11) The fluorocarbon polymer is a thermosetting, hydroxyl-functional film-forming polymer. Such fluorocarbon polymers are known in the art. Such fluorocarbon polymers typically comprise co-polymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing carbon-to-carbon double bond unsaturation including minor amounts of hydroxylated vinyl monomers and major amounts of fluorocarbon monomers. An example of a commercial available suitable fluorocarbon polymer polymer is Lumiflon LF710.

(12) Preferred thermosetting fluorocarbon polymers are copolymers of a hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether and a fluoro-olefin, or terpolymers of alkyl vinyl ether, hydroxalkyl vinyl ether, and a fluoroalkylene. Copolymer chains are believed to be a copolymer of alternating units of trifluoroethylene and vinyl ether with pendant side chain structures containing hydroxyl functionality due to the hydroxyalkyl vinyl ethers. Preferred fluorocarbon copolymers or terpolymers comprise in the range of from 30 to 70 mole % fluoro-olefin and in the range of from 30 to 70 mole % vinyl ether units, including hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether units. Preferred fluoro-olefins include tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene. Preferred alkyl vinyl ethers include linear or branched chain aliphatic alkyls having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, and similar lower alkyl vinyl ethers. Hydroxyalkyl vinyl ethers are similar alkyl vinyl ethers containing a substituted hydroxyl group on the alkyl chain. Preferably, the hydroxyl functional fluorocarbon polymer comprises in the range of from 1 to 30 mole % hydroxy alkyl vinyl ether units, more preferably of from 2 to 5 mole %. The hydroxyl value of the hydroxyl-functional fluorocarbon polymer is between 2 and 200 mg KOH/g polymer, preferably between 5 and 150 mg KOH/g polymer. Particularly preferred hydroxyl fluorocarbons are terpolymers of alkyl vinyl ether, hydroxyalkyl ether, and trifluoroethylene copolymer, commercially available as Lumiflon polymers.

(13) Particularly preferred hydroxyl functional fluorocarbon polymers contain copolymerized monomeric units comprising in the range of from 45 to 48 mole % fluorocarbon monomer, in the range of from 2 to 5 mole % hydroxy alkyl vinyl ether monomer, with the balance being alkyl vinyl ether monomer.

(14) The hydroxyl functional fluorocarbon polymer is a solid at ambient temperatures and has a softening point or Tg above 30 C., preferably in the range of from 35 C. to 50 C., a number average molecular weight between 8,000 and 16,000, preferably between 10,000 and 14,000, as measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) according to ASTM D 3016-78, D 3536-76, and D 3593-80.

(15) Fluorocarbon powder coating composition B comprises a curing agent for the fluorocarbon polymer. Such curing agent is a curing agent adapted to cross-link the hydroxyl groups on the fluorocarbon polymer. Preferably, the curing agent is a blocked or non-blocked di-isocyanate based compound.

(16) Preferably, fluorocarbon powder coating composition B comprises at least 25 wt %, more preferably at least 30 wt % of the fluorocarbon polymer, even more preferably at least 40 wt %. Composition B may comprise the curing agent for the fluorocarbon polymer in any amount suitable for cross-linking the hydroxyl groups on the fluorocarbon polymer. In addition to the fluorocarbon polymer and the curing agent for the fluorocarbon polymer, fluorocarbon powder coating composition B comprises a second polyester polymer and a curing agent for the second polyester polymer. Since the second polyester polymer is not the same as the first polyester polymer, the curing agent for the second polyester polymer is preferably not the same as the curing agent for the first polyester polymer.

(17) Preferably the weight ratio between the fluorocarbon polymer and the second polyester polymer is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 4:1, more preferably of from 1:1 to 3:1.

(18) Preferably, fluorocarbon powder coating composition B is essentially free of any film-forming polymer other than the fluorocarbon polymer and the second polyester polymer.

(19) Reference herein to a composition being essentially free of a compound is to the composition comprising such compound in an amount below 0.5 wt %, preferably below 0.1 wt %, even more preferably below 0.01 wt % or the composition being free of such component.

(20) The second polyester polymer is a hydroxyl functional having a hydroxyl value in the range of from 70 to 350 mg KOH/g polymer, preferably in the range of from 75 to 150 mg KOH/g polymer. This hydroxyl functional polyester polymer preferably has an acid value below 15 mg KOH/g polymer, more preferably below 10 mg KOH/g polymer, even more preferably in the range from about 1 to 8 mg KOH/g polymer, still more preferably of from 1 to 2 mg KOH/g polymer. Examples of commercially available hydroxyl functional polyester polymers having a hydroxyl value in the range of from 70 to 350 mg KOH/g polymer include Uralac P1580, Crylcoat 2818-0, Crylcoat 4823-0 and Crylcoat 2814-0.

(21) Fluorocarbon powder coating composition B preferably comprises a single curing agent which is capable of curing the hydroxyl functional fluorocarbon polymer and the hydroxyl functional second polyester polymer. Such single curing agent preferably is a non-blocked or a blocked di-isocyanate based compound.

(22) Non-blocked and blocked di-isocyanate based compounds suitable as curing agents for hydroxyl functional polymers are well-known in the art and include, but are not limited to, non-blocked and blocked monomers, oligomers or polymers of isophorone di-isocyanate, 2,4-tolylene di-isocyanate, 2,6-tolylene di-isocyanate, alkylene di-isocyanates such as 1,4-tetramethylene-diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene di-isocyanate, alkyl di-isocyanates such as 1,12-dodecane di-isocyanate, 1,3- and 1,4-cyclobutane di-isocyanate, 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexane di-isocyanate, phenylene di-isocyanates and naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate. Preferably, the free isocyanate functional groups in the di-isocyanate based compounds are blocked in a manner that they become unblocked and activated under heat at temperatures approximately above the melt temperature of the film-forming polymer(s) in the powder coating. The compounds may be blocked by using suitable blocking agents. Such blocking agents are well-known in the art and include alcohols, phenols, and ketoximes. Preferred blocking agents are 2-ethylhexyl alcohol and caprolactam. Alternatively, the di-isocyanate based curing agent may be internally blocked by dimerization of two free isocyanate groups, resulting in an urethdione structure.

(23) Particularly preferred di-isocyanate based curing agents include caprolactam-blocked di-isocyanate based compounds or an urethdione of an isophorone di-isocyanate based compound.

(24) Apart from the film-forming polymer(s) and curing agent(s) for such polymer(s), each of polyester powder coating composition A and fluorocarbon powder coating composition B may contain other components that are conventionally used in powder coatings compositions. Such components include pigments, fillers, flow control agents, degassing agents, and anti-blocking agents. Further additives including adhesion promoters, light stabilizers, gloss-modifying agents, cratering agents, texturizers, surfactants, antioxidants, biocides, and plasticizers may be used. Such compounds and additives may be used in usual amounts.

(25) Each of polyester powder coating composition A and fluorocarbon powder coating composition B can be made in a melt-mixing process known to those skilled in the art. The hybrid powder coating composition according to the present invention is obtained by dry blending polyester powder coating composition A and fluorocarbon powder coating composition B. Such dry blending of composition A and composition B can be done in any suitable apparatus known to those skilled in the art, for example by using a ball mill or a high speed agitator. This dry-blended mixture of composition A and composition B will contain discrete particles of polyester powder coating composition A and discrete particles of fluorocarbon powder coating composition B.

(26) According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, polyester powder coating composition A further comprises in the range of from 0.1 to 15 wt % pigment providing a metallic effect, based on the weight of powder coating composition A. The pigment providing a metallic effect is bonded to polyester powder coating composition A, i.e. bonded to the discrete particles making up composition A. By bonding the pigment providing a metallic effect to the powder coating particles of composition A, the pigment is are evenly distributed within powder coating composition A. Bonding of solid pigment to a powder coating composition is known in the art and is typically done by: heating the powder coating composition to a heating temperature around the glass transition temperature but below the curing temperature of any binder polymer in the powder coating composition, under an inert atmosphere; adding the solid pigment to the heated powder coating composition under stirring whilst maintaining the heating temperature until the solid pigment is bonded to the powder coating particles, typically 10-20 minutes; and cooling the powder coating composition.

(27) Preferably, the hybrid composition comprises in the range of from 0.5 to 10 wt % pigment providing a metallic effect based on the weight of powder coating composition A.

(28) Reference herein to pigment providing a metallic effect is to solid pigments, preferably metallic pigments, typically in flake form such as for example aluminum or an aluminum alloy or another metal or metal alloy, for example stainless steel, copper, tin, bronze or brass, typically used to produce various metallic effects including those referred to as metallic, effect, luster, or glamour or pearlescent effect. The pigment providing a metallic effect may be a non-metal compound such as for example mica, that gives such metallic effect.

(29) The pigment providing a metallic effect may be an uncoated or coated material. Examples of coated material include pigments coated with silica or other inert inorganic material for increasing chemical resistance and durability. Alternatively, the pigment may be coated with a plastic material for similar purposes, for example an acrylic, PFTE, or thermosetting plastic material, or may be provided in a polymer or plasticizer which is compatible with the film-forming binder of the powder coating composition. As a further possibility the pigment providing a metallic effect may be coated with a coloring agent such as a metal oxide pigment, e.g. iron oxide, to provide special color effects.

(30) Pigments providing a metallic effect are well-known and commercially available. Suitable examples of commercially available pigments with metallic effect include Standart PU Aluminium Powder (ex. Eckart), and SILBERCOTE PC X (ex. Silberline).

(31) Such pigments are typically in the form of flakes, powder or granules, preferably flakes, with an average particle size (D50) in the range of from 10 to 100 m, preferably in the range of from 15 to 50 m. Particularly preferred pigments providing a metallic effect are coated or uncoated aluminium flakes with an average particle size (D50) in the range of from 10 to 100 m, preferably in the range of from 15 to 50 m.

(32) In another aspect, the invention provides a method for coating a substrate comprising providing a substrate, applying a hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to the invention on the substrate, and curing the hybrid powder coating composition applied on the substrate to obtain a coated substrate.

(33) The substrate may be any substrate suitable for powder coating, preferably a metal substrate, more preferably an aluminium substrate. Prior to applying the hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating composition according to the invention, the substrate surface may be treated by a surface treatment to remove any contaminants and/or to improve corrosion resistance of the substrate. Such surface treatments are well known in the art and commonly applied to surfaces to be coated with powder coatings.

EXAMPLES

(34) The invention will be further illustrated by means of the following, non-limiting examples.

Example 1

(35) Polyester Powder Coating Compositions A

(36) Seven different polyester powder coating compositions with a film-forming polyester polymer and a curing agent for the polyester were prepared. In Table 1, the ingredients used in the different polyester powder coating compositions are given. The hydroxyl functional polyesters polymers used in polyester powder coating composition A1, A2, and A3 were CRYLCOAT 4823-0, 2818-0, and 2814-0 (ex. Allnex), respectively.

(37) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Polyester powder coating compositions A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 OH-value (mg KOH/g polyester) 80 100 330 acid value (mg KOH/g polyester) <10 <3 <14 22 36 36 58 polyester (wt %) 57.6 54.4 32 77.2 76 75 73.6 Curing agent Vestagon B 1530.sup.a (wt %) 22.4 25.6 48 Primid XL522 2.8 4 6.3 (-hydroxyalkylamide) (wt %) 1,3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate 5 (wt %) Benzion (wt %) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Flowing agent (wt %) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 TiO.sub.2 and filler (BaSO.sub.4) (wt %) 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 Aluminium pigment.sup.b (wt %) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 .sup.acaprolactam-blocked poly-isocyanate .sup.bStandart PCU 3500 Aluminium Powder (ex. Eckart)
All ingredients, except the pigment particles providing a metallic effect (aluminum pigment) were first dry mixed and then melt-mixed in a ZSK-26 twin extruder, micronized and sieved with a 200 mesh sieve to obtain a non-metallic polyester powder coating composition. This non-metallic polyester powder coating composition was added into a CM-3 bonding machine, and heated to the glass transition temperature of the polyester binder under nitrogen atmosphere. The aluminum pigment was added into the bonding machine maintaining the temperature at the glass transition temperature during 20 minutes, followed by cooling to ambient temperature.
Fluorocarbon Powder Coating Compositions B

(38) Two different fluorocarbon powder coating compositions with a film-forming fluorocarbon polymer and a curing agent for the fluorocarbon polymer were prepared in a process as described for polyester powder coating compositions A. Composition B1 comprises fluorocarbon polymer as the only film-forming polymer. B2 comprises fluorocarbon polymer and a hydroxyl functional polyester as film-forming polymers. In Table 2, the ingredients used in the different fluorocarbon powder coating compositions are given.

(39) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Fluorocarbon powder coating compositions B B1 B2 Fluorocarbon polymer (Lumiflon 710) 79 47 Polyester* 27 Curing agent 18 22 Benzoin 0.3 0.3 Flowing agent 1.0 1.0 Anti-oxidant agent 0.2 0.2 Wax additive 2.5 2.5 *CRYLCOAT 4823-0; OH-value is 80 mg KOH/g polyester
Hybrid Polyester-Fluorocarbon Powder Coating Compositions

(40) Hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating compositions were prepared by mixing one of the polyester powder coating compositions A with one of the fluorocarbon powder coating compositions B in a 50/50 weight ratio in a mixing set-up for powder coating materials at room temperature for 2-10 minutes. Different hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating compositions were prepared as indicated in Table 3.

(41) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating compositions prepared Polyester powder Fluorocarbon powder Hybrid coating composition A coating composition B MIX 1 (comparison) A1 B1 MIX 2 (comparison) A2 B1 MIX 3 (comparison) A3 B1 MIX 4 (comparison) A4 B1 MIX 5 (comparison) A5 B1 MIX 6 (comparison) A6 B1 MIX 7 (comparison) A7 B1 MIX 8 (invention) A4 B2 MIX 9 (invention) A5 B2 MIX 10 (comparison) A6 B1 MIX 11 (comparison) A7 B1
Microscopic Evaluation of Coatings

(42) The hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating compositions were sprayed onto an aluminium panel, pretreated with a non-chromate surface pretreatment, with a Corona spray gun, at a spray voltage of 60-80 kV. The distance from gun to substrate was 20 to 25 cm, and the air flow was adjusted to achieve a 50 to 70 m paint film thickness. The panels coated with powder coating composition were baked in an oven at 200 C. for 10-30 minutes, to allow the powder coating to melt, flow, and cure.

(43) In FIG. 1 is shown cross-sectional views under an optical microscope, which show the phase separation in cured coatings of hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating compositions: MIX 4, MIX 5, MIX 6 and MIX 7, prepared by dry-blending a polyester powder coating composition A with a carboxyl functional polyester polymer (A4, A5, A6, and A7, respectively) with a fluorocarbon powder composition B with fluorocarbon polymer as the only film-forming polymer (B1).

(44) In FIG. 2 is shown cross-sectional views under an optical microscope, which show the actual phase separation in cured coatings of hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating compositions according to the invention MIX 8 and MIX 9, and in cured coatings of hybrid polyester-fluorocarbon powder coating compositions not according to the invention, MIX 10 and MIX 11 (which have the same composition as MIX 6 and MIX 7). MIX 8 and MIX 9 are prepared by dry-blending a polyester powder coating composition A with a carboxyl functional polyester polymer (A4 and A5, respectively) with a fluorocarbon powder composition B with a fluorocarbon polymer and a hydroxyl functional polyester polymer with a high hydroxyl value (B2).

(45) It can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 that the coatings made with comparative hybrid powder coating compositions MIX 4, MIX 5, MIX 6, MIX 7, MIX 10 and MIX 11 do not show good phase separation. The use of a carboxylic polyester polymer in powder coating composition A in combination with a hydroxyl functional polyester polymer (with a hydroxyl value of at least 70 mg KOH/g polyester) in powder coating composition B results in good phase separation (MIX 8 and MIX 9).

Example 2

(46) The gloss of aluminium substrates coated with hybrid powder coating compositions according to the invention MIX 8 and MIX 9, polyester powder coating compositions A1-A7, and comparative hybrid powder coating compositions MIX 1-3 and MIX 10 and MIX 11 (all coated as described in Example 1), was determined in accordance with ISO2813. Gloss was determined directly after manufacture (t=0; initial gloss). The coated substrates were then exposed to intense light from a Xenon lamp. The gloss was measured at certain time intervals. In Tables 4 and 5, the gloss retention is given for the different coatings. The gloss retention is the measured gloss as a percentage of the initial gloss (initial gloss set at 100%).

(47) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Gloss retention results (in %; initial gloss set at 100%) Test time MIX 1 MIX 2 MIX 3 (h) A1 A2 A3 comp. comp. comp. 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 1000 100.9 100.8 95 101.3 101 102.5 2000 97 96.6 88 101 98 101.6 3000 93 93 97.9 95 91 4000 82 86 99 90 90 5000 91 89

(48) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Gloss retention results (in %; initial gloss set at 100%) Test time/ MIX 8 MIX 9 MIX 10 MIX 11 h A4 A5 A6 A7 inv. inv. comp. comp. 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1000 99 91.5 100 94 103 108 105.3 102.5 2000 92 91 103.2 92 101 106 102.3 99.4 3000 90 92 96.9 91 101 105 101.1 93 4000 86 89 84.5 89 100 104.6 99.8 92 5000 95 97 92.1 91

Example 3

(49) Cured coatings prepared with MIX 8 and with MIX 9 were subjected to a series of tests according to standard test methods. The test results are shown in Table 6.

(50) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Test results Test Test Items Standard Result Dry film hardness AAMA2605-05, 7.3 PASS Dry adhesion AAMA2605-05, 7.4.1.1 PASS Qualicoat 14.sup.th- Class 3, 2.4.1 Wet adhesion AAMA2605-05, 7.4.1.2 PASS Qualicoat 14.sup.th- Class 3, 2.4.2 Impact resistance AAMA2605-05, 7.5 PASS Qualicoat 14.sup.th- Class 3, 2.8 Abrasion resistance AAMA2605-05, 7.6 PASS Nitric acid resistance AAMA2605-05, 7.7.3 PASS Detergent resistance AAMA2605-05, 7.7.4 PASS Window cleaner resistance AAMA2605-05, 7.7.5 PASS Humidity resistance AAMA2605-05, 7.8.1 PASS Neutral salt spray resistance AAMA2605-05, 7.8.2 PASS Acetic acid salt spray resistance Qualicoat 14.sup.th- Class 3, 2.10 PASS Mortar resistance AAMA 2605-05, 7.7.2 PASS Qualicoat 14.sup.th- Class 3, 2.15