System and method to feed mold with molten metal

Abstract

A system and method for filling a mold with molten aluminum includes a molten metal pump, a vessel configured to contain molten metal, a mold for receiving molten metal, and a conduit between the vessel and the mold. Molten metal is pumped in the vessel until it reaches a level at which it flows through the conduit and into the mold. The flow of molten metal into the mold is stabilized to maintain a level of molten metal in the mold. A skin of solid metal forms between the mold and the conduit, at which time the pumping of molten metal can cease. The mold with solid metal in it can be moved.

Claims

1. A system for placing molten aluminum into a mold, the system comprising: (a) a vessel having a first chamber and a second chamber; a dividing wall separating the first chamber and the second chamber, the dividing wall having a first height H1 and a first opening below the first height H1; wherein the second chamber has a second wall with a height H2, wherein the second wall comprises a second opening having a second height H3 that is greater than the height of the first opening, lower than height H2, and lower than the height H1; (b) a molten metal pump in the first chamber; (c) a mold outside of the vessel and above the second height H3, the mold having a cavity, a bottom surface at a fourth height H4 that is greater than height H3 and greater than height H2, a top surface having a fifth height H5, and a mold opening at height H4; and (d) a conduit having a first end connected to the second opening and a second end connected to the mold opening, wherein the conduit extends horizontally from the second opening and extends upwards to connect to the mold opening and there is no structure other than the conduit between the first end of the conduit and the second end of the conduit; wherein when the pump is operated it is configured to move molten metal from the first chamber through the first opening and into the second chamber, through the second opening, and through the conduit and into the mold cavity.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the molten metal pump is a circulation pump.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the molten metal pump is a gas-release pump.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the molten metal pump has a pump housing with an outlet, and the outlet is positioned 6 or less from the first opening.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein a bracket is connected to the dividing wall and the bracket is also connected to the molten metal pump and configured to maintain the molten metal pump in position in the first chamber.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the molten metal pump has a superstructure that is a metal platform, and the bracket is connected to the superstructure.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the vessel that includes the first chamber and the second chamber is a reverberatory furnace.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the molten metal pump has a pump housing with an outlet, and the outlet is positioned at least partially in the first opening.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the mold is comprised of ceramic.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the mold is comprised of silicon carbide.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein there is no structure between the second chamber and the conduit.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the conduit is comprised of ceramic.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein the conduit is comprised of silicon carbide.

14. The system of claim 1 that includes a second molten metal pump in the second chamber.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein there is no structure between the conduit and the mold.

16. A system for transferring molten metal to a mold, the system comprising: (a) a vessel configured to hold molten metal, wherein the vessel comprises a vessel wall having a height H2 that has an opening formed therein, wherein the opening has a height H3 that is less than height H2; (b) a conduit having (i) a first end connected to the opening, extending horizontally from the opening and in fluid communication with the vessel, and (ii) a second end connected to a mold having a bottom with a height H4 and a top with a height H5, wherein H3 is less than height H4 and height H5, and height H4 is less than height H5, wherein there is no structure other than the conduit between the first end of the conduit and the second end of the conduit; and (c) a molten metal pump in the vessel, wherein the molten metal pump comprises an outlet that is in fluid communication with the opening in the vessel wall and that is configured to pump molten metal through the opening, through the opening with a height H3, through the conduit, and into the mold.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the molten metal pump is a circulation pump.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the molten metal pump is a gas-release pump.

19. The system of claim 16, wherein a bracket is connected to a wall of the vessel and the bracket is also connected to the molten metal pump and the bracket is configured to maintain the molten metal pump in position in the vessel.

20. The system of claim 16, wherein the conduit is covered by an insulator.

21. The system of claim 16, wherein there is no structure between the vessel and the conduit.

22. The system of claim 16, wherein the mold is comprised of ceramic.

23. The system of claim 19, wherein the molten metal pump has a superstructure that is a metal platform, and the bracket is connected to the superstructure.

24. The system of claim 16 that further comprises an insulator at least partially surrounding the conduit.

25. The system of claim 16, wherein the second end of the conduit connects to the bottom of the mold.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a system according to this disclosure for moving molten metal from a vessel into another structure, such as a mold.

(2) FIG. 2 is the system of FIG. 1 showing the level of molten metal in the furnace being increased.

(3) FIG. 2A is a partial, cross-sectional side view of the system of FIGS. 1 and 2 and shows examples of heights H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5.

(4) FIG. 2B is a partial, cross-sectional side view of the same system as in FIGS. 1 and 2 except that the mold is at a lower position.

(5) FIG. 3 is a partial, cross-sectional top view of the system of FIG. 1.

(6) FIG. 3A is a partial, cross-sectional side view of a system according to this disclosure.

(7) FIG. 4 is a side view of a system according to this disclosure showing a device for measuring the level of molten metal.

(8) FIG. 5 shows the system of FIG. 1 and represents different levels of molten metal in the vessel.

(9) FIG. 6 shows the system of FIG. 1 in which the level of molten metal has decreased to a low level.

(10) FIG. 7 shows a remote control panel that may be used to control a pump used in a system according to the invention.

(11) FIG. 8 is a side, cross-sectional view of a system in accordance with this disclosure.

(12) FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternate system according to this disclosure.

(13) FIG. 10 is the system of FIG. 9 showing the level of molten metal in the furnace being increased.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(14) Turning now to the Figures, where the purpose is to describe preferred embodiments of the invention and not to limit same, FIGS. 1-3A show a system 10 for transferring molten metal M into mold 20. System 10 includes a furnace 1A that can retain molten metal M, which includes a holding furnace 1A, a vessel 12, mold 20, and a pump 22.

(15) Using heating elements (not shown in the figures), furnace 1A is raised to a temperature sufficient to maintain the metal therein (usually aluminum or zinc) in a molten state. The level of molten metal M in holding furnace 1A and in at least part of vessel 12 changes as metal is added or removed to furnace 1A, as can be seen in FIG. 2.

(16) Furnace 1A includes a furnace wall 2 having an archway 3. Archway 3 allows molten metal M to flow into vessel 12 from holding furnace 1A. In this embodiment, furnace 1A and vessel 12 are in fluid communication, so when the level of molten metal in furnace 1A rises, the level also rises in at least part of vessel 12. It most preferably rises and falls in first chamber 16, described below, as the level of molten metal rises or falls in furnace 1A. This can be seen in FIG. 2.

(17) Dividing wall 14 separates vessel 12 into at least two chambers, a pump well (or first chamber) 16 and a skim well (or second chamber) 18, and any suitable structure for this purpose may be used as dividing wall 14. As shown in this embodiment, dividing wall 14 has an opening 14A and an optional overflow spillway 14B (best seen in FIG. 3), which is a notch or cut out in the upper edge of dividing wall 14. Overflow spillway 14B is any structure suitable to allow molten metal to flow from second chamber 18, past dividing wall 14, and into first chamber 16 and, if used, overflow spillway 14B may be positioned at any suitable location on wall 14. The purpose of optional overflow spillway 14B is to prevent molten metal from overflowing the second chamber 18, by allowing molten metal in second chamber 18 to flow back into first chamber 16. Optional overflow spillway 14B would not be utilized during normal operation of system 10 and is to be used as a safeguard if the level of molten metal in second chamber 18 improperly rises to too high a level.

(18) At least part of dividing wall 14 has a height H1 (best seen in FIG. 2A), which is the height at which, if exceeded by molten metal in second chamber 18, molten metal flows past the portion of dividing wall 14 at height H1 and back into first chamber 16. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3A, overflow spillway 14B has a height H1 and the rest of dividing wall 14 has a height greater than H1. Alternatively, dividing wall 14 may not have an overflow spillway, in which case all of dividing wall 14 could have a height H1, or dividing wall 14 may have an opening with a lower edge positioned at height H1, in which case molten metal could flow through the opening if the level of molten metal in second chamber 18 exceeded H1. H1 should exceed the highest level of molten metal in first chamber 16 during normal operation.

(19) Second chamber 18 has a portion 18A, which has a height H2, wherein H2 is greater than at least H3, H4, and H5, described below. Second chamber 18 also has an opening 18B (as can be best seen in FIG. 2A) so during normal operation molten metal pumped into second chamber 18 at least partially fills mold 20.

(20) Dividing wall 14 may also have a first opening 14A that is located at a depth such that first opening 14A is submerged within the molten metal during normal usage, and first opening 14A is preferably near or at the bottom of dividing wall 14. First opening 14A preferably has an area of between 6 in..sup.2 and 24 in..sup.2, but could be any suitable size. Further, dividing wall 14 need not have an opening if a transfer pump were used to transfer molten metal from first chamber 16, over the top of wall 14, and into second chamber 18.

(21) Dividing wall 14 may also include more than one opening between first chamber 16 and second chamber 18 and first opening 14A (or the more than one opening) could be positioned at any suitable location(s) in dividing wall 14 and be of any size(s) or shape(s) to enable molten metal to pass from first chamber 16 into second chamber 18, and to at least partially fill mold 20.

(22) Mold 20 is any structure or device for receiving molten metal from vessel 12, in which the molten metal is ultimately cast into a usable form. Mold 20 may be either an open or enclosed structure of any suitable dimension or length, and may receive any suitable amount of molten metal, such as any amount between 500-5,000 lbs. Mold 20 may be positioned horizontally as shown, or be at any suitable orientation and be of any suitable size and shape. The inside of top 24 of mold 20 is preferably at a height H5, which is most preferably beneath height H2 and above height H3. The mold 20 has an inside surface of bottom 22 at a height H4 that is above height H3 of second opening 19.

(23) Conduit 1000 is a passageway preferably formed of ceramic, such as silicon dioxide, that connects second chamber 18 to mold 20 and places them in fluid communication with one another. Conduit 1000 has a first end 1002, a second end 1004, an outer wall 1006, an inner wall 1008, and a cavity 1010. First end 1002 can be connected to second chamber 18, and second end 1004 can be connected to feed opening 28 of mold 20, in any suitable manner, such as by using cement. Conduit 1000 is preferably surrounded by an insulation 1012.

(24) Molten metal pump 22 may be any device or structure capable of pumping or otherwise conveying molten metal, and may be a transfer, circulation or gas-release pump. Pump 22 is preferably a circulation pump (most preferred) or gas-release pump that generates a flow of molten metal from first chamber 16 to second chamber 18 through first opening 14A. Pump 22 generally includes a motor 24 surrounded by a cooling shroud 26, a superstructure 28, support posts 30 and a base 32. Some pumps that may be used with the invention are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,203,681, 6,123,523 and 6,354,964 to Cooper, and pending U.S. application Ser. No. 10/773,101 to Cooper. Molten metal pump 22 can be a constant speed pump, but is most preferably a variable speed pump. Its speed can be varied depending on the amount of molten metal in a structure such as a ladle or launder, as discussed below.

(25) If pump 22 is a circulation pump or gas-release pump, it is preferably (but not necessarily) at least partially received in opening 14A in order to at least partially block opening 14A in order to maintain a relatively stable level of molten metal in second chamber 18 during normal operation and to allow the level in second chamber 18 to rise independently of the level in first chamber 16. Utilizing this system the movement of molten metal from one chamber to another and from the second chamber into a launder does not involve raising molten metal above the molten metal surface. As shown, part of base 32 (preferably the discharge portion of the base) is received in opening 14A. Further, pump 22 may communicate with another structure, such as a metal-transfer conduit, that leads to and is received partially or fully in opening 14A. Although it is preferred that the pump base, or communicating structure such as a metal-transfer conduit, be received in opening 14A, all that is necessary for the invention to function is that the operation of the pump increases and maintains the level of molten metal in second chamber 18 so that the molten metal ultimately moves out of chamber 18 and into another structure. For example, the base of pump 22 may be positioned so that its discharge is not received in opening 14A, but is close enough to opening 14A that the operation of the pump raises the level of molten metal in second chamber 18 independent of the level in chamber 16 and causes molten metal to move out of second chamber 18 and into another structure. A sealant, such as cement (which is known to those skilled in the art), may be used to seal base 32 into opening 14A, although it is preferred that a sealant not be used.

(26) Pump 22 is preferably a variable speed pump and its speed is increased or decreased according to the amount of molten metal in a structure, such as second chamber 18, mold 20 and/or 200. For example, if molten metal is being added to mold 20, the amount of molten metal in the mold can be measured, a scale that measures the combined weight of the mold and the molten metal inside the mold or a laser to measure the surface level of molten metal in the mold. When the amount of molten metal in the mold is relatively low, pump 22 can be manually or automatically adjusted to operate at a relatively fast speed to raise the level of molten metal in second chamber 18 and cause molten metal to flow quickly out of second chamber 18 and ultimately into the mold 20. When the amount of molten metal in the mold reaches a certain amount, that is detected and pump 22 is automatically or manually slowed and eventually stopped to prevent overflow of the mold.

(27) Utilizing system 10, as pump 22 pumps molten metal from first chamber 16 into second chamber 18, the level of molten metal in chamber 18 rises. When the level of molten metal M in second chamber 18 exceeds H3, the molten metal begins to flow out of opening 18B and into the conduit 1000. When the molten metal in chamber 18 exceeds level H4 molten metal flows into the bottom 22 of mold 20 through feed opening 28. As the level of molten metal rises in chamber 18 to level H5, the cavity 26 of mold 20 eventually fills with molten metal. The level of molten metal in mold 20 may not be exactly the same as the level in second chamber 18 at all times because of different relative pressures of moving molten metal in chamber 18 versus moving it through conduit 1000 and into mold 20.

(28) The pumping can then be adjusted to maintain a constant level of molten metal in conduit 1000 and mold 20. Over a period, a solid metal skin forms at the bottom of the mold 20 between mold 20 and conduit 1000. The pumping can then be reduced or stopped so molten metal retreats from second end 1004 of conduit 1000. Mold 20 can be moved away from conduit 1000 when the molten metal inside mold 20 is sufficiently solid.

(29) Once pump 22 is turned off, the respective levels of molten metal level in chambers 16 and 18 essentially equalize. Alternatively, the speed of pump 22 could be reduced to a relatively low speed to keep the level of molten metal in second chamber 18 relatively constant. To fill another mold, pump 22 is simply turned on again and operated as described above. In this manner molds, can be filled efficiently with less turbulence and lags wherein there is too little molten metal in the system.

(30) Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 9-10, a pump 22 could be juxtaposed the first end 1002 of conduit 1000, so molten metal exiting the pump outlet moves into the conduit 1000 through opening 14A and moves into mold 20 through end 1004 of conduit 1000. In this embodiment, the pumping force moves molten metal into the conduit 1000 and into the mold 20. Therefore, the level of molten metal in the vessel in which pump 22 is positioned can be lower than mold 20.

(31) In another embodiment, chamber 18 may have a stop wall that prevents molten metal from rising in the chamber 18 above a certain level. As the pump moves molten metal from chamber 16 into chamber 18, the pressure in chamber 18 increases and molten metal moves into mold 20 through conduit 1000.

(32) The Figures show the mold 20 being filled from the bottom. Mold 20 (or any mold according to this disclosure) could be filled from the side, preferably at the bottom of a side. The mold should be filled in such a way that there is little or no turbulence, and a solid metal skin can form between the mold and the conduit, so the mold with solid metal inside can be moved with no or little molten metal spilling from the space between the mold and the conduit.

(33) A system according to the invention could also include one or more pumps in addition to pump 22, in which case the additional pump(s) may circulate molten metal within first chamber 16 and/or second chamber 18, or from chamber 16 to chamber 18, and/or may release gas into the molten metal first in first chamber 16 or second chamber 18. For example, first chamber 16 could include pump 22 and a second pump, such as a circulation pump or gas-release pump, to circulate and/or release gas into molten metal M.

(34) A system according to this disclosure could also be operated with a transfer pump, although a pump with a submerged discharge, such as a circulation pump or gas-release pump, is preferred since either would be less likely to create turbulence and dross in second chamber 18, and neither raises the molten metal above the surface of the molten metal bath nor has the other drawbacks associated with transfer pumps. If a transfer pump were used to move molten metal from first chamber 16, over dividing wall 14, and into second chamber 18, there would be no need for opening 14A in dividing wall 14, although an opening could still be provided and used in conjunction with an additional circulation or gas-release pump. As previously described, regardless of what type of pump is used to move molten metal from first chamber 16 to second chamber 18, molten metal would ultimately move out of chamber 18 and into a mold, such as mold 20, when the level of molten metal in second chamber 18 exceeds H4.

(35) Another advantage of a system according to the invention is that a single pump could simultaneously feed molten metal to multiple (i.e., a plurality) of molds. The system shown includes a single pump 22 that causes molten metal to move from first chamber 16 into second chamber 18, where it finally passes out of second chamber 18 and into either one or more molds 20.

(36) FIGS. 4-7 show an alternative system 100 in accordance with the invention, which is in all aspects the same as system 10 except that system 100 includes a control system (not shown) and device 58 to detect the amount of molten metal M within a mold. The control system may or may not be used with a system according to the invention and can vary the speed of, and/or turn off and on, molten metal pump 22 in accordance with a parameter of molten metal M within a structure (such a structure could be a mold 20, first chamber 16, and/or the second chamber 18). For example, if the parameter were the amount of molten metal in a mold, when the amount of molten metal M within the mold is low, the control system could cause the speed of molten metal pump 22 to increase to pump molten metal M at a greater flow rate to raise the level in second chamber 18 and ultimately fill the mold. As the level of the molten metal within the mold increases, the control system could cause the speed of molten metal pump 22 to decrease and to pump molten metal M at a lesser flow rate, thereby ultimately decreasing the flow of molten metal into the mold. The control system could be used to stop the operation of molten metal pump 22 when the amount of molten metal within a structure, such as the mold, reached a given value, such as weight, or if a problem was detected. The control system could also start pump 22 based on a given parameter.

(37) One or more devices 58 may be used to measure one or more parameters of molten metal M, such as the depth, weight, level and/or volume, in any structure or in multiple structures. Device 58 may be located at any position and more than one device 58 may be used. Device 58 may be a laser, float, scale to measure weight, a sound or ultrasound sensor, or a pressure sensor. Device 58 is shown as a laser to measure the level of molten metal in FIGS. 4-5.

(38) The control system may provide proportional control, such that the speed of molten metal pump 22 is proportional to the amount of molten metal within a structure, such as mold 20.

(39) FIG. 7 shows a control panel 70 that may be used with a control system. Control panel 70 includes an auto/man (also called an auto/manual) control 72 that can be used to choose between automatic and manual control. A device on button 74 allows a user to turn device 58 on and off. An optional metal depth indicator 76 allows an operator to determine the depth of the molten metal as measured by device 58. An emergency on/off button 78 allows an operator to stop metal pump 22. An optional RPM indicator 80 allows an operator to determine the number of revolutions per minute of a predetermined shaft of molten metal pump 22. An AMPS indicator 82 allows the operator to determine an electric current to the motor of molten metal pump 22. A start button 84 allows an operator user to start molten metal pump 22, and a stop button 84 allows a user to stop molten metal pump 22.

(40) A speed control 86 can override the automatic control system (if being utilized) and allows an operator to increase or decrease the speed of the molten metal pump. A cooling air button 88 allows an operator to direct cooling air to the pump motor.

(41) Some non-limiting examples of this disclosure are as follows:

Example 1

(42) A system for placing molten aluminum into a mold, the system comprising:

(43) (a) a vessel having a first chamber and a second chamber; a dividing wall separating the first chamber and the second chamber, the dividing wall having a first height H1 and a first opening below the first height H1; wherein the second chamber has an outer wall comprising a second opening having a second height H2 that is above the first opening;

(44) (b) a molten metal pump in the first chamber;

(45) (c) a mold outside of the vessel and above the second opening, the mold having a cavity, a bottom surface at a fourth height H4, a top surface with a fifth height H5, and a mold opening in communication with the cavity; and

(46) (d) a conduit leading from the second opening in the outer wall of the second chamber to the mold opening;

(47) wherein when the pump is operated it moves molten metal from the first chamber through the first opening and into the second chamber, and through the conduit and into the mold cavity.

Example 2

(48) The system of example 1, wherein the molten metal pump is a circulation pump.

Example 3

(49) The system of example 1, wherein the molten metal pump is a gas-release pump.

Example 4

(50) The system of example 1, wherein the molten metal pump has a pump housing with an outlet, and the outlet is positioned 6 or less from the opening.

Example 5

(51) The system of example 1, wherein a bracket is connected to the dividing wall and the bracket is also connected to the molten metal pump and configured to maintain the molten metal pump in position in the first chamber.

Example 6

(52) The system of example 5, wherein the molten metal pump has a superstructure that is a metal platform, and the bracket is connected to the superstructure.

Example 7

(53) The system of example 1, wherein the vessel that includes the first chamber and the second chamber is a reverberatory furnace.

Example 8

(54) The system of example 1, wherein the pumping is stopped after a solid metal skin has formed.

Example 9

(55) The system of example 1, wherein the mold is moved after the solid metal skin has formed.

Example 10

(56) The system of example 1, wherein the first opening is between 6 in.sup.2 and 24 in.sup.2.

Example 11

(57) The system of example 1, wherein the molten metal pump has a pump housing with an outlet, and the outlet is positioned at least partially in the opening.

Example 12

(58) The system of example 1, wherein the mold is comprised of ceramic.

Example 13

(59) The system of example 1, wherein the mold is comprised of silicon carbide.

Example 14

(60) The system of example 1, wherein there is no structure between the second chamber and the conduit.

Example 15

(61) The system of example 1, wherein the conduit is comprised of ceramic.

Example 16

(62) The system of example 1, wherein the conduit is comprised of silicon carbide.

Example 17

(63) The system of example 15, wherein there is no structure between the conduit and the mold.

Example 18

(64) The system of example 1 that includes a second molten metal pump in the second chamber.

Example 19

(65) The system of example 5, wherein the dividing wall has an upper edge and the bracket is on the upper edge.

Example 20

(66) The system of example 5, wherein the molten metal pump has a superstructure that is a metal platform, and the bracket is connected to the superstructure.

Example 21

(67) A system for transferring molten metal to a mold, the system comprising:

(68) (a) a vessel configured to hold molten metal;

(69) (b) a conduit in fluid communication with the vessel;

(70) (c) a molten metal pump in the vessel and an uptake chamber leading to an outlet that is at or above a mold; and

(71) (d) a conduit connecting the vessel to a mold.

Example 22

(72) The system of example 21, wherein the molten metal pump is a circulation pump.

Example 23

(73) The system of example 21, wherein the molten metal pump is a gas-release pump.

Example 24

(74) The system of example 21, wherein the conduit has an inner cross-sectional area of between 6 in.sup.2 and 24 in.sup.2.

Example 25

(75) The system of example 21, wherein the molten metal pump has a housing and an outlet, and the outlet is positioned 6 or less from a first end of the conduit.

Example 26

(76) The system of example 21, wherein a bracket is connected to a wall and the bracket is also connected to the molten metal pump and configured to maintain the molten metal pump in position relative the first end of the conduit.

Example 27

(77) The system of example 21, wherein the conduit is comprised of ceramic.

Example 28

(78) The system of example 21, wherein the conduit is comprised of silicon carbide.

Example 29

(79) The system of example 21, wherein the conduit is covered by an insulator.

Example 30

(80) The system of example 21, wherein there is no structure between the vessel and the conduit.

Example 31

(81) The system of example 21, wherein the mold is comprised of ceramic.

Example 32

(82) The system of example 31, wherein the mold is comprised of silicon carbide.

Example 33

(83) The system of example 26, wherein the dividing wall has an upper edge and the bracket is on the upper edge.

Example 34

(84) The system of example 26, wherein the molten metal pump has a superstructure that is a metal platform, and the bracket is connected to the superstructure.

Example 35

(85) The system of example 1, wherein the pump is a variable speed pump.

Example 36

(86) A method for placing molten aluminum into a mold utilizing a system comprising:

(87) (a) a vessel having a first chamber and a second chamber; a dividing wall separating the first chamber and the second chamber, the dividing wall having a first height H1 and a first opening below the first height H1; wherein the second chamber has an outer wall comprising a second opening having a second height H2 that is above the first opening;

(88) (b) a molten metal pump in the first chamber;

(89) (c) a mold outside of the vessel and above the second opening, the mold having a cavity, a bottom surface at a fourth height H4, a top surface with a fifth height H5, and a mold opening in communication with the cavity; and

(90) (d) a conduit leading from the second opening in the outer wall of the second chamber to the mold opening;

(91) wherein the method comprises the following steps:

(92) (a) operating the pump to move molten metal from the first chamber through the dividing wall and into the second chamber;

(93) (b) operating the pump until the mold is at least partially filled with molten metal; and

(94) (c) allowing a skin to form over the mold opening, wherein the skin is sufficiently durable so as to prevent the flow of molten metal out of the cavity through the mold opening.

Example 37

(95) The method of example 36, wherein the pumping is not continuous.

Example 38

(96) The method of example 36, wherein the pumping is performed by a transfer pump.

Example 39

(97) The method of example 36, wherein the dividing wall includes an opening positioned below H1.

Example 40

(98) The method of example 36, wherein the pumping is performed by a circulation pump.

Example 41

(99) The method of example 36, wherein the pumping is performed by a gas-release pump.

Example 42

(100) The method of example 36 further comprising the step of measuring an amount of molten metal within one or more of the vessel and the mold.

Example 43

(101) The method of example 42 that further comprises the step of adjusting the speed of the molten metal pump in response to the measured amount.

Example 44

(102) The system of example 1, wherein the molten metal pump has a base configured to be received partially in the first opening of the dividing wall.

Example 45

(103) The method of example 21, wherein the pump has a pump base and a discharge, and the dividing wall has an opening to permit molten metal to be pumped from the first chamber through the first opening and into the second chamber, the discharge being aligned with the first opening so that at least some of the molten metal exiting the discharge passes through the first opening.

Example 46

(104) The method of example 1 that further comprises the step of adjusting the speed of the pumping according to the amount of molten metal in the mold.

Example 47

(105) The method of example 1 that further comprises the step of adjusting the speed of the pumping according to the amount of molten metal in the vessel.

(106) Having thus described different embodiments of the invention, other variations and embodiments that do not depart from the spirit thereof will become apparent to those skilled in the art. The scope of the present invention is thus not limited to any particular embodiment, but is instead set forth in the appended claims and the legal equivalents thereof. Unless expressly stated in the written description or claims, the steps of any method recited in the claims may be performed in any order capable of yielding the desired product or result.