Frictionless electronic safety actuator

Abstract

A frictionless electronic safety actuator (100) for use in an elevator system, which includes at least one electromagnet (110), and a magnetic plate (120) attached to a connection arrangement (190). The connection arrangement (190) is configured to connect the magnetic plate (120; 220) to a linkage (80) that is actuatable so as to move a safety brake (24) into frictional engagement with an elevator guide rail (20). The at least one electromagnet (110) is operable to selectively produce a magnetic force which acts upon the magnetic plate (120) to displace the magnetic plate (120) and thereby move the connection arrangement (190) to actuate the linkage (80) without the magnetic plate (120) coming into frictional engagement with the elevator guide rail (20).

Claims

1. A frictionless electronic safety actuator (100, 200) for use in an elevator system, comprising: at least one electromagnet (110; 210, 212), and a magnetic plate (120; 220) attached to a connection arrangement (190; 290); wherein the connection arrangement (190; 290) is configured to connect the magnetic plate (120; 220) to a linkage (80) that is actuatable so as to move a safety brake (24) into frictional engagement with an elevator guide rail (20); and wherein the at least one electromagnet (110; 210, 212) is operable to selectively produce a magnetic force which acts upon the magnetic plate (120; 220) to displace the magnetic plate (120; 220) and thereby move the connection arrangement (190; 290) to actuate the linkage (80) without the magnetic plate (120; 220) coming into frictional engagement with the elevator guide rail (20); wherein the connection arrangement (190) includes a plurality of leaf springs (130) connected in series to form a concertina (135) in a vertical direction with one end fixed and one end movable in vertical direction and a linkage connection point (195) located on the movable end of the concertina (135).

2. The frictionless electronic safety actuator (100) according to claim 1, wherein the connection arrangement (190) is configured translate a horizontal displacement of the magnetic plate (120) to a vertical movement of the linkage (80).

3. The frictionless electronic safety actuator (100) according to claim 2, wherein the connection arrangement (190) includes a compression spring arrangement (130) configured to translate a horizontal displacement of the magnetic plate (120) to a vertical movement of the linkage (80); and wherein the compression spring arrangement (130) generates a spring bias to return to a relaxed state which actuates a vertical movement of the linkage (80) to move a safety brake (24) into frictional engagement with an elevator guide rail (20).

4. The frictionless electronic safety actuator (100) according to claim 1, wherein the vertical movement of the plurality of leaf springs (130) is guided so a first side of the plurality of leaf springs (130) is fixed in the horizontal direction and guided in the vertical direction, and a second side of the plurality of leaf springs (130) is guided in the vertical direction and movable in the horizontal direction; and wherein the second side of the plurality of leaf springs (130) is attached to the magnetic plate (120), and horizontal movement is determined by the operation of the at least one electromagnet (110).

5. The frictionless electronic safety actuator (100) according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic plate (120) comprises at least one permanent magnet (122).

6. The frictionless electronic safety actuator (100) according to claim 5, wherein the at least one electromagnet (110) is operable to produce a magnetic field to repel the magnetic plate (120).

7. The frictionless electronic safety actuator (100) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one electromagnet (110) is operable to produce a magnetic field to reset the magnetic plate (120); wherein the magnetic plate (120) is moved in the horizontal direction against the bias of the compression spring arrangement (130).

8. The frictionless electronic safety actuator (100, 200) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one electromagnet (110; 210, 212) is operable to remove or reverse the magnetic field in order to displace the magnetic plate (120; 220).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(1) Certain preferred examples of this disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows an example of an elevator system employing a mechanical governor;

(3) FIG. 2A shows a side on schematic of a frictionless electronic safety actuator during normal operation of an elevator according to a first example;

(4) FIG. 2B shows a side on schematic of a frictionless electronic safety actuator in a tripped position according to the first example;

(5) FIG. 3 shows a side on schematic of a frictionless electronic safety actuator connected to an elevator safety brake in a tripped position according to the first example;

(6) FIG. 4 shows a side on schematic of a frictionless electronic safety actuator connected to a safety brake during normal operation of an elevator according to a second example;

(7) FIG. 5 shows a side on schematic of a frictionless electronic safety actuator connected to a safety brake in a semi-tripped position according to the second example; and

(8) FIG. 6 shows a side on schematic of an electronic safety actuator connected to a safety brake in a tripped position according to the second example.

(9) FIG. 1 shows an elevator system, generally indicated at 10. The elevator system 10 includes cables or belts 12, a car frame 14, an elevator car 16, roller guides 18, guide rails 20, a governor 22, and a pair of safety brakes 24 mounted on the elevator car 16. The governor 22 is mechanically coupled to actuate the safety brakes 24 by linkages 26, levers 28, and lift rods 30. The governor 22 includes a governor sheave 32, rope loop 34, and a tensioning sheave 36. The cables 12 are connected to the car frame 14 and a counterweight (not shown) inside a hoistway. The elevator car 16, which is attached to the car frame 14, moves up and down the hoistway by a force transmitted through the cables or belts 12 to the car frame 14 by an elevator drive (not shown) commonly located in a machine room at the top of the hoistway. The roller guides 18 are attached to the car frame 14 to guide the elevator car 16 up and down the hoistway along the guide rails 20. The governor sheave 32 is mounted at an upper end of the hoistway. The rope loop 34 is wrapped partially around the governor sheave 32 and partially around the tensioning sheave 36 (located in this example at a bottom end of the hoistway). The rope loop 34 is also connected to the elevator car 16 at the lever 28, ensuring that the angular velocity of the governor sheave 32 is directly related to the speed of the elevator car 16.

(10) In the elevator system 10 shown in FIG. 1, the governor 22, a machine brake (not shown) located in the machine room, and the safety brakes 24 act to stop the elevator car 16 if it exceeds a set speed as it travels inside the hoistway. If the elevator car 16 reaches an over-speed condition, the governor 22 is triggered initially to engage a switch, which in turn cuts power to the elevator drive and drops the machine brake to arrest movement of the drive sheave (not shown) and thereby arrest movement of elevator car 16. If, however, the elevator car 16 continues to experience an overspeed condition, the governor 22 may then act to trigger the safety brakes 24 to arrest movement of the elevator car 16 (i.e. an emergency stop). In addition to engaging a switch to drop the machine brake, the governor 22 also releases a clutching device that grips the governor rope 34. The governor rope 34 is connected to the safety brakes 24 through mechanical linkages 26, levers 28, and lift rods 30. As the elevator car 16 continues its descent, the governor rope 34, which is now prevented from moving by the actuated governor 22, pulls on the operating levers 28. The operating levers 28 actuate the safety brakes 24 by moving the linkages 26 connected to the lift rods 30, and the lift rods 30 cause the safety brakes 24 to engage the guide rails 20 to bring the elevator car 16 to a stop.

(11) It will be appreciated that, whilst a roped elevator is described here, the examples of an electronic safety actuator described here will work equally well with a ropeless elevator system e.g. hydraulic systems and systems with linear motors.

(12) Whilst mechanical speed governor systems are still in use in many elevator systems, others are now implementing electronically actuated systems to trigger the emergency safety brakes 24. Most of these electronically actuated systems utilize use friction between a magnet and the guide rail 20 to then mechanically actuate a linkage to engage the safety brakes 24. Examples of an electronic safety actuator are disclosed herein which do not utilize friction against the guide rail 20 to actuate the safety brakes 24.

(13) FIG. 2A shows a first example of a frictionless electronic safety actuator 100 during normal elevator operation, and FIG. 2B shows the first example of the frictionless electronic safety actuator 100 in a triggered position. FIG. 3 shows the triggered frictionless electronic safety actuator 100 situated above a safety brake 24 in a tripped position. The frictionless electronic safety actuator 100 includes at least one electromagnet 110 and a magnetic (e.g. steel) plate 120. The magnetic plate 120 is attached to a connection arrangement 190 that includes a plurality of leaf springs 130 connected in series to form a concertina 135 with a fixed side 150 with fixation holes 180, a movable side 140, a fixed bottom plate 170, and a moveable top plate 160 with a linkage connecting point 195.

(14) In the example shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B and 3, the plurality of leaf springs 130 are assembled together in the form of a plurality of elliptic leaf springs connected together in series at their apices to form a concertina 135, where a first side of each leaf spring 130 is fixed on the horizontal axis, but movable on the vertical axis, and a second side, opposite to the first side, is movable on both the horizontal and vertical axes. The first side of each leaf spring 130 is connected to the fixed side 150 of the connection arrangement 190 via a guide (not shown) to allow movement in the vertical direction. This fixed side 150 is configured to be attached to an elevator component, i.e. an elevator car 16 or a counterweight, via the fixation holes 180. The second side of each leaf spring 130 is connected via a guide (not shown) to the movable side 140 of the connection arrangement 190, which is attached to the magnetic plate 120. In some examples the magnetic plate 120 is a steel plate. The concertina 135 of leaf springs 130 is also attached to the fixed bottom plate 170 and the moveable top plate 160, which both extend horizontally between the movable side 140 and the fixed side 150. The fixed bottom plate 170 is fixed relative to the fixed side 150, and the top plate 160 moves vertically with the movement of the plurality of leaf springs 130. A linkage 80 (not shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B) is connected to the top plate 160 at a linkage connecting point 195. The linkage 80 connects the frictionless electronic safety actuator 100 to a safety brake 24 e.g. the safety brake 24 mounted below the electronic safety actuator 100 as shown in FIG. 3.

(15) The plurality of leaf springs 130 are designed to deform easily without exceeding their yield strength, whilst still being able to provide the required actuation distance and a spring force capable of actuating the linkage 80. In some examples the plurality of leaf springs 130 comprise thin metal sheet plates. Various alternative compression spring arrangements may be contemplated, such as a buckling spring instead of the concertina of leaf springs. In some examples a single leaf spring may be used.

(16) The at least one electromagnet 110 is positioned relative to the magnetic plate 120 such that, when the at least one electromagnet 110 is operated, the produced magnetic field acts on the magnetic plate 120. In the example of FIGS. 2A, 2B and 3, the electromagnet 110 is positioned horizontally adjacent to the magnetic plate 120. The electromagnet 110 is illustrated as having an E-shaped core with a pair of coils, but of course it may take any suitable form e.g. a straight core with a single coil or more than two coils.

(17) FIG. 2A shows the frictionless electronic safety actuator 100 during normal elevator operation. In this example the electromagnet 110 is operated to produce a magnetic field which acts upon the magnetic plate 120 with a horizontal magnetic force to pull the moveable side 140 of the connection arrangement 190 towards the electromagnet 110 and hence deflect the second side of the concertina 135 of the plurality of leaf springs 130 in a horizontal direction. The electromagnet 110 acts to pull the magnetic plate 120 and the moveable side of the concertina 135 of the plurality of leaf springs 130 horizontally against the force of the plurality of leaf springs 130, and keep the concertina 135 of the plurality of leaf springs 130 in this position during normal operation of the elevator, as shown by the force arrows. As the leaf springs 130 are attached together at their apices in a concertina type arrangement, this horizontal pull causes a combinatory effect with the compression of the plurality of leaf springs 130 in the vertical direction.

(18) FIG. 2B shows the frictionless electronic safety actuator 100 in a tripped position, which can be used to actuate the safety brake 24 (seen in FIG. 1). In this example the electromagnet 110 is operated to remove the magnetic field acting upon the magnetic plate 120, so as to allow the moveable side 140 of the connection arrangement 190 to be pulled away from the electromagnet 110 by the concertina 135 of the plurality of leaf springs 130 exerting a vertical force to recover to their relaxed state, thus reducing their horizontal deflection. This horizontal movement of the magnetic plate 120 is shown by the arrows. This produces a vertical movement in the top plate 160, which in turn moves the linkage connecting point 195 so that a linkage 80 (not shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B) is pulled upwards as to actuate the safety brake 24.

(19) In this example the electromagnet 110 produces an attractive force upon the magnetic plate 120 whilst the elevator is in normal operation (FIG. 2A). When the safety brakes 24 need to be engaged, the electromagnet 110 stops producing the attractive force and the force of the plurality of leaf springs 130 actuates the linkage pulling on the safety brake 24. This can act as a failsafe in case of a loss of power, as when the electromagnet 110 loses power, the safety brake 24 will be actuated automatically.

(20) In some examples the at least one electromagnet 110 is operated to actively repel the magnetic plate 120, providing additional force to the force of the plurality of leaf springs 130 to return to their relaxed state. This can speed up the process of actuating the safety brake 24.

(21) To reset the frictionless electronic safety actuator 100 the at least one electromagnet 110 is operated to produce a magnetic force to displace the magnetic plate 120 horizontally back to its original position, against the bias of the concertina 135 of the plurality of leaf springs 130.

(22) In the example shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B the electromagnet 110 is operated to produce an attractive magnetic field which acts on the magnetic plate 120 to pull the magnetic plate 120, back to its normal operating position. This pulls the plurality of leaf springs 130 into a deflected position.

(23) FIG. 3 shows an example of the frictionless electronic safety actuator 100 situated above a safety brake 24 in a tripped position. A linkage 80 is shown attached at one end to the top plate 160 at the linkage connection point 195, and at the other end to the safety brake 24. The linkage has actuated the safety brake 24. The connection arrangement 190 is illustrated which comprises the plurality of leaf springs 130, fixed side 150 with fixation holes 180, movable side 140, fixed bottom plate 170, top plate 160 and linkage connecting point 195. In this example the magnetic (e.g. steel) plate 120 also comprises at least one permanent magnet 122.

(24) In the example shown in FIG. 3, the magnetic plate 120 comprises at least one permanent magnet 122. The permanent magnets 122 act to aid the attraction of the magnetic plate 120 to the at least one electromagnet 110. In this example constant current is not required in the at least one electromagnet 110 during normal operation of the elevator, and the at least one electromagnet 110 is only operated to provide a force to help the plurality of leaf springs 130 return to their relaxed state, and actuate the safety brake 24.

(25) In the example of FIG. 3, to reset the frictionless electronic safety actuator 100 the electromagnet 110 is switched off to allow the magnetic plate 120 to displace horizontally back to its normal operating position. In some examples the electromagnet 110 is operated to produce a force to displace the magnetic plate 120 horizontally back to its original position, to aid with force provided by the at least one permanent magnet 122. Once the magnetic plate 120 has returned to its normal operating position the electromagnet 110 can be turned off. In this example minimal power is required to operate the frictionless electronic safety actuator 100, which improves operational efficiency of the system.

(26) FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show a second example of a frictionless electronic safety actuator 200. The frictionless electronic safety actuator 200 comprises a first magnetic plate 210, a second magnetic plate 220, a stop 212, and a spring 230, located within a housing 250. A connection arrangement 290 connects the second magnetic plate 220 to a linkage 80 which is configured to actuate a safety brake 24. The connection arrangement 290 may be any form of connection which allows the movement of the second magnetic plate 220 to actuate the linkage 80. In this example the connection arrangement 290 is a pin.

(27) In an example the first magnetic plate 210 is an electromagnet. In another example the stop 212 is an electromagnet. In another example both the first magnetic plate 210 and the stop 212 are electromagnets. The electromagnet(s) may take any suitable form e.g. a straight core with a single coil or more than one coil. The electromagnet(s) 210, 212 are positioned so as to act upon the second magnetic plate 220, and move the second magnetic plate 220 from a rest position during normal operation as seen in FIG. 4, to an actuated position vertically displaced upwards from the rest position as shown in FIG. 6. The second magnetic plate 220 can be made of a ferrous material, possible including one or more permanent magnets, or the second magnetic plate 220 can be a permanent magnet.

(28) Whilst in some examples the stop 212 is an electromagnet, it can be any form of physical stop. In some examples the stop 212 is a permanent magnet. In some examples the stop is resiliently mounted, preferably so that the resilient mounting can assist with the reset of the magnetic plate. In the example shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 the resilient mounting is a spring 230, however other types of resilient mounting may also be suitable, e.g. an actuator, a hydraulic ram, a pneumatic ram etc.

(29) In the example shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, the first magnetic plate 210 is located at the bottom of the housing 250 and during normal operation of the elevator the second magnetic plate 220 rests above the first magnetic plate 210. The stop 212 is attached to the top of the housing 250 via a spring 230.

(30) When the frictionless electronic safety actuator 200 activates, the electromagnet(s) are operable to produce a force which moves the second magnetic plate 220, from its resting position as shown in FIG. 4, upwards towards the stop 212. This movement actuates the linkage 80, which pulls the safety brake 24, as shown in FIG. 5. The movement is then absorbed by a compression of the spring 230, as shown in FIG. 6. The stop 212 restricts the upwards movement of the second magnetic plate 220.

(31) The use of the spring 230 allows for a shortened distance between the first magnetic plate 210 and stop 212, with space for large actuation distances to be absorbed by the compression of the spring 230, when the second magnetic plate 220 is pushed upwards by the electromagnet of the first magnetic plate 210. The spring 230 can also absorb some of the force of the movement of the second magnetic plate 220, preventing damage of the stop 212 and the second magnetic plate 220. It also aids with reset. Whilst a spring 230 is discussed with reference to this example, it will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that various types of resilient mountings may be suitable.

(32) In the example, where both the first magnetic plate 210 and the stop 212 are electromagnets, the first magnetic plate 210 can be operated to repel the magnetic plate 220, and the stop 212 can be operated to attract the magnetic plate 220, increasing the efficiency of the actuation of the safety brake 24. In this example each electromagnet requires less power than a single electromagnet would require.

(33) In the situation where the first magnetic plate 210 is an electromagnet, the stop 212 can be a permanent magnet, configured to attract the second magnetic plate 220. The magnetic attraction between the second magnetic plate 220 and the stop 212 can help prevent the second magnetic plate 220 from shifting downwards with a pull from the safety brake 24, when the safety brake 24 exerts a frictional force against the guide rail 20.

(34) In some examples no power is needed during normal operation, as the second magnetic plate 220 is kept in place by its own weight. Advantages for this include improved energy efficiency. In an additional example, the natural magnetic force between the first magnetic plate 210 and the second magnetic plate 220 provide additional force to keep the second magnetic plate 220 in place, even when the electromagnet of the first magnetic plate 210 is not powered.

(35) In an example, the electromagnet of the first magnetic plate 210 can be operable to produce a magnetic field to keep the second magnetic plate 220 in place during normal operation. This prevents any abnormal movement of the elevator car 16 from moving the second magnetic plate 220 in a way which could accidentally trigger the safety brake 24.

(36) In the examples shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, to reset the frictionless electronic safety actuator 200 from the triggered state as seen in FIG. 6, back to the position as in FIG. 4 during normal operation, the electromagnet(s) are operated to produce a reversed magnetic field to attract the second magnetic plate 220 back into its normal operating position. The force of the spring 230 can aid with this movement, assisting gravity.

(37) The frictionless electronic safety actuator 100, 200 is fixed to the elevator car 16 and is positioned relative to the safety brake 24 such that the linkage can actuate the safety brake 24. The frictionless electronic safety actuator 100, 200 is positioned to make no direct contact with the elevator rail 20.

(38) It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many forms of linkage 80 between the frictionless electronic safety actuator 100, 200 and the safety brake 24 would be suitable for actuating the safety brake 24 based on the movement of the frictionless electronic safety actuator 100, 200. Additionally a variety of types of safety brakes 24 are suitable for actuation by a linkage 80 in this manner, e.g. a safety brake 24 using a wedge or a roller. In the examples shown the safety brake 24 is positioned below the frictionless electronic safety actuator 100, 200, however it will be appreciated that other configurations would also be possible, for example, the frictionless electronic safety actuator 100, 200 may even be positioned to one side of or below the safety brake 24, e.g. depending on the linkage used.

(39) The above described examples have a number of advantages over traditional electronic safety actuators. The actuation of the safety brake has no dependence on guide rail 16 condition, or the speed of the elevator car. Additionally the response time to braking will be improved as actuation is not dependent on a friction force between the electronic safety actuator and the guide rail 20. Movement of the car will also not affect the actuation of the safety brakes, as the actuation of the safety brakes is fully independent of any interaction between the elevator car 16 and the guide rails 20. This can improve the safety of the whole elevator system. The frictionless electronic safety actuator may also have the advantage of not damaging the guide rail.

(40) It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the disclosure has been illustrated by describing one or more specific aspects thereof, but is not limited to these aspects; many variations and modifications are possible, within the scope of the accompanying claims.