Abstract
A current transformer includes first and second bobbins, and a secondary winding. The first bobbin includes a first tube defining a first longitudinal axis. First and second flanges are disposed on first and second ends of the first tube. The first tube, the first and second flanges collectively define a first slit along the first longitudinal axis. The first slit allows receipt of a primary conductor into the first tube. The second bobbin includes a second tube rotatably received about the first tube. The second tube defines a second slit along the second longitudinal axis. The second slit allows receipt of the primary conductor into the first and second tubes. The secondary winding is wound about the first bobbin and extends along the first longitudinal axis, passing through the first tube and over the first and second flanges. The second tube rotates about the second longitudinal axis relative to the first tube.
Claims
1. A method of installing a current transformer, the method comprising: disposing a first bobbin on an electric line, the first bobbin comprising: a first tube having first and second ends and defining a first longitudinal axis; a first flange disposed on the first end of the first tube; a second flange disposed on the second end of the first tube, wherein the first tube, the first flange, and the second flange collectively define a first slit along the first longitudinal axis, the first slit configured to allow receipt of the electric line into the first tube; and a secondary winding wound about the first bobbin, the secondary winding extending along the first longitudinal axis, passing through the first tube and over the first and second flanges; disposing a second bobbin on the first bobbin disposed on the electric line, the second bobbin comprising: a second tube having first and second ends, the second tube defining: a second longitudinal axis; and a second slit along the second longitudinal axis, the second slit configured to receive the first tube into the second tube, wherein when the first tube is received into the second tube, the first longitudinal axis is substantially coincident with the second longitudinal axis and the second bobbin can spin about the second longitudinal axis relative to the first bobbin; and winding a core wrap about the second bobbin disposed on the first bobbin in a direction substantially perpendicular to the second longitudinal axis by rotating the second bobbin relative to the first bobbin while feeding the core wrap onto the second bobbin.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second bobbin is sized for receipt over the first tube and between the first and second flanges.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second bobbin comprises: a third flange disposed on the first end of the second tube; and a fourth flange disposed on the second end of the second tube, wherein the second tube, the third flange, and the fourth flange collectively define the second slit.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the secondary winding passes through the first flange and/or the second flange.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art current transformer.
(2) FIG. 2a is a schematic view of a utility network having an exemplary current transformer.
(3) FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the exemplary secondary winding about first and second bobbins.
(4) FIG. 2C is a front view of the exemplary secondary winding about first and second bobbins.
(5) FIG. 3A is a schematic front view of an exemplary first bobbin of a current transformer.
(6) FIG. 3B is a schematic rear view of the exemplary first bobbin of the current transformer of FIG. 3A.
(7) FIG. 3C is a schematic front view of the exemplary flange of the first bobbin.
(8) FIG. 3D is a schematic front view of an exemplary second bobbin of a current transformer.
(9) FIG. 3E is a schematic rear view of the exemplary second bobbin of the current transformer of FIG. 3D.
(10) FIG. 3F is a schematic front view of an exemplary second bobbin rotatably received about a first bobbin.
(11) FIG. 3G is a schematic rear view of the exemplary second bobbin rotatably received about the first bobbin of FIG. 3F.
(12) FIG. 3H is a schematic front view of an exemplary second bobbin rotatably received about a first bobbin and having partial gears.
(13) FIG. 3I is a schematic rear view of the exemplary second bobbin rotatably received about the first bobbin of FIG. 3H and having partial gears.
(14) FIG. 3J is a schematic front view of an exemplary second bobbin rotatably received about a first bobbin, where the first bobbin has two flanges.
(15) FIG. 3K is a schematic rear view of the exemplary second bobbin rotatably received about the first bobbin of FIG. 3F, where the first bobbin has two flanges.
(16) FIG. 3L is a front view of an exemplary secondary winding about first and second bobbins.
(17) FIG. 3M is a rear view of the exemplary secondary winding about first and second bobbins of FIG. 3L.
(18) FIG. 3N is a front view of an exemplary material foil wrapped about the second bobbin.
(19) FIG. 3O is a rear view of the exemplary material foil wrapped about the second bobbin of FIG. 3N.
(20) FIG. 3P is a side view of an exemplary first bobbin.
(21) FIG. 3Q is a side view of an exemplary second bobbin.
(22) FIG. 3R is a side view of the exemplary second bobbin of FIG. 3O rotatably received about the first bobbin of FIG. 3N.
(23) FIG. 3S is a side view of the exemplary second bobbin of FIG. 3O rotatably received about the first bobbin of FIG. 3N, where the second bobbin includes two flanges.
(24) FIG. 3T is a side view of the exemplary second bobbin of FIG. 3O rotatably received about the first bobbin of FIG. 3N having a secondary winding about the first bobbin.
(25) FIG. 3U is a side view of the exemplary second bobbin of FIG. 3O rotatably received about the first bobbin of FIG. 3N having a secondary winding about the first bobbin and a magnetic foil about the second bobbin.
(26) FIG. 4A provides an exemplary arrangement of operations for a method of installing a current transformer on a primary conductor.
(27) FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the current transformer being installed on a primary conductor as described in the method of FIG. 4A.
(28) FIG. 5A is a schematic front view of an exemplary first bobbin of a current transformer.
(29) FIG. 5B is a schematic rear view of the exemplary first bobbin of the current transformer of FIG. 5A.
(30) FIG. 5C is a schematic front view of the exemplary first and second bobbins.
(31) FIG. 5D is a schematic back view of the exemplary first and second bobbins of the current transformer of FIG. 5C.
(32) FIG. 5E is a schematic front view of exemplary first and second bobbins with a wrapped magnetic foil.
(33) FIG. 5F is a schematic back view of the exemplary first and second bobbins with a wrapped magnetic foil of the current transformer of FIG. 5C.
(34) FIG. 5G is a side view of an exemplary first bobbin.
(35) FIG. 5H is a side view of an exemplary second bobbin.
(36) FIG. 5I is a side view of an exemplary current transformer.
(37) FIG. 6A provides an exemplary arrangement of operations for a method of installing a current transformer on a primary conductor.
(38) FIG. 6B is a perspective view of the current transformer as applying the method of FIG. 6A.
(39) FIGS. 7A-7C are perspective views of an exemplary winding device.
(40) FIG. 7D is a side view of an example foil.
(41) FIG. 7E is a schematic view of an exemplary arrangement of operations for a method of assembling a foil dispenser.
(42) FIG. 7F is a schematic view of an exemplary arrangement of operations for a method of installing a current transformer on a primary conductor.
(43) FIG. 8A is a schematic front view of an exemplary housing base of a current transformer.
(44) FIG. 8B is a schematic rear view of the exemplary housing base of the current transformer of FIG. 8A.
(45) FIG. 8C is a schematic front view of an exemplary housing base and a core wrap.
(46) FIG. 8D is a schematic back view of the exemplary housing base and a core wrap of the current transformer of FIG. 8C.
(47) FIG. 8E is a schematic front view of an exemplary housing cover of a current transformer.
(48) FIG. 8F is a schematic back view of the exemplary housing cover of the current transformer of FIG. 8E.
(49) FIG. 8G is a schematic front view of the exemplary housing base, a core wrap, and a housing cover of a current transformer
(50) FIG. 8H is a schematic back view of the exemplary housing base, a core wrap, and a housing cover of the current transformer of FIG. 8G.
(51) FIG. 8I is a side view of an exemplary housing base.
(52) FIG. 8J is a side view of an exemplary housing cover.
(53) FIG. 8K is a side view of an exemplary current transformer.
(54) FIG. 8L is a perspective view of a housing base on a primary conductor.
(55) FIG. 8M is a perspective view of a housing base having a winding and on a primary conductor.
(56) FIG. 8N is a perspective view of a housing base having a winding and a housing cover.
(57) FIG. 9A provides an exemplary arrangement of operations for a method of installing a current transformer on a primary conductor.
(58) FIG. 9B is a perspective view of the current transformer as applying the method of FIG. 9A.
(59) FIG. 10A is a schematic view of a simulation of the flux density of an ideal supermalloy transformer core with a fixed magnetizing force,
(60) FIG. 10B is a schematic view of a simulation of the flux density of a supermalloy split core with a fixed magnetizing force.
(61) FIG. 11A is a schematic view of a simulation of the flux density of a wrapped core transformer as described in FIGS. 3A-6B, with a 2 mil gap between 1 mil layers.
(62) FIG. 11B is a schematic view of a simulation of the flux density of a wrapped core transformer as described in FIGS. 3A-6B, with a 10 mil gap between 1 mil layers.
(63) FIGS. 12A-12D are schematic graphs of BH curves of current transformers.
(64) Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(65) This disclosure describes a current transformer (CT). As illustrated in FIG. 2A, in some examples, a CT 300, 500 harvests energy from a power network 200, more specifically, power lines 202 or electrical lines/wires 202 of the power network 200. Utility poles 204 support the power lines 202 allowing the power lines 202 to extend from a first location to a second location and provide power to the second location. CTs 300, 500 may be used to power sensors installed at each utility pole, for example. Other uses of CTs 300, 500 are possible as well. It is desirable to design a CT 300, 500 that is installed on existing primary conductor 202 without compromising the performance and efficiency of the CT 300, 500. As such, the CT 300, 500 described, overcomes the problem where one side of a primary conductor 202 cannot be accessed to insert the cable as the primary conductor 202 within a core of the CT 300, 500, while maintaining the performance of the core material by avoiding the effect of gaps in a traditional split core CT 100 (FIG. 1). The design of the CT 300, 500 avoids breaks in the core (body) by using a foil dispenser 700 (FIGS. 7A-7C) to wrap a continuous roll of thin annealed and laminated soft magnetic material around the primary conductor and a body cover containing the secondary winding around the core.
(66) Referring to FIGS. 2B and 2C, in some implementations, a CT 300, 500 includes a first bobbin 310, 510 and a second bobbin 340, 540. Each of the first and second bobbins 310, 340, 510, 540 includes flanges. A secondary winding 360 is wound about the flanges associated with the first bobbin.
(67) Referring to FIGS. 3A-3U, in some examples, a CT 300 includes a first bobbin 310 and a second bobbin 340, where the second bobbin 340 slides over a first tube 312 of the first bobbin 310 before attaching a second flange 311b of the first bobbin 310. The first bobbin 310 includes a first tube 312 having first and second ends 312a, 312b respectively. The tube defines a first longitudinal axis L.sub.F that extends from the first to the second end 312a, 312b of the first tube 312. A first flange 511a is disposed on the first end 312a of the first tube 312. A second flange 511b is disposed on the second end 312b after the second bobbin 340 slides over the first tube 312 of the first bobbin 310. As such, the second flange 511b prevents the second bobbin 340 from sliding off of the first tube 312 of the first bobbin 310. The first tube 312, the first flange 311a, and the second flange 311b define a first slit 314 along the first longitudinal axis L.sub.F. As will be shown, the first slit 314 is configured to allow receipt of a cable 202 (e.g., a primary conductor) into the first tube 312 of the first bobbin 310. As such, the first slit 314 along the first longitudinal axis L.sub.F has a slit distance D.sub.FB greater than a diameter D.sub.W of a primary conductor 202.
(68) FIG. 3A illustrates a front view of the first bobbin 310 of the CT 300 showing the first flange 311a attached to the first tube 312; while FIG. 3R illustrates the associated side view. A first side 311aa of the first flange 311a and the inner tube 312 extends away from the first side 311aa of the first flange 311a. FIG. 3B illustrates a rear view of the first bobbin 310 shown in FIG. 3A. As shown, the first flange 311a includes a second side 311ab opposite the first side 311aa. FIG. 3C shows the second flange 311b of the first bobbin 310 before being attached to the first tube 312 of the first bobbin 310. The second flange 311b includes first and second sides 311ba, 311bb, where the first side 311ba of the second flange 311b is attached to the first tube 312 after the second bobbin 340 is inserted about the first tube 312.
(69) FIGS. 3D and 3F, and FIGS. 3E and 3G illustrate a front and back view respectively of the second bobbin 340; while FIG. 3Q illustrates the associated side view. The second bobbin 340 includes a second tube 342 that is rotatably received about the first tube 312 of the first bobbin 310. The second tube 342 defines a second longitudinal axis L.sub.F that is substantially coincident with the first longitudinal axis L.sub.F. The second tube 342 includes first and second ends 342a, 342b (FIGS. 3P-3U), each of the first and second ends 342a, 342b having third and fourth flanges 341a, 341b respectively. The second tube 340 defines a second slit 344 along the second longitudinal axis L.sub.S. The second slit 344 allows receipt of the primary conductor 202 into the first tube 312 and the second tube 340 when the first and second slits 314, 344 are aligned. As such, the second tube 340 is configured to rotate about the second longitudinal axis L.sub.S relative to the first tube 312 allowing the first slit 314 to align with the second slit 344, resulting in receipt of the primary conductor 202. In some examples, the second bobbin 340 may include magnets, an adhesive or other attachment mechanism to allow a leader film 334a of the transformer core 332 to attach to it.
(70) Referring to FIGS. 3F and 3G, in some examples, the third flange 341a and/or the fourth flange 341b includes a gear portion 350 to interlock with a slot (not shown) in a drive gear 732 of a foil dispenser 700 (discussed further in FIGS. 7A-7F). As such, when interlocked, the gear portion 350 of the third and/or fourth flange 341a, 341b is operable to rotate the third and/or fourth flange 341a, 341b, which also rotates the second bobbin 340. The third and/or fourth flange 341a, 341b may include first engagement elements 370 disposed on an outer surface of the third and/or fourth flange 341a, 341b. As such, each first engagement element 370 interlocks with a second engagement element 736 of a foil dispenser 700. In other examples, the second bobbin 340, 540 does not include flanges for supporting the first engagement element 370, 570, as such, other means for rotating the second bobbin 340, 540 with respect to the first bobbin 310, 510 may be used.
(71) FIGS. 3F and 3G illustrate front and rear views of the second bobbin 340 after being slid over the first tube 312 of the first bobbin 310; while FIG. 3R illustrates the associated side view. As such, an inner diameter D.sub.SB of the second tube 342 is greater than an inner diameter D.sub.CB of the first tube 312 allowing the second tube 342 to slide about the first tube 312. Referring to FIGS. 3H, 3I, and 3S, when the second tube 342 is slid over the first tube 312, the second flange 311b of the first bobbin 310 is attached to an end of the first tube 312 that the second tube 342 used to slide there through.
(72) Referring to FIGS. 3J, 3K, and 3T, the CT 300 includes a secondary winding 360 wound about the first bobbin 310. The secondary winding 360 extends along the first longitudinal axis L.sub.F passing through the first tube 312 of the first bobbin 310 and over the first and second flanges 311a, 311b of the first bobbin 310. In some examples, the first and second longitudinal axis L.sub.F, L.sub.S are substantially coincident.
(73) Referring to FIGS. 3L, 3M, and 3U, the CT 300 includes a core wrap 330 (that includes a foil material 331) wound about the second bobbin 340 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the second longitudinal axis L.sub.S. The core wrap 330 may include a magnetically permeable foil material 331. The core wrap 330 collectively forms a transformer core 332 about the first and second longitudinal axes L.sub.F, L.sub.S. As such, the transformer core 332 forms a continuous core for the CT 300, which prevents the problem of using the split core CT described above, preventing the distortion of the core material properties. The transformer core 332 may include a 100-turn of a one-mil (about 25 micron) thick supermalloy foil material 331. Other numbers of turns are possible as well. The core wrap 330 is wrapped about the second bobbin 340 after the first and second tubes 312, 342 receive the primary conductor 202.
(74) FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate a method 400 of installing the CT 300 on a primary conductor 202, which may be supported by one or more utility poles as described with respect to FIGS. 3A-3U. At block 402, the method 400 includes attaching a first flange 311a to a first end 312a of a first tube 312. The first tube 312 defines a first longitudinal axis L.sub.F. At block 404, the method 400 includes sliding a second tube 342 over the first tube 312. The second tube 342 defines a second longitudinal axis L.sub.S. The second longitudinal axis L.sub.S is arranged substantially coincident with the first longitudinal axis L.sub.F. At block 406, the method 400 includes attaching a second flange 311b to a second end 312b of the first tube 312 opposite of the first end 312a of the first tube 312. The first tube 312, the first flange 311a, and the second flange 311b collectively form a first bobbin 310 defining a first slit 314 along the first longitudinal axis L.sub.F. The first slit 314 is configured to allow receipt of a primary conductor 202 into the first tube 312. The second tube 342 forms a second bobbin 340 configured to rotate relative to the first bobbin 310. The second bobbin 340 defines a second slit 344 along the second longitudinal axis L.sub.S. The second slit 344 is configured to allow receipt of the cable 202 into the first tube 312 and the second tube 342 when the first slit 314 and the second slit 344 are aligned. At block 408, the method 400 includes winding a secondary winding 360 about the first bobbin 310. The secondary winding 360 extends along the first longitudinal axis L.sub.F, passing through the first tube 312 and over the first and second flanges 311a, 311b.
(75) In some examples, the method 400 includes wrapping a core wrap 330 about the second bobbin 340 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the second longitudinal axis L.sub.S by rotating the second bobbin 340 relative to the first bobbin 310 while feeding the core wrap 330 onto the second bobbin 340. The second bobbin 340 may be sized for receipt over the first tube 312 and between the first and second flanges 311a, 311b. In some examples, the second bobbin 340 includes a third flange 341a disposed on the first end 342a of the second tube 342, and a fourth flange 341b disposed on the second end 342b of the second tube 342. The second tube 342, the third flange 341a, and the fourth flange 341b may collectively define the second slit 344. The secondary winding 360 may pass through the first flange 311a and/or the second flange 311b.
(76) Referring to FIGS. 5A-5I, in some implementations, a CT 500 includes a first bobbin 520 and a second bobbin 540, where the first bobbin 520 is received by the second bobbin 540. The first bobbin 510 includes a first tube 512 having first and second ends 512a, 512 respectively. The tube 512 defines a first longitudinal axis L.sub.F. The first bobbin 510 includes a front portion 510a and a back portion 510b. In addition, the first bobbin 510 includes a first flange 511a disposed on the first end 512a of the tube 512, and a second flange 511b disposed on the second end 512b of the tube 512. As shown, the tube 512 is circular; however, other shapes may be possible as well. The first tube 512, the first flange 511a, and the second flange 511b collectively define a first slit 514 having a slit distance D.sub.FB greater than a diameter D.sub.W of the primary conductor 202. As such, the first slit 514 is configured to allow receipt of the primary conductor 202 into the first tube 512. The slit 514 is defined between a first wall 514a and a second wall 514b of each one of the first and second flanges 511a, 511b of the first bobbin 510. As such, the opening or slit 314 may have a distance D.sub.FB extending from each one of the first wall 514a to the corresponding second wall 514b that is greater than a diameter D.sub.W of the primary conductor 202.
(77) The CT 500 includes a secondary winding 560 wound about the first bobbin 510. The secondary winding 560 extends along the first longitudinal axis L.sub.F, passing through the first tube 512 and over the first and second flanges 511a, 511b. In some examples, the secondary winding 560 passes through the first flange 511a and/or the second flange 511b.
(78) The CT 500 also includes a second bobbin 540 having a second tube 542. The second tube 540 has first and second end 542a, 542b. In addition, the second tube 542 defines a second longitudinal axis L.sub.S extending from the first end 542a to the second end 542h of the second tube 542. The second tube 542 also defines a second slit 544 configured to rotatably receive the first tube 512 into the second tube 542. As such, the slit 544 of the second tube 542 has a distance that is greater than the distance D.sub.FB of the opening 514 of the first tube 512. The second bobbin 540 is sized for receipt over the first tube 512 and between the first and second flanges 511a, 511b. When the first tube 512 is received into the second tube 542, the first longitudinal axis L.sub.F is substantially coincident with the second longitudinal axis L.sub.S and the second bobbin 540 may spin about the second longitudinal axis L.sub.S relative to the first bobbin 510. In some examples, the second bobbin 540 includes a third flange 541a and a fourth flange 541b. The third flange 541a is disposed on the first end 542a of the second tube 542, while the fourth flange 541b is disposed on the second end 542b of the second tube 542. The third and fourth flanges 541a, 541b are configured to maintain a position of the core wrap 330 when wound about the second bobbin 540. The third and/or fourth flange 541a, 541b may include first engagement elements 570 disposed on an outer surface of the third and/or fourth flange 541a, 541b. As such, each first engagement element 370, 570 interlocks with a second engagement element 736 of a foil dispenser 700.
(79) Referring to FIGS. 5E and 5F, a front and back view of the second bobbin 540 being received by the first bobbin 510 are shown. FIGS. 5G and 5H include a core wrap 330 about the second bobbin 540 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the second longitudinal axis L.sub.S.
(80) FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate a method 600 of installing the CT 500 on a primary conductor 202 supported by one or more utility poles as described with respect to FIGS. 5A-5I. At block 602, the method 600 includes disposing a first bobbin 510 on a primary conductor 202. The first bobbin 510 includes a first tube 512 having first and second ends 512a, 512b and defining a first longitudinal axis L.sub.F. A first flange 511a is disposed on the first end 512a of the first tube 512. In addition, a second flange 511b is disposed on the second end 512b of the first tube 512. The first tube 512, the first flange 511a, and the second flange 511b collectively define a first slit 514 along the first longitudinal axis L.sub.F. The first slit 514 is configured to allow receipt of the primary conductor 202 into the first tube 512. A secondary winding 360 is wound about the first bobbin 510. The secondary winding 360 extends along the first longitudinal axis L.sub.F, passing through the first tube 512 and over the first and second flanges 511a, 511b. At block 604, the method 600 includes disposing a second bobbin 540 on the first bobbin 510. The second bobbin 540 includes a second tube 542. At block 606, the method 600 includes winding a core wrap about the second bobbin 540 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the second longitudinal axis by rotating the second bobbin 540 relative to the first bobbin 510 while feeding the primary conductor onto the second bobbin 540. In some examples, the second bobbin 340 may include magnets, an adhesive or other attachment mechanism to allow a leader film 334a of the transformer core 332 to attach to it.
(81) The second tube 542 has first and second ends 542a, 542b. In addition, the second tube 542 defines a second longitudinal axis L.sub.S extending from the first end 542a to the second end 542b of the second tube 542. The second tube 542 also defines a second slit 544 configured to rotatably receive the first tube 512 into the second tube 542. As such, the slit 544 of the second tube 542 has a distance that is greater than the distance D.sub.FB of the opening 514 of the first tube 512. The second bobbin 540 is sized for receipt over the first tube 512 and between the first and second flanges 511a, 511b. When the first tube 512 is received into the second tube 542, the first longitudinal axis L.sub.F is substantially coincident with the second longitudinal axis L.sub.S and the second bobbin 540 can spin about the second longitudinal axis L.sub.S relative to the first bobbin 510.
(82) FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate a foil dispenser 700 for wrapping the magnetically permeable foil material 331 (e.g., core wrap 330) on a second bobbin 340, 540 of a CT 300, 500 as described above. Generally, transformer cores are made by stacking and gluing layers of thin soft magnetic foil materials 331 together to form a large core. In some examples, the magnetically permeable foil material 331 has a thickness (not shown) ranging from 1 mil (about 25 microns) to 12 mils (about 300 microns) depending on the desired performance of the CT 300, 500 and material used. More specifically, the magnetically permeable foil material 331 may have a thickness between 0.5 mils (about 12 microns) to 2 mils (about 50 microns). The permeable foil material 331 is used to limit eddy currents forming in the transformer core 332. Eddy currents are loops of electrical current that are induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor, due to Faraday's law of induction. The foil dispenser 700 wraps the magnetically permeable foil material 331 onto the second bobbin 340, 540, then seals it. The foil material 331 is carried by a supply reel 720 of the foil dispenser 700 and is annealed before it is wrapped onto the second bobbin 340, 540. The foil dispenser 700 is designed to minimize any stress on the permeable foil material 331 after annealing the permeable foil material 331 to prevent any change in its performance. Annealing is a heat treatment that alters the physical and sometimes chemical properties of a material. In the case of soft magnetic materials, annealing serves to change the lattice structure of the material, which changes parameters of the material, such as coercivity, core loss, and permeability. Annealing involves heating the material to above its re-crystallization temperature, maintaining a suitable temperature sometimes in the presence of gases, and then cooling. As such, the BH curve shape of the CT core is extremely dependent on the annealing done to the core. Stress induced slip anisotropy reduces performance.
(83) The foil dispenser 700 includes a dispenser body 710. In the example shown, the dispenser body 710 has left and right sides 710a, 710b as well as a leading end 710c and a tailing end 710d. The dispenser body 710 may include left and right side plates 712, 712a, 712b, The left and right side plates 712a, 712b may be spaced from and substantially parallel to one another, where the supply reel 720 is supported between the left and right side plates 712a, 712b. In other examples, the dispenser body 710 has other shapes. In some examples, at least one of the side plates 712, 712a, 712b is movable with respect to the other allowing the foil dispenser 700 to position the CT 300, 500 for dispensing the core wrap 330 on the second bobbin 340, 540 of the CT 300, 500.
(84) The dispenser body 710 defines a rotation limiter 716 configured to engage and limit rotation of the first bobbin 310, 510 while rotating the second bobbin 340, 540. In some examples, the rotation limiter 716 is supported by one or both of the left and right side plates 712a, 712b. As shown, the rotation limiter 716 includes a protrusion configured for receipt by a dent or slit 314, 514 defined by one of the flanges 311, 511 of the first bobbin 310, 510.
(85) The foil dispenser 700 includes a bobbin drive 730 configured to engage and rotate the second bobbin 340, 540 relative to the first bobbin 310, 510. In some examples, the bobbin drive 730 includes one or more gears 732 and a crank 734. The gear 732 may be supported by the right and left plates 712a, 712b. In some examples, the dispenser body 710 includes left and right gears 732 each supported by the corresponding left and right side plates 712a, 712b. A main gear 732a includes one or more second engagement elements 736 configured to engage the second bobbin 340, 540 and rotate the second bobbin 340, 540 with respect to the first bobbin 310, 510. The second engagement elements 736 may include protrusions or recesses defined by a side surface of the main drive gear 732a. In some examples, two main gears 732a on each side of the foil dispenser 700 include the second engagement elements 736, while in other examples, only one side includes the second engagement elements 736. As such, the second bobbin 340, 540 includes a complementary engagement element to receive the engagement element of the main gear 732a. In some examples, a winding shaft 733 extending between the drive gears 732 may be manually powered by a crank 734 or motorized (not shown), and is configured to rotate the drive gears 732, which results in rotation of the second bobbin 340, 540.
(86) The foil dispenser 700 includes a releasable supply reel 720 configured to provide the core wrap 330 to be wound about the second bobbin 340, 540. In some examples, the foil dispenser 700 includes left and right mounting plates 722, 722a, 722b supported by the corresponding left and right side plates 712a, 712b.
(87) In some examples, the foil dispenser 700 includes a torque limiter 726, such as a drag clutch or a clutch, configured to minimize the stress on the foil material 331. The torque limiter 726 is coupled to the supply reel 720 and configured to resist rotation of the supply reel 720. The torque limiter is an automatic device that protects the foil dispenser 700 from damage by mechanical overload. The torque limiter 726 limits the torque by slipping (as in a friction plate slip-clutch), or uncoupling the load entirely (as in a shear pin). In some examples, the supply reel includes an axle 724 rotatably supported by the dispenser body 710 and the clutch 726 is configured to exert frictional resistance to rotation of the axle 724. The axle 724 extends between the left and right mounting plates 722a, 722b and is configured to simultaneously rotate the left and right mounting plates 722a, 722b causing unwinding of the supply reel 720.
(88) In some examples, the core wrap 330 includes a double-sided tape coil started strip 334 that is configured to attach to the second bobbin 340, 540 and prevent the foil material 331 from rolling off. In some examples, the strip 334 is a plastic wrap that forms an environmental seal over the transformer core 332.
(89) In some examples, the dispenser body 710 defines a first slot 740 configured to receive a cable or primary conductor 202 axially received by the first and second bobbins 310, 340, 510, 540. In some examples, each of the left and right side plates 712a, 712b defines the slot 344 at their leading end 710c. The chive gear 732 defines a second slot 742 configured to receive the primary conductor 202 and allow substantially coaxial placement of the drive gear 732a relative to the second bobbin 340, 540.
(90) An inner diameter of the roll of core wrap 330 on the supply reel 720 is based on a desired core inner diameter of the CT 300, 500, so that the process of unrolling the foil material 331 from the supply reel 720 onto the second bobbin 540 induces the least stress. In some examples, the foil material 331 is laminated. The core wrap 330 is annealed following the desired anneal profile to achieve the target BH curve after being placed on the supply reel 720.
(91) The foil material 331 is laminated and then rolled onto the supply reel 720 and then the foil material 331 is annealed at an optimal temperature and environmental conditions to maximize the performance of the foil material 331, where the optimal temperature is based on the material. The supply foil material 331 may be connected to the second bobbin 340, 540 using a plastic wrap leader to form an environmental seal under the transformer core 332. In some examples, the annealing process includes a temperature profile in Hydrogen gas environment.
(92) FIG. 7E illustrates a method 750 of assembling the foil dispenser 700 with additional reference to FIG. 7D. At block 752, the method 750 includes manufacturing a supply reel bobbin 720 with tube and flanges on either end. At block 754, the method 750 includes procuring one or more lengths of laminated and pre-annealed magnetically permeable foil material 331 with a width that is less than a width of the supply reel bobbin 720. At block 756, the method 750 includes procuring a length of trailer film 334b (FIG. 7D). The trailer film 334b is used to protect the outer surface of the core wrap 330 from the environment after the foil 331 has been wrapped onto the concentric bobbin assembly 300, 500 in the field. The foil material 331 along with the trailer film 334b is wrapped onto the supply reel 720 with the trailer film 334b first connected to the tube of the supply reel 720. At block 758, the method 750 includes concatenating and affixing the trailer file and lengths of the magnetically permeable foil material 331. In some examples, the magnetically permeable foil material 331 may be formed by concatenating two or more foil materials 331a, 331b of different magnetically permeable material. One such reason is to maximize a magnetic flux density in the core wrap 330 for a certain amount of current on the primary conductor 202 by using a material with a higher saturation flux but a higher coercive force (e.g., Orthogonal) as the first foil after the leader film 334a and using a magnetically permeable foil with a lower saturation flux (e.g., Supermalloy) but lower coercive force as the second foil before the trailer film 334b. At block 760, the method 750 includes wrapping the concatenated foil 331 and film roll 334, by attaching the trailer film 334b to the center tube of the supply reel bobbin 720. At block 762, the method 750 includes annealing the supply reel 720 at a desired temperature and gas environment. In some examples, this is done in hydrogen gas environment with a specific temperature profile. At block 764, the method 750 includes procuring a length of leader film 334a. Finally at block 766, the method 750 includes attaching the length of the leader film 334a to the end of the foil on the supply reel 720. The leader film 334a is used to protect the inner surface of the formed foil core and to attach the foil from the supply reel 720 to the second bobbin 340, 540. The leader film 334a may contain magnets or an adhesive to affix it to the second bobbin 340, 540 when being installed in the field. As described, the width of the foil material 331, leader and trailer films 334a, 334b are selected to have a width that is less than a width of the second bobbin 340, 540. An outer diameter of the supply reel 720 is selected to minimize the stress on the core wrap 330.
(93) FIG. 7F illustrates a method 770 of installing the CT 300, 500 on a primary conductor 202 and using the foil dispenser to wrap a film 334a, 334b and foil material 331 onto the CT 300, 500. At block 772, the method 770 includes placing the CT 300, 500 (i.e., concentric bobbin assembly) on a primary conductor 202. The method includes rotating the first slit 314, 514 and second slit 344, 544 of the first and second tubes respectively until they are coincident before placing the CT 300, 500 onto the primary conductor 202. At block 774, the method 770 includes loading the supply reel 720 onto the foil dispenser 700. The foil dispenser 700 with a loaded supply reel 720 is setup such that a leader film 334s extends in the area of the CT 300, 500. At block 776, the method includes extending the leader film 334a from the supply reel 720 over the gear drive of the foil dispenser 700. The side walls of the foil dispenser 700 are extended to allow it to pass around the second bobbin 340, 540 of the CT 300, 500. At block 780, the method 770 includes sliding the foil dispenser 700 on to the CT 300, 500 interlocking the rotation preventer with the slot in the first bobbin flanges in the CT 300, 500 and interlocking the gear portion with the slot in the foil dispenser gear. At block 782, the method 770 includes retracting the side plates 710a, 710b of the foil dispenser 700 interlocking the features on the flanges with the features on the side plates 736. At block 784, the method 770 includes attaching the leader film 334a to the second tube of the second bobbin 340, 540. In some examples, magnets, adhesives, or other attachment mechanisms makes a connection to the matching adhesive or magnet on the second tube 340, 540. At block 786, the method 770 includes turning a crack or start motor to begin winding of the foil material 331 and films 334a, 334b onto the second bobbin 340, 540 of the CT 300, 500. At block 788, the method 770 includes continuing winding until all of the foil material 331a and film 334a, 334b has been wound onto the second bobbin 340, 540. At block 790, the method 770 includes disconnecting the foil dispenser 700 from the foil material 331 and films 334a, 334b. At block 792, the method includes extending the side plates 710a, 710b of the foil dispenser 700. At block 794, the method 770 includes sliding away the foil dispenser from the CT 300, 500.
(94) Referring to FIGS. 8A-8N, in some examples, the CT 800 includes a housing base 810 and a housing cover 840 (FIGS. 8E and 8F). The housing base 810 includes a housing base body 812 defining a base longitudinal axis LB extending from a front portion 810a of the housing base 810 to a back portion 810b of the housing base 810. The housing base body 812 defines a transverse plane TPB substantially perpendicular to the base longitudinal axis LB. The housing base body 812 also defines an opening 814 along the base longitudinal axis LB that is configured to receive a primary conductor 202 through the opening 814. The opening 814 defines a slot between a first wall 814a and a second wall 8114b of flanges 811a, 811b associated with each end 810a, 810b of the housing base 810. As such, the opening 814 may have a distance DOB extending from each one of the first wall 814a to the associated second wall 814b that is greater than a diameter DW of the primary conductor 202. The opening 814 defines a slot along the base longitudinal axis LB sized to receive the primary conductor 202 into the opening 814. The housing base 810 or the housing base body 812 defines a wire receptacle 815 configured to at least partially receive the primary conductor 202. As shown, the housing base body 812 has a generally circular shape, and the wire receptacle 814 has a complimentary generally circular shape. However, the shape of the housing base body 812 may be different from the shape of the wire receptacle 815. In addition, the shape of the housing base body 812 and/or the shape of the wire receptacle 815 may be any shape configured to receive the primary conductor 202.
(95) As shown, the housing base 810 includes a plurality of base conductors 820 supported by the housing base body 812. Each base conductor 820 is arranged about and radially spaced from the base longitudinal axis LB. In some examples, each base conductor 820 includes a first, second, and third conductor portions 820a, 820b, 820c. The first and second conductor portions 820a, 820b extend radially outwardly from an end of the third body conductor portion 820. In some examples, the first, second, and third conductor portions 820a, 820b, 820c form a U-Shape, where the base of the U or the third conductor portion 820c is substantially parallel to the base longitudinal axis LB. In some examples, the first and second body conductor portions 820a, 820b are perpendicular to the third conductor portion 820c. Additionally or alternatively, the first and second body conductor portions 820a, 820b, may be parallel with respect to one another or may form an angle. As described, the base conductor 820 has three portions, however, the base conductor 820 may have other shapes forming more or less portions.
(96) The CT 800 includes a core wrap 830 that includes a length of magnetically permeable material wound around the housing base body 812 along the transverse plane TP. Referring back to FIGS. 8A and 8B, in some implementations, the housing base body 812 is circular and has a housing base body diameter DCB greater than the opening diameter DOW The core wrap 830 is wound about the base body diameter DCB. The core wrap 830 collectively forms a transformer core 832 about the base longitudinal axis LB. As such, the wrapped transformer core 832 forms a continuous core for the CT 800, which prevents the problem of using the split core CT described above, preventing the distortion of the core material properties. In addition, the transformer core 832 has a core wrap inner diameter DR greater than or equal to the housing base body diameter DCIS. The transformer core 832 may include a 100-turn of a one-mil (25 micron) thick supermalloy foil 830. Other numbers of turns are possible as well. A mean magnetic path is a closed path that follows the average magnetic field line around the interior of the transformer core 832. In some examples, a two-mil gap exists between the roll layers of the foil 830 to simulate a loose roll of foil 830. Other gap thicknesses are possible as well.
(97) The CT 800 includes the housing cover 840 releasably attached to the housing base 810 to form a housing that houses the formed transformer core 832. The housing cover 840 includes a housing cover body 842 defining a cover longitudinal axis LC (shown in FIG. 8J). The housing cover 840 includes a plurality of cover conductors 850 supported by the housing cover 840. In some examples, each cover conductor 850 is arranged about and radially spaced from the cover longitudinal axis LC. In other examples, each cover conductor 850 extends along the cover longitudinal axis LC at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis LC. The cover conductors 850 may be arranged in any manner as long as when the housing cover 840 is attached to the housing base 810, the plurality of base conductors 820 align with and contact the plurality of cover conductors to form a continuous secondary winding around the transformer core 832 allowing electricity to flow through the secondary winding. In addition, when the housing cover 840 is attached to the housing base 810, the base longitudinal axis LB coincides with the cover longitudinal axis LC. At the junction of the conductors on the housing and/or the base, connectors may be added to reduce the contact resistance of the junction between the conductors on the housing cover and on the base. In some instances, the connectors may use spring connections to minimize contact resistance. In other instances, magnets may be used to align the housing and the base and reduce contact resistance. As shown, the plurality of base conductors 820 are circumferentially spaced about the base longitudinal axis LB. In addition, the cover conductors 850 are circumferentially spaced about the cover longitudinal axis LC.
(98) Referring to FIG. 8E, in some examples, the housing cover 840 includes an opening 844 having a diameter DOC greater than the housing base body diameter DCB allowing the housing cover 840 to releasably attach to the housing base 810, which together form the CT 800. The example shown may also include one or more hinges 846 that allow the housing cover 840 to increase its opening 844 when the housing cover 840 diameter DOC is less than the housing base body diameter DCB. In another example shown in FIG. 8F, the housing cover 840 includes a hinge 846 and a lock 848. The hinge 846 is configured to open the housing cover 840 allowing the housing cover 840 to releasably attach to the housing base 810. In addition, the locks 848 are configured to lock the housing cover 840 preventing the housing cover 840 from being released from the housing base body 812.
(99) In some examples, at least one of the housing base body 812 and/or the housing cover body 842 (FIG. 8F) include first and second body portions separated by a pivoting mechanism, each having first and second ends. The first end of the second body portion is pivotally coupled to the first end of the first body portion, e.g., using one or more pivoting mechanisms, such as hinges 846. The first body portion and the second body portion are moveable between an open position and a closed position. When in the open position, the second end of the first body portion is rotated away from the second end of the second body portion. When in the closed position, the second end of the first body portion contacts the second end of the second body portion. In this case, the at least one of the housing base body 812 and/or the housing may not include an opening 814, 844 since the opening occurs in the open position.
(100) FIGS. 8G and 8H illustrate a front and back view respectively of the CT 800 including the housing base body 812, the core wrap 830 forming the wrapped transformer core 832, and the housing cover 840 attached to the housing base body 812. As shown, the base conductors 820 and the cover conductors 850 form a secondary winding 860 around the transformer core 823. (See FIG. 8N)
(101) FIG. 8I illustrates a cross sectional view of the housing base 810. As shown, the housing base 810 may have first and second flanges 811a, 811b extending outwardly from a portion of the housing base 810 that extends parallel to the cover body longitudinal axis LB. In this case, the base conductor 820 includes the first, second, and third conductor portions 820a, 820b, 820c, where the first and second conductor portions 820a, 820b extend adjacent the first and second flanges 811a, 811b of the housing base 810. As such, the conductor portions 820a, 820b, 820c form a U-Shape. The housing base body 812 forms a core receptacle 816 that is configured to at least partially receive the formed magnetically permeable wrapped transformer core 832.
(102) FIG. 8J illustrates a cross sectional view of the housing cover 840 that includes a cover conductor 850 FIG. 8K illustrates a cross sectional view of the CT 800 that includes the housing base 810, the magnetically permeable wrapped transformer core 832, and the housing cover 840. Portion A shown in the figure illustrates that the base conductors 820 and the cover conductors 850 do not form a continuous loop, instead they form the second winding 860 around the transformer core 832. FIG. 8L illustrates a perspective view of the housing base 810, as shown in FIG. 8I. FIG. 8M illustrates a perspective view of the housing base 810 with the core wrap 830 forming the transformer core 832, as shown in FIG. 8J. FIG. 8N illustrates a perspective view of the housing base, the core wrap 830 forming the transformer core 832 and the housing cover 840 attached to the housing base 810 and forming the secondary windings 860 (i.e., when the cover conductors 850 connect with the cover conductors 850 forming the secondary windings 860, as shown in FIG. 8K).
(103) FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate a method 900 of installing the CT 800 on a primary conductor 202, such as, but not limited to an electrical line supported by one or more utility poles as described with respect to FIG. 2A. At block 902 the method includes disposing a housing base 810 on the primary conductor 202. The housing base 810 includes a housing base body 812 and a plurality of base conductors 820 The housing base body 812 defines a base longitudinal axis LB and an opening 814 along the base longitudinal axis LB. The primary conductor 202 is received through the opening 814. The plurality of base conductors 820 is supported by the housing base body 812. In addition, each base conductor 820 is arranged about and radially spaced from the base longitudinal axis LB.
(104) At block 904, the method 900 includes wrapping a length of magnetically permeable material 830 around the housing base body 812 along a transverse plane substantially perpendicular to the base longitudinal axis LB. The wrapped magnetically permeable material 830 collectively forms a transformer core 832 about the base longitudinal axis LB.
(105) At block 906, the method includes mating a housing cover 840 to the housing base 810 to form a housing that houses the formed transformer core 832. The housing cover 840 includes a housing cover body 842 and a plurality of cover conductors 850. The housing cover body 842 defines a cover longitudinal axis. In addition, the plurality of cover conductors 850 is supported by the housing cover body 842. Each cover conductor 850 is arranged about and radially spaced from the cover longitudinal axis. When the housing cover 840 is mated to the housing base 810, the plurality of base conductors 820 align with and contact the plurality of cover conductors 850 to form a continuous secondary winding around the transformer core 832. When the housing cover 840 is mated to the housing base 810, the base longitudinal axis coincides with the cover longitudinal axis. The plurality of base conductors 820 are circumferentially spaced about the base longitudinal axis and the plurality of cover conductors 850 are circumferentially spaced about the cover longitudinal axis. Each base conductor 820 includes a linear rod arranged substantially parallel to the base longitudinal axis. At least one base conductor 820 or cover conductor 850 defines an arcuate shape. At least one of the housing base body 812 or the housing cover body 842 defines a core receptacle 816 configured to at least partially receive the formed transformer core 832. In some examples, disposing the housing base 810 on the primary conductor 202 includes receiving the primary conductor 202 through a slot define defined along the base longitudinal axis of the housing base body 812 and into the opening 814. At least one of the housing base body 812 or the housing cover body 842 includes a first body portion having first and second ends, and a second body portion having first and second ends. The first end of the second body portion is pivotably coupled to the first end of the first body portion. The first body portion and the second body portion are moveable between an open position and a closed position. During the open position, the second end of the first body portion is rotated away from the second end of the second body portion. In the closed position, the second end of the first body portion contacts the second end of the second body portion.
(106) FIG. 10A illustrates an example graph 1000a of a flux density simulation of an example CT 300, 500, 800 having a solid supermalloy core with a certain mean magnetic path length, area and a fixed magnetizing force. FIG. 10B illustrates an example graph 1000b of a flux density simulation of an example CT 100 having a split supermalloy core with the same mean magnetic path length, area and fixed magnetizing force as in FIG. 10A. As can be seen in the figure, the CT 100 has a peak flux of 0.0015 Teslas, which is considerably lower than the CT 300, 500, 800 having a solid core shown in FIG. 10A.
(107) FIG. 11A illustrates an example graph 1100a of flux measurements of an example CT 300, 500, 800 having a 20 turn of a one-mil thick supermalloy foil material 331 that forms the magnetically permeable wrapped transformer core 332, 832. A mean magnetic path length is held constant as is the width of the coil core and the current in the primary conductor 202. The mean magnetic path is a closed path that follows the average magnetic field line around the interior of the magnetically permeable wrapped transformer core 332. As shown, a gap of two mils exists between the roll layers to simulate a loose roll of core wrap 330. As can be seen in the figure, the CT 300, 500, 800 has a peak flux of 0.25 Teslas, which is approximately equal to a CT having a solid core and shown in FIG. 10A.
(108) FIG. 11B illustrates an example graph 1100b of flux measurements of an example CT 300, 500, 800 having a 10 mil gap between the layers of the foil material 331. In addition, the mean magnetic path length is the same as in a solid core CT. As can be shown in the graph, a peal flux is 0.2 Teslas, which is slightly worse than the performance of a CT having a solid core, however, the results are better than a split core CT shown in FIG. 10B.
(109) FIGS. 12A-12D provide example graphs 1200a-1200d of Magnetic Flux Density (B) versus the Magnetic Field Strength (H) curve, i.e., the BH curve, of four CTs 300, 500, 800. The BH curve 1200a-1200d is used to select the materials for the CTs 300, 500, 800. The BH curve shows the change in the Flux density B (y-axis) of a material as the magnetic field strength (x-axis) is increased. When the magnetic field strength is increased gradually, the domains inside the material exposed to the field get aligned gradually, resulting in an increasing flux density of the material. As the magnetic field strength is increased further, the curve flattens. This means that the magnetization is complete and any further increase in the flux density is not possible. At this point, maximum positive saturation b has occurred.
(110) For example, referring to FIG. 12A, the BH curve 1200a is associated with an ideal solid core of supermalloy. FIG. 12B illustrates a BH curve 1200b of an average quality supermalloy core. FIG. 10C illustrates a BH curve 1200c of a highest precision lapped supermalloy having a split core. FIG. 10D illustrates a BH curve 1200d of the CT 300, 500 described. As can be seen, FIG. 10D provides the closed BH curve 1200d to the ideal BH curve 1200a shown in FIG. 10A.
(111) A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.
