COMPOSITE FERTILIZER CONTAINING MAGNESIUM AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE AND POLYGLUTAMIC ACID

Abstract

A composite fertilizer containing magnesium ammonium phosphate and polyglutamic acid. A weight ratio of the polyglutamic acid to the magnesium ammonium phosphate is 1:100 to 10000, preferably 1:200 to 8000. An experimental result indicates that the composite fertilizer can well regulate the growth of crops, improve the disease resistance and stress tolerance, promote the healthy effect of the crops, and increase the yield of the crops.

Claims

1. A composite fertilizer, comprising two functional components of polyglutamic acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate.

2. The composite fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the polyglutamic acid to the magnesium ammonium phosphate is 1:100 to 10000.

3. The composite fertilizer according to claim 1, further comprising one or more microbial agent components.

4. The composite fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the microbial agent is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, rhizobium, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Paecilomyces lilacinus.

5. The composite fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein a total effective viable count of microbial bacteria is greater than 20 million/gram.

6. The composite fertilizer according to claim 3, further comprising an organic matter.

7. The composite fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein a content of the organic matter is greater than 8%.

8. The composite fertilizer according to any claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is a solid composite fertilizer.

9. The composite fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the composite fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer or top dressing.

10. A method of increasing yield of crops comprising using a composite fertilizer according to claim 1 to increase the yield of the crops.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] To make the objectives, the technical solutions, and the advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] The percentages in all formulations of the following embodiments are in weight percent (converted to 100%). Various processing technologies of the composite fertilizer are the prior art, and can be changed according to different conditions.

I. Embodiments

[0045] (I) Fertilizers prepared by a processing method of a solid preparation in the present specification and fertilizer efficiency experiments thereof

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 1. Fertilizers prepared by the processing method of the solid preparation in the present specification Ingredients and contents contained Magnesium Polyglutamic ammonium Propor- Dosage Embodiment acid phosphate tioning form Embodiment 1 20 g 2 kg 1:100 Powder Embodiment 2 10 g 2 kg 1:200 Powder Embodiment 3 20 g 5 kg 1:250 Powder Embodiment 4 10 g 5 kg 1:500 Powder Embodiment 5 10 g 10 kg 1:1000 Powder Embodiment 6 10 g 15 kg 1:1500 Powder Embodiment 7 12 g 9.6 kg 1:800 Powder Embodiment 8 12 g 12 kg 1:1000 Powder Embodiment 9 10 g 20 kg 1:2000 Granules Embodiment 10 10 g 30 kg 1:3000 Granules Embodiment 11 10 g 40 kg 1:4000 Granules Embodiment 12 15 g 75 kg 1:5000 Granules Embodiment 13 18 g 108 kg 1:6000 Granules Embodiment 14 18 g 126 kg 1:7000 Granules Embodiment 15 16 g 128 kg 1:8000 Granules Embodiment 16 14.22 g 128 kg 1:9000 Granules

[0046] 2. Field Fertilizer Efficiency Experiment

[0047] (1) The solid fertilizers prepared in Embodiments 1-8 of the present invention were used to verify the growth and yield-increasing effects on tobaccos.

[0048] Variety Yunnan tobacco PV1H1452, tested in Group 2, Hetou Village, Longshan Town, Longling County, Yunnan Province, had moderate fertility, pH 5.31, organic mater 3.51%, available nitrogen 121.5 mg/kg, available phosphorus 35.18 mg/kg, available potassium 82.6 mg/kg, available zinc 1.8 mg/kg, exchangeable calcium 640 mg/kg and exchangeable magnesium 24.2 mg/kg.

[0049] Application amount: the composite fertilizer of the present invention was used in an amount of 10 kilograms per mu, the control fertilizer magnesium ammonium phosphate was used separately in an amount of 10 kilograms per mu, and the polyglutamic acid was used separately in an amount of 10 g, 50 g and 100 g per mu respectively. Other fertilizers were applied at a standard 90 kg/hm.sup.2 of pure nitrogen, m(N):m(P.sub.2O.sub.5):m(K.sub.2)=1:1:2. Randomized block design was repeated 3 times. The plot area was 40 m.sup.2 and the distance between row and hill was 1.0 m*0.4 m. Protection rows were arranged around the plot. The composite fertilizer disclosed by the present invention was applied at one time along with other base fertilizers.

[0050] The leaf color and growth of tobacco seedlings 12 days after transplantation were observed, and the leaf thickness, the number of effective leaves per plant, the weight of fresh leaves per leaf and the proportion of high-quality tobacco were observed. After each treated tobacco plant was toped, 15 representative tobacco plants were selected, and marked as observation plants, each of the tobacco plant was marked at four lower leaves, four middle leaves and four upper leaves for biological characteristic investigation, and the fresh weight of a single leaf was investigated during harvesting; the number of the effective leaves per plant was investigated before harvesting for primary curing. The marked leaves and non-marked leaves in each plot were respectively collected, baked and graded. The number of tobacco plants harvested was investigated before the primary curing and used to calculate the yield. The fresh weight was obtained immediately after the tobacco leaves were harvested, and the leaves were then hung grading tags for baking. During grading, the weight and the number of leaves of each grade of tobacco leaves were recorded in time, each of the marked leaves was graded, then bundled according to plots and sites as a sample for analysis, and then the average yield of dry tobacco leaves and the proportion of high-quality and medium quality tobacco leaves were counted. At the same time, the stress tolerance of tobacco growth (i.e., the occurrence degree of tobacco black shank) was monitored.

[0051] Leaf thickness: leaf thickness relative to normal (CK).

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Summary table of experiment data for tobacco growth promotionof embodimentsof the present invention Proportion of high-quality 12 days after 5 days Number of and medium Occurrence transplantation after topping effective Fresh leaf quality degree of Leaf Leaf Leaf leaves weight) per tobacco tobacco Embodiment color Growth color Growth Thickness per plant plant (kg) leaves (%) black shank Embodiment 1 Dark Strong Darkgreen Strong Relatively 21.2 6.3 88.5 None thick Embodiment 2 Dark Strong Darkgreen Strong Relatively 21.5 6.2 88.6 None thick Embodiment 3 Dark Strong Darkgreen Strong Relatively 22.0 6.4 89.0 None thick Embodiment 4 Dark Strong Darkgreen Strong Relatively 22.1 6.7 89.6 None thick Embodiment 5 Dark Strong Darkgreen Strong Relatively 22.4 6.5 89.2 None thick Embodiment 6 Dark Strong Darkgreen Strong Relatively 22.5 6.8 90.1 None thick Embodiment 7 Dark Strong Darkgreen Strong Relatively 23.0 6.3 88.5 None thick Embodiment 8 Dark Strong Darkgreen Strong Relatively 21.2 6.6 89.3 None thick Magnesium Shallow Relatively Lightgreen Medium Normal 20.5 5.8 86.3 Light ammonium weak phosphate Polyglutamic Shallow Relatively Yellow Relatively Relatively 20.0 5.5 85.5 Moderate acid 10 g/mu weak green weak thin Polyglutamic Shallow Relatively Yellow Relatively Relatively 20.3 5.4 85.8 Light acid50 g/mu weak green weak thin Polyglutamic Lightgreen Strong Yellow Medium Relatively 20.6 5.6 86.0 Light acid 100 g/mu green thin Normal (CK) Lightgreen Weak The leaf Weak Relatively 19.2 5.1 78.2 Severe vein is thin yellow green and the leaf is whitish

[0052] As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 2, the combined application of magnesium ammonium phosphate and polyglutamic acid can promote the growth of tobacco plants to be more strong, increase the weight per leaf of fresh tobacco, increase the number of effective leaves per plant and increase the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. Separate application of magnesium ammonium phosphate and polyglutamic acid was less effective. The polyglutamic acid and the magnesium ammonium phosphate have good synergism, the polyglutamic acid can reduce the loss of the magnesium ammonium phosphate in soil and effectively promote the absorption and conversion utilization of the magnesium ammonium phosphate by crops. When magnesium ammonium phosphate is applied alone, the tobacco plants absorb magnesium ions slowly, the utilization rate is low, the tobacco leaves are light green, and the theoretical application effect is not achieved. When polyglutamic acid is applied alone, the polyglutamic acid cannot replace magnesium, although the polyglutamic acid can promote the function of absorbing part of magnesium ions in soil of the tobacco plants, if the magnesium ions in the soil are insufficient, the tobacco plants will still be in nutrient deficiency, and therefore the tobacco leaves applied with the polyglutamic acid in the experiment are yellow green and in slight magnesium deficiency. However, the conventional control was completely labeled as magnesium deficiency of tobacco plants, the lower leaves turned from green to yellow, the edges and tips of leaves began to turn yellow and extend upward, for some tobacco plants suffering from serious magnesium deficiency, except the veins of leaves remained green and yellow green, the leaves all turned white, and the tips of leaves suffered from brown necrosis.

[0053] (2) The solid fertilizers prepared in Embodiments 9-16 of the present invention were used to verify the growth and yield-increasing effects on panaxnotoginseng.

[0054] The experiment was carried out in a panaxnotoginseng planting base in Gumu Town, Wenshan City, Yunnan Province. Soil fertility was moderate, pH 5.54, organic matter 9.42 mg/kg, available nitrogen 112.4 mg/kg, available phosphorus 14.35 mg/kg, available potassium 65.2 mg/kg, available zinc 2.1 mg/kg, exchangeable calcium 523 mg/kg, and exchangeable magnesium 15.6 mg/kg.

[0055] Application amount: the composite fertilizer of the present invention was used in an amount of 100 kilograms per mu, the control fertilizer ammonium magnesium phosphate was used separately in an amount of 100 kilograms per mu, polyglutamic acid was used separately in an amount of 15 g, 30 g and 60 g per mu respectively, other nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were not applied, and the conventional potassium fertilizer and the conventional trace element fertilizer were used in the later period. Randomized block design was repeated 3 times. The plot area was 20 m.sup.2 (4 m*5 m). The fertilizer of the present invention was evenly mixed with the conventional fertilizer and then was spread.

[0056] During the growing process of the panaxnotoginseng, the plant height and stem base diameter of the panaxnotoginseng plant were traced and measured and the leaf area was measured, and the fresh yield and weight of stem leaves and root tubers were measured after harvesting. The weight, yield-increasing rate and dry weight ratio of root tubers of panaxnotoginseng were determined after oven drying.

Yieldincreasing rate %=(harvested weight of actually treated plotharvested weight of control plot)/harvested weight of control plot*100%

Dry weight ratio (%)=dry weight/fresh weight*100%

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Summary table of experiment data for panaxnotoginseng growth promotionof embodimentsof the present invention Dry yield (kg/mu) 5 days before digging Fresh yield (kg/mu) Dry Stem base Leaf Yield- weight Plantheight diameter area Stem Root increasing ratio Embodiment (cm) (mm) (cm.sup.2) leaf Roottuber tuber rate(%) (%) Embodiment9 36.38 6.88 225.25 164.41 386.24 115.12 41.44 29.81 Embodiment10 38.05 7.21 231.37 166.52 423.98 126.08 54.91 29.74 Embodiment11 37.59 6.97 226.14 162.73 401.15 118.42 45.50 29.52 Embodiment12 36.85 7.02 229.19 168.98 405.18 121.68 49.50 30.03 Embodiment13 37.13 6.92 222.36 156.37 379.01 114.49 40.67 30.21 Embodiment14 37.02 6.87 228.05 167.29 392.17 120.84 48.47 30.81 Embodiment15 36.17 6.94 224.38 162.07 384.39 116.51 43.15 30.31 Embodiment16 36.15 6.82 221.74 160.53 380.97 112.38 38.08 29.50 Magnesium 34.23 6.61 200.15 135.59 341.84 94.29 15.85 27.58 ammonium phosphate single agent Polyglutamic 33.18 6.41 188.19 117.43 315.85 85.74 5.34 27.15 acid15 g/mu Polyglutamic 33.61 6.48 191.02 125.37 322.98 87.56 7.58 27.11 acid30 g/mu Polyglutamic 34.05 6.57 198.51 130.65 331.72 92.03 13.07 27.74 acid60 g/mu Normal (CK) 31.17 6.35 184.38 111.34 310.91 81.39 26.18

[0057] As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 3, when magnesium ammonium phosphate and polyglutamic acid were applied together, the plant height of the panaxnotoginseng plant can be increased, the stem base can be increased, and therefore the lodging resistance of the panaxnotoginseng can be improved. Meanwhile, the leaf area of the panaxnotoginsengis obviously increased by the composite fertilizer, the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, and the effect of increasing the yield is achieved. Separate application of magnesium ammonium phosphate and polyglutamic acid was less effective.

[0058] (II) Composite Fertilizers Prepared by the Processing Method of the Solid Preparation in the Present Specification and Fertilizer Efficiency Experiments Thereof

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 1. Granular composite fertilizer and composite fertilizer powderprepared by the processing method of the solid preparation in the present specification Ingredients and contents contained Bacteria and effective viable count Effective Magnesium viable Organic Polyglutamic ammonium count (in 100 matter and Dosage Embodiment acid phosphate Bacteria million/gram) content form Embodiment 17 10 2000 Bacillus subtilis 500 Humicacid, 40% Powder Embodiment 18 10 4000 Trichoderma 500 Cellulose, 40% Granules harzianum Embodiment 19 10 5000 Bacillus subtilis + 400 + 100 Protein, 40% Granules Trichoderma harzianum Embodiment 20 10 7000 Trichoderma 200 Peat, 30% Powder harzianum Embodiment 21 10 9000 Bacillus subtilis 200 Cellulose, 30% Powder Embodiment 22 10 10000 Bacillus subtilis + 130 + 70 Humic acid, 30% Powder Trichoderma harzianum Embodiment 23 10 20000 Bacillus subtilis 100 Protein, 20% Granules Embodiment 24 12 30000 Trichoderma 100 Humic acid, 20% Powder harzianum Embodiment 25 12 40000 Bacillus subtilis + 20 + 80 Cellulose, 20% Granules Trichoderma harzianum Embodiment 26 12 50000 Bacillus subtilis 50 Peat, 15% Granules Embodiment 27 12 60000 Trichoderma 50 Peat, 15% Powder harzianum Embodiment 28 12 70000 Bacillus subtilis + 40 + 10 Peat, 15% Granules Trichoderma harzianum Embodiment 29 12 80000 Trichoderma 5 Humic acid, 8% Granules harzianum Embodiment 30 12 90000 Bacillus subtilis 5 Cellulose, 8% Granules Embodiment 31 12 100000 Bacillus subtilis + 1 + 1 Protein, 8% Granules Trichoderma harzianum Embodiment 32 12 120000 Bacillus subtilis + 1 + 1 Humic acid, 8% Powder Trichoderma harzianum

[0059] 2. Field Fertilizer Efficiency Verification Experiment of the Present Invention

[0060] (1) The embodiments prepared by the present invention were used for verifying the yield-increasing experiment for lyciumbarbarum.

[0061] The experiment was carried out in an organic lyciumbarbarum planting base in Yuanzhou District, Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. PH value of the tested soil was 5.41, organic matter content was 3.13%, total nitrogen content was 0.2160, total phosphorus content was 0.16%, total potassium content was 6.52%, available nitrogen content was 47.31 mg/kg, available phosphorus content was 11.23 mg/kg, and available potassium content was 167.32 mg/kg. The tested variety of lyciumbarbarum was NINGQI No. 7, the tree was 5 years old, the distance between row and hill was 2 m, and generally, the overall tree vigor was substantially balanced.

[0062] The base fertilizer was applied with other conventional fertilizers using an annular furrow application method (i.e., an annular furrow of 70 cm wide and 60 cm deep was excavated 40 cm from the root neck of the tree). The fertilizer of the present invention was applied in an amount of 50 kg per mu. The control treatment magnesium ammonium phosphate was separately applied in an amount of 50 kilograms per mu, polyglutamic acid was separately applied in an amount of 50 g, 100 g and 200 g per mu respectively, and microbial agents of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum were separately applied in an amount of 50 kilograms (the effective viable count was greater than 2 billion/gram). Three plants were selected for each treatment, repeated three times, each plot was randomly arranged, and other field management measures were consistent. In the experiment, the marked plants were selected, hung with labels, the weight of each treatment on lyciumbarbarum hair root system (weighing after oven drying), the weight of one hundred fresh fruits were measured one by one from bottom to top, the growth of lyceumbarbarum fruits was observed, the yield per mu of the fresh fruits was measured, and the disease condition of each treatment was investigated.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Effect of the composite fertilizer prepared in the embodimentsof the present invention on growth and yield increase of lyciumbarbarum Fresh fruit harvesting Weight amount Root dry ofonehundred Yield- Leaf Plantheight mass fresh Yield increasing Polysaccharide Occurrenceof Embodiment color (cm) (g/plant) fruits (g) (kg/mu) rate (%) content (%) root rot Embodiment 17 Dark 131.3 362.3 150.6 3508.2 45.7 41.93 Not occurred green Embodiment 18 Dark 129.1 366.1 152.7 3621.7 50.4 42.17 Not occurred green Embodiment 19 Dark 130.8 358.2 148.9 3567.8 48.1 40.18 Not occurred green Embodiment 20 Dark 126.5 359.4 149.6 3507.2 45.6 41.34 Not occurred green Embodiment 21 Dark 128.8 342.9 147.8 3481.1 44.5 40.14 Not occurred green Embodiment 22 Dark 125.2 347.6 142.9 3413.5 41.7 42.07 Not occurred green Embodiment 23 Dark 126.7 339.8 138.2 3352.9 39.2 41.69 Not occurred green Embodiment 24 Dark 124.5 341.3 132.9 3241.4 34.6 40.23 Not occurred green Embodiment 25 Dark 122.4 338.5 130.8 3207.5 33.2 42.31 Not occurred green Magnesium Green 113.8 288.9 108.5 3037.4 26.1 38.57 Significantly ammonium occurred phosphate Polyglutamic Green 107.5 271.5 97.8 2736.7 13.6 37.26 Significantly acid50 g/mu occurred Polyglutamic Green 111.4 285.3 105.9 2841.1 18.0 38.19 Slightly acid 100 g/mu occurred Polyglutamic Green 115.7 298.7 109.3 2908.8 20.8 38.24 Slightly acid 200 g/mu occurred Bacillus subtilis Green 106.8 277.5 106.2 2607.0 8.2 38.08 Slightly occurred Trichoderma Green 108.3 286.5 104.2 2568.9 6.7 38.54 Slightly harzianum occurred Bacillus subtilis + Green 109.5 279.8 103.5 2797.6 16.2 38.38 Slightly Trichoderma occurred harzianum Normal (CK) Light 101.6 257.7 92.8 2408.5 36.97 Severely green occurred

[0063] As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 5, co-application of magnesium ammonium phosphate, polyglutamic acid and microbial agents can improve the growth of lyciumbarbarum plants, mainly in improving the plant height of lyciumbarbarum, increasing the number of root hairs (root dry mass) of lyciumbarbarum, facilitating the nutrient absorption and transmission of root systems, and forming a benign circular growth of lyciumbarbarum. The composite fertilizer disclosed by the present invention can increase the single seed of lyciumbarbarum, increase the yield of lyciumbarbarum, obviously improve the sugar content of lyciumbarbarum, improve the variety of lyciumbarbarum, has a good control effect on soil-borne diseases of lyciumbarbarum, and reduces the application amount of pesticides. Separate application of magnesium ammonium phosphate and polyglutamic acid was general in effect.

[0064] (2) the Embodiments Prepared by the Present Invention were Used for Verifying the Yield-Increasing Effect on Citrus

[0065] The experiment was carried out in a citrus orchard in Huashutownship, Kecheng District, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province. PH value of the tested soil was 5.7, organic matter 12.4 mg/kg, total nitrogen 2.6 mg/kg, available phosphorus 12.1 mg/kg, and available potassium 101 mg/kg. The tested crop variety was HONGMEIREN. Four treatments were arranged for the experiment and repeated three times. 5 citrus trees per plot with an area of 40 m.sup.2. The fertilizer of the present invention was applied in an amount of 6 kg/plant, the magnesium ammonium phosphate was separately applied in an amount of 6 kg/plant, the polyglutamic acid was separately applied in an amount of 0.5 g/plant, 1.0 g/plant and 1.5 g/plant respectively, and microbial agents of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum were separately applied in an amount of 6 kg/plant (the effective viable count was greater than 2 billion/gram). Except fertilization, other field management was consistent. The growth of citrus was observed, and the yield, quality and disease of citrus were determined.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Effect of the composite fertilizer prepared by the embodiments of the present invention on citrus growth and yield increase Fruit Sugar Soluble Converted Sprout diameter content solids yield Occurrence Embodiment Leaf color Treevigor heading (mm) Fruit skin (%) (%) (kg/mu) of root rot Embodiment 26 Thickening of Strong A large 78.1 Thin 14.6 12.7 4504.5 Not dark green amount skinwith occurred leaves gloss Embodiment 27 Thickening of Strong A large 77.5 Thin 14.7 12.9 4497.2 Not dark green amount skinwith occurred leaves gloss Embodiment 28 Thickening of Strong A large 78.2 Thin 15.1 12.6 4471.8 Not dark green amount skinwith occurred leaves gloss Embodiment 29 Thickening of Strong A large 77.6 Thin 14.8 12.8 4395.7 Not dark green amount skinwith occurred leaves gloss Embodiment 30 Darkgreen Strong A large 76.9 Thin 14.5 12.5 4319.5 Not amount skinwith occurred gloss Embodiment 31 Darkgreen Relatively Relatively 75.4 Thin 14.3 12.4 4267.1 Not strong more skinwith occurred gloss Embodiment 32 Dark-green Relatively Relatively 74.8 Thin 13.8 11.9 4231.9 Not strong more skinwith occurred low gloss Magnesium Green General Relatively 72.3 Thick 12.9 11.6 3815.8 Sporadically ammonium more skinwith occurred phosphate low gloss Polyglutamic Lightgreen General Less 68.4 Thick 13.2 11.4 3654.1 Sporadically acid0.5 g/mu skinwith occurred low gloss 1.0 g/mu of Lightgreen General Less 69.2 Thick 13.5 11.7 3782.5 Sporadically polyglutamic skinwith occurred acid low gloss Polyglutamic Green Relatively Relatively 70.9 Thin 13.7 11.9 3802.4 Sporadically acid1.5 strong more skinwith occurred g/mu low gloss Bacillus subtilis Green General Less 67.5 Thick 13.1 11.2 3615.5 Not skinwith occurred low gloss Trichoderma Green General Less 66.8 Thick 13.3 11.4 3576.8 Not harzianum skinwith occurred low gloss Bacillus subtilis + Green General Relatively 70.3 Thin 13.6 11.6 3758.3 Not Trichoderma more skinwith occurred harzianum gloss Normal (CK) Yellowgreen Weak Less 65.4 Thick 11.5 10.7 3586.5 Severely skinwith occurred no gloss

[0066] As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 6, the co-application of magnesium ammonium phosphate, polyglutamic acid and microbial agent can promote the growth of citrus and increase the yield and quality thereof. According to the present invention, the tree vigor of the citrus tree can be promoted to be strong, the production is high, the leaf color is dark green, the number of sprout heading is increased, the number of high-quality fruits is increased, the color and luster are good, the skin is thin and glossy, the tree vigor of the citrus tree is strong, the number of headed young sprouts is great and the young sprouts are strong, the quality of the citrus can be greatly improved, and meanwhile the occurrence of soil-borne diseases can be reduced.