Abstract
A pivoting unit for a tracking apparatus for solar modules, comprising at least one cross member pivotable about a pivot axis, at least one drive arch, which is connected to the at least one cross member and has a plurality of drive recesses and a plurality of retaining recesses, and at least one rotatably mounted drive unit, the rotatably mounted drive unit being designed such that it engages in at least one of the drive recesses of the drive arch in order to pivot the at least one cross member. The drive unit is designed in such a way that it engages in at least one of the retaining recesses in order to hold the cross member in a pivoted position.
Claims
1. Pivoting unit (10) for a tracking apparatus (NV) for solar modules (20), comprising: at least one cross member (22) pivotable about a pivot axis (S), at least one drive arch (24) connected to the at least one cross member (22), which comprises a plurality of drive recesses (42) and a plurality of retaining recesses (44), and at least one rotatably mounted drive device (38), the at least one drive device (38) being designed such that it engages in at least one of the drive recesses (42) of the drive arch (24) for pivoting the at least one cross member (22), and wherein the at least one drive device (38) is designed such that it engages in at least one of the retaining recesses (44) in order to hold the cross member (22) in a pivot position.
2. Pivoting unit (10) according to claim 1, wherein the drive device (38) comprises at least one eccentrically arranged drive element (74) which engages in at least one of the drive recesses (42) of the drive arch (24) for pivoting the at least one cross member (22).
3. Pivoting unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pivoting unit (10) comprises at least one support element (26) for connecting the pivoting unit (10) to at least one post (12) which is anchored or can be anchored in or on the ground (U), the at least one cross member (22) being pivotally connected about the pivot axis (S) to the at least one support element (26).
4. Pivoting unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one drive device (38) is designed such that it forms an axial and/or radial guide for the at least one drive arch (24).
5. Pivoting unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pivoting unit (10) comprises at least one guide device (76) which guides the drive arch (24) in the radial direction.
6. Pivoting unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one drive device (38) comprises at least one retaining element (94) which engages in at least one of the retaining recesses (44) of the drive arch (24) for holding the at least one cross member (22).
7. Pivoting unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one drive element (74) and/or the at least one retaining element (94) extend essentially parallel to the axis of rotation (D) of the drive device (38).
8. Pivoting unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one drive device (38) comprises at least one coupling section (66, 68) for coupling the drive device (38) to a drive of a tracking system (NV) and/or to a further pivoting unit (10).
9. Pivoting unit (10) according to claim 8, wherein the at least one coupling section (66, 68) is designed to compensate for angular misalignments and/or to compensate for tolerances in the direction of the pivot axis (S).
10. Pivoting unit (10) according to one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the at least one drive device (38) comprises at least one connecting element (90, 92) which connects the at least one coupling element (62, 64) to the at least one drive element (74) and the at least one retaining element (94).
11. Pivoting unit (10) according to claim 10, wherein the at least one drive device (38) comprises two connecting elements (90, 92) which are designed for axially guiding the drive arch (24).
12. Pivoting unit (10) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the at least one drive element (74) and/or the at least one retaining element (94) extend between the two connecting elements (90, 92).
13. Pivoting unit (10) according to one of claims 3 to 12, wherein the pivoting unit (10) comprises at least one fastening element (34, 36, 120, 122) for attaching the at least one drive device (38) to the at least one support element (26) or the at least one post (12), the at least one drive device (38) being rotatably mounted on the at least one fastening element (34, 36, 120, 122).
14. Pivoting unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one drive element (74) is oval, lenticular, elliptical or circular in cross-section.
15. Pivoting unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one drive device (38) extends at least in sections through the at least one support element (26).
16. Pivoting unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one drive device (38) is arranged within at least one support element (26), or wherein the at least one drive device (38) is arranged between at least two support elements (26.sub.1, 26.sub.2).
17. Pivoting unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one drive shaft (14) or a corresponding adapter is designed to compensate for angular misalignments and/or to compensate for tolerances in the direction of the pivot axis (S).
18. Tracking apparatus (NV) for solar modules (20) comprising at least one pivoting unit (10) according to one of claims 1 to 17, which is arranged on at least one post (12) which is anchored or can be anchored in or on the ground (U).
19. Tracking apparatus (NV) according to claim 18, wherein the at least one pivoting unit (10) is coupled to at least one further pivoting unit (10) and/or a drive via at least one drive shaft (14).
20. Tracking apparatus (NV) according to claim 19, wherein the pivoting unit (10) is coupled to the at least one drive shaft (14) via the at least one coupling section (62, 64) of the at least one drive device (38).
21. Tracking apparatus (NV) according to one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the at least one drive device (38) is coupled to the at least one drive shaft (14) via at least one adapter.
22. Tracking apparatus (NV) according to one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the at least one support element (26) and/or the at least one post (12) comprise at least one connecting section (12.sub.4, 32) via which the at least one support element (26) and the at least one post (12) are connected to one another.
23. Tracking apparatus (NV) according to claim 22, wherein the at least one connecting section (12.sub.4, 32) of the at least one support element (26) and/or the at least one post (12) is formed to compensate for a misalignment in the direction of the pivot axis (S) and/or to compensate for a misalignment transverse to the pivot axis (S).
24. Assembly method for a tracking apparatus (NV) comprising at least one pivoting unit (10) according to one of claims 1 to 17, comprising the steps of: preassembling the pivoting unit (10) according to one of claims 1 to 17 and connecting the preassembled pivoting unit (10) to posts (12) which are anchored or can be anchored in or on the ground (U).
25. Assembly method of claim 24, further comprising the steps of: connecting support rails (16, 18) and/or support frames to the at least one pivoting unit (10), connecting at least one solar module (20) to the support rails (16, 18) and/or support frame.
26. Assembly method of claim 24 or 25, further comprising at least one of the steps of: connecting the at least one pivoting unit (10) to a drive, and/or connecting the at least one pivoting unit (10) to another pivoting unit (10) via at least one drive shaft (14).
Description
[0043] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the attached figures. They represent:
[0044] FIGS. 1 and 2 perspective views of a tracking system for solar modules according to an embodiment;
[0045] FIGS. 3 to 7 different views of a pivoting unit according to a first embodiment;
[0046] FIG. 8 an exploded view of the pivoting unit shown in FIGS. 3 to 7;
[0047] FIG. 9 an enlarged view of the section marked IX in FIG. 8;
[0048] FIG. 10 a further exploded view of the pivoting unit shown in FIGS. 3 to 9;
[0049] FIG. 11 an enlarged view of the section marked XI in FIG. 10;
[0050] FIGS. 12 to 14 different views of a drive arch of the pivoting unit shown in FIGS. 3 to 11;
[0051] FIGS. 15 to 17 different views of a drive device of the pivoting unit shown in FIGS. 3 to 11;
[0052] FIGS. 18 to 22 different views of a pivoting unit according to a second embodiment of the invention;
[0053] FIG. 23 an exploded view of the pivoting unit shown in FIGS. 18 to 22;
[0054] FIG. 24 an enlarged view of the detail marked in FIG. 23 with XXIV;
[0055] FIG. 25 a further exploded view of the pivoting unit shown in FIGS. 18 to 23;
[0056] FIG. 26 an enlarged view of the detail marked in FIG. 25 with XXVI;
[0057] FIGS. 27 to 33 different views of a drive device of the pivoting unit shown in FIGS. 18 to 26;
[0058] FIGS. 34 to 37 perspective views of a pivoting unit according to a third embodiment of the invention in the state of being attached to a post;
[0059] FIGS. 38 to 41 different side views of the pivoting unit according to the third embodiment of the invention in the state of being attached to a post; and
[0060] FIG. 42 a perspective view of the drive device according to the third embodiment of the invention.
[0061] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a tracking apparatus for solar modules. The tracking apparatus is generally designated with NV. The tracking apparatus NV comprises a plurality of pivoting units 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.5. Each of the pivoting units 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.5 is connected to a post 12 anchored in the ground U. The pivoting units 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.5 are interconnected via the drive shafts 14. The drive shafts 14 are driven by a motor M disposed in FIG. 1 on the pivoting unit 10.sub.5. In this way, several pivoting units 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.5 can be driven with a single drive. The pivoting units 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.5 are also connected to one another via support rails 16 and 18, to which solar modules 20 can be attached with the aid of fastening elements. To align the solar modules 20 with the sun, the pivoting units 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.5 are driven via the drive shafts 14, as a result of which the pivoting units 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.5 can pivot the solar modules 20 attached to them.
[0062] FIG. 2 shows a further perspective view of the tracking apparatus NV, in which the solar modules 20 and the pivoting unit 10.sub.5 arranged on a post 12 and the posts 12 of the further pivoting units 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.4 are shown. Solar modules 20 with different shapes, sizes, orientations and also solar modules 20 of different types of construction can be attached to the tracking apparatus NV, as illustrated in FIG. 2 by the differently represented solar modules 20.sub.1 and 20.sub.2.
[0063] FIGS. 3 to 5 show different perspective views of a pivoting unit 10 according to a first embodiment. The pivoting unit 10 comprises a cross member 22, a drive arch 24 attached to the cross member 22 and a support member 26.
[0064] The cross member 22 and the support member 26 are pivotally connected to each other. A pivot axis S extends through the cross member 22 and the support element 26. The pivot axis S extends through the pivot point SP formed at the connection point between the cross member 22 and the support element 26.
[0065] The drive arch 24 is connected to the cross member 22 via fastening means 28 such as screws or bolts. At the ends of the cross member 22, connecting elements 30 can be seen.
[0066] The cross member 22 can be connected to the support rails 16 and 18 shown in FIG. 1 via the connecting elements 30.
[0067] The support element 26 can be connected with its end 32 opposite the pivot axis S to a post 12 which can be anchored in or on the ground (see FIG. 1). Fastening elements 34 and 36 are also attached to the end 32 of the support element 26. The drive device 38 is connected to the support element 26 via the fastening elements 34 and 36. The drive device 38 serves to pivot into a new pivot position and to hold the drive arch 24 in a set position. The drive arch can be pivoted gradually. For this purpose, the drive device 38 engages with a drive contour 40 on the drive arch 24. The drive contour 40 is formed on the outside of the drive arch 24 in the radial direction.
[0068] FIGS. 6 and 7 show two views of the pivoting unit 10 from opposite viewing directions. FIGS. 6 and 7 show the cross member 22, the drive arch 24 and the support member 26. In the starting position and/or the mounting position of the pivoting unit 10, i.e., the cross member 22 has not been pivoted relative to the support element 26 about the pivot point SP, the support element 26 extends perpendicular to the cross member 22. The pivot point SP is formed in the middle of the cross member 22. At the ends of the cross member 22, the connecting elements 30 are shown, which serve to connect the cross member 22 to the support rails 16 and 18 (see FIG. 1).
[0069] At the end 32 of the support element 26, which is opposite the pivot point SP, the fastening elements 34 and 36 are connected to the support element 26. The drive device 38 is rotatably mounted on the fastening elements 34 and 36. The fastening elements 34 and 36 hold the drive device 38 on the support element 26. The drive device 38 is in engagement with the drive contour 40 on the drive arch 24. The drive contour 40 comprises two different types of recesses. The drive contour 40 comprises drive recesses 42 and retaining recesses 44 which are arranged alternately in the direction of the circumference of the drive arch 24. When the drive device 38 engages in the drive recesses 42, the drive arch 24 and the cross member 22 connected to it are moved. If the drive device 38 engages in the retaining recesses 44, the drive arch 24 and the cross member 22 connected to it can be held in its set position. The drive device 38 can also change its position in engagement with one of the retaining recesses 44 in order to be able to engage in the next drive recess 42. No torsional load is transmitted to the drive shaft 14. The drive contour 40 and the drive device 38 will be discussed in more detail later in this description.
[0070] FIG. 8 shows an exploded perspective view of the pivoting unit 10. In FIG. 8, the cross member 22, the drive arch 24, the support member 26, the drive device 38 and the two fastening elements 34 and 36 are shown.
[0071] FIG. 9 shows an enlarged view of the detail marked IX in FIG. 8. FIG. 9 shows the end 32 of the support element 26, the two fastening elements 34 and 36 and a section of the drive arch 24.
[0072] The fastening elements 34 and 36 each comprise two fastening sections 46 and 48. The fastening sections 46 and 48 are angled to the main body of the fastening elements 34 and 36. Each fastening section 46 and 48 has an opening 50, 52. The openings 50, 52 can only be seen in FIG. 9 on the fastening element 36. With these fastening sections 46 and 48, the fastening elements 34 and 36 are connected to the support element 26.
[0073] The fastening elements 34 and 36 each comprise a bearing opening 54 and 56 in which the drive device 38 can be stored. Bearing bushes 58 and 60 are provided for mounting the drive device 38 in the openings 54 and 56 and are received in the openings 54 and 56. The drive device 38 comprises two coupling elements 62 and 64. The coupling elements 62 and 64 are rod-shaped. The coupling elements 62 and 64 can be received in sections in the openings 54, 56 and/or in the bearing bushes 58, 60 arranged in the openings 54, 56. The coupling elements 62 and 64 each comprise a coupling section 66, 68 and a bearing section 70. The coupling sections 66 and 68 are provided with a cross section which is suitable for coupling to a drive shaft 14 (see FIG. 1). The drive section 72 of the drive device 38, in which the drive element 74 is provided, is formed between the coupling elements 62 and 64. The drive element 74 engages in the drive contour 40 of the drive arch 24. In the drive section 72, a retaining element is provided, which is not shown in FIG. 9. The retaining element will be discussed in detail later in this description.
[0074] The pivoting unit 10 comprises a guide element 76, which forms a guide device for the radial guidance of the drive arch 24. The drive arch 24 can be supported in the radial direction on the guide element 76. The guide element 76 thus prevents the drive arch 24 from being released from engagement with the drive device 38 in the radial direction. The guide element 76 is mounted on a spacer and/or bearing element 78. The bearing element 78 is arranged on a screw which extends between the fastening elements 34 and 36. The drive arch 24 runs between the two fastening elements 34 and 36. The fasteners 34 and 36 are connected to each other by screws. In order to establish and maintain a predetermined distance between the two fastening elements 34 and 36, the spacers 78 are provided, through which the screws extend.
[0075] FIG. 10 shows an exploded perspective view of the pivoting unit 10. FIG. 10 shows the cross member 22, the drive arch 24, the support member 26, the drive device 38 and the two fastening elements 34 and 36.
[0076] FIG. 11 shows an enlarged view of the detail marked XI in FIG. 10. FIG. 11 shows the drive device 38, which is in engagement with the drive contour 40 of the drive arch 24, the fastening elements 34 and 36 and the end 32 of the support element 26.
[0077] The drive device 38 comprises two coupling elements 62 and 64, which extend from the drive section 72 in the opposite direction. The bearing sections 70 of the coupling elements 62 and 64 adjoin the drive section 72 in the direction of the axis of rotation D. Coupling sections 66 and 68, with their cross section designed for coupling to a drive shaft 14, follow bearing sections 70 in the direction of axis of rotation D. In the assembled state of the pivoting unit 10, the coupling elements 62 and 64 extend through the openings 54 and 56 and through the bearing bushes 58 and 60 arranged in the openings 54 and 56.
[0078] FIGS. 12 to 14 show different views of the drive arch 24. The drive arch 24 is composed of two partial arcs 80 and 82, which are connected to an arcuate base element 84. The partial arcs 80 and 82 can be welded to the base element 84, as can be seen from the weld seams 86 shown. Viewed in cross section, the drive arch 24 has an essentially T-shaped cross section through the base element 84. Starting from this base element 84, the partial arcs 80, 82 extend in the radial direction. The partial arcs 80, 82 each comprise two openings 88, via which the drive arch 24 can be connected to the cross member 22.
[0079] The drive contour 40 comprises drive recesses 42 and retaining recesses 44. The drive recesses 42 and the retaining recesses 44 are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction of the drive arch 24. The drive recesses 42 are radial incisions in the drive arch 24. The drive recesses 42 can also be referred to as slot-shaped. The sections of the drive arch 24 formed between the drive recesses 42 and/or the incisions are provided with retaining recesses 44. The retaining recesses 44 are curved and/or arched. The retaining recesses 44 are essentially semicircular. The drive recesses 42 extend further into the drive arch 24 in the radial direction than the retaining recesses 44.
[0080] FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of the drive device 38. The drive device 38 is rotatable about the axis of rotation D, which corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the drive device 38. The drive device 38 comprises a drive section 72 and two coupling elements 62 and 64. The coupling elements 62 and 64 each have a bearing section 70 and a coupling section 66 and 68. The coupling sections 66 and 68 have a cross section which is suitable for coupling to a drive shaft 14 (see FIG. 1). This cross section is formed by flattening 66.sub.1, 66.sub.2 and 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2 in the area of the coupling sections 66 and 68. The coupling sections 66 and 68 can be received, for example, in a drive shaft 14 with a recess which is complementary to the cross section of the coupling sections 66 and 68. Starting from the drive section 72, the coupling elements 62 and 64 extend in the opposite direction.
[0081] In addition to the drive element 74, the drive section 72 comprises two connecting elements 90 and 92 which connect the coupling elements 62 and 64 to the drive element 74. The connecting elements 90 and 92 can be formed in one piece with the coupling elements 62 and 64. The connecting elements 90 and 92 are cam-shaped. The drive section 72 also comprises a retaining element 94. The drive element 74 and the retaining element 94 extend between the two connecting elements 90 and 92. The retaining element 94 is formed in the shape of a semi-circle and arranged coaxially with the coupling elements 62 and 64. The drive element 74 is arranged eccentrically. The longitudinal axis M of the drive element 74 extends parallel but offset in the radial direction to the axis of rotation D of the drive device 38. The drive element 74 can be rod-shaped. The drive element 74 is received in openings 96 in the connecting elements 90 and 92.
[0082] FIG. 16 shows a front view of the drive device 38. The bearing sections 70 of the coupling elements 62 and 64 have a circular cross section. At the transition between the bearing sections 70 and the coupling sections 66 and 68 with their flats 66.sub.1, 66.sub.2 and 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, a step can be seen. The drive element 74 and the retaining element 94 extend between the two connecting elements 90 and 92. The drive element 74 is arranged eccentrically. The drive element 74 extends offset in the radial direction parallel to the axis of rotation D. A free space 98 can be seen between the drive element 74 and the retaining element 94. The retaining element 94 has a semicircular outer contour, the outer surface of which in this embodiment extends on the same radius as the outer peripheral surfaces of the bearing sections 70 of the coupling elements 62 and 64 about the axis of rotation D of the drive device 38.
[0083] FIG. 17 shows a side view of the drive device 38, in which the coupling element 64, the connecting element 92 and the drive element 74 are shown. The connecting element 92 is cam-shaped. An opening 96 is formed in the connecting element 92, in which the drive element 74 is received.
[0084] FIGS. 18 to 33 described below show a pivoting unit 10 according to a second embodiment. The same reference numerals as in the first embodiment are used for features or components being similar or having an equivalent effect. To avoid repetitions, the differences between the two embodiments are described in detail below. Components and features that have already been described in detail with regard to the first embodiment are not described again in detail. The description of these components and features also applies analogously to the second embodiment.
[0085] FIGS. 18 to 22 show different views of a pivoting unit 10 according to the second embodiment. The pivoting unit 10 comprises a cross member 22, a drive arch 24 attached to the cross member 22 and a support member 26. The drive arch 24 is connected to the cross member 22 via fastening means 28. At the ends of the cross member 22 connecting elements 30 are attached, via which the cross member 22 can be connected to the support rails 16 and 18 (FIG. 1).
[0086] In contrast to the first embodiment, the support element 26 according to the second embodiment does not have a C-shaped cross section, but is rectangular in cross section. A pivot axis S extends through the pivot point SP formed at the connection point between the cross member 22 and the support element 26.
[0087] Furthermore, it can already be seen in FIGS. 18 to 22 that the drive device 38 according to the second embodiment differs from the drive device of the first embodiment. The drive device 38 and in particular the differences between the latter and the drive device according to the first embodiment will be discussed in detail in the further course of the description.
[0088] FIG. 23 shows an exploded perspective view of the pivoting unit 10. FIG. 23 shows the cross member 22, the drive arch 24, the support element 26, the drive device 38 and the two fastening elements 34 and 36.
[0089] FIG. 24 shows an enlarged view of the detail identified by XXIV in FIG. 23. FIG. 24 shows the end 32 of the support element 26, the two fastening elements 34 and 36 and a section of the drive arch 24.
[0090] The drive device 38 comprises two coupling elements 62 and 64. The coupling elements 62 and 64 each comprise a coupling section 66, 68 and a bearing section 70, only the bearing section 70 being recognizable on the coupling element 64 in FIG. 24. The coupling sections 66 and 68 comprise projections 66.sub.1, 66.sub.2, 66.sub.3, 66.sub.4 and 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, 68.sub.3, 68.sub.4 extending in the radial direction, via which the drive device 38 can be coupled with a correspondingly designed drive shaft 14 (see FIG. 1), wherein 66.sub.3 and 66.sub.4 are not visible in FIG. 24. The coupling sections 66 and 68 are each connected to the bearing sections 70 via a rod-shaped section 100. The drive section 72 of the drive device 38 is provided between the coupling elements 62 and 64, in which the drive element 74 and the retaining element 94 are formed.
[0091] The drive element 74 and the retaining element 94 alternately engage in the drive contour 40 of the drive arch 24.
[0092] FIG. 25 shows a further perspective exploded view of the pivoting unit 10. In FIG. 25, the cross member 22, the drive arch 24, the support member 26, the drive device 38 and the two fastening elements 34 and 36 are shown.
[0093] FIG. 26 shows an enlarged view of the detail marked XXVI in FIG. 25. FIG. 26 shows the drive device 38, which is in engagement with the drive contour 40 of the drive arch 24, the fastening elements 34 and 36 and the end 32 of the support element 26.
[0094] The drive device 38 comprises two coupling elements 62 and 64, which extend from the drive section 72 in the opposite direction. The bearing sections 70 of the coupling elements 62 and 64 adjoin the drive section 72 in the direction of the axis of rotation D. The bearing sections 70 are followed in the direction of the axis of rotation D by the connecting sections 100 which connect the bearing sections 70 to the coupling sections 66 and 68. The coupling sections 66 and 68 form the termination of the drive device 38 in the axial direction. In the assembled state of the pivoting unit 10, the coupling elements 62 and 64 extend through the openings 54 and 56 and through the bearing bushes 58 and 60 arranged in the openings 54 and 56.
[0095] FIG. 27 shows a perspective view of the drive device 38. The drive device 38 is rotatable about the axis of rotation D, which corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the drive device 38. The drive device 38 comprises a drive section 72 and two coupling elements 62 and 64. The coupling elements 62 and 64 each have a bearing section 70 and a coupling section 66 and 68. The coupling sections 66 and 68 are connected to the bearing sections 70 via the connecting sections 100. The coupling sections 66 and 68 comprise the projections 66.sub.1, 66.sub.2, 66.sub.3, 66.sub.4 and 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, 68.sub.3, 68.sub.4 projecting in the radial direction. The coupling sections 66 and 68 with their projections 66.sub.1, 66.sub.2, 66.sub.3, 66.sub.4 and 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, 68.sub.3, 68.sub.4 with a drive shaft 14 (see FIG. 1) are coupled to transmit torque. The coupling sections 66 and 68 and a section of the drive shaft 14 (see FIG. 1) can be designed to be complementary. The coupling sections 66 and 68 and the corresponding portion of a drive shaft 14 can be complementary so that they can be engaged with each other. The coupling sections 66 and 68 and/or the section of the drive shaft 14 can be designed in such a way that assembly-related distance tolerances between adjacent pivoting units 10 and/or posts 12 arranged next to one another are compensated to a limited extent. For example, the coupling elements 66 and 68 and the drive shaft can be designed in such a way that they are in engagement with one another in the direction of the pivot axis to allow a displacement relative to one another in order to be able to compensate for the tolerances mentioned.
[0096] The drive section 72 comprises two connecting elements 90 and 92. The connecting elements 90 and 92 can be formed in one piece with the coupling elements 62 and 64 and/or the drive element 74 and/or the retaining element 94. The connecting elements 90 and 92 are disk-shaped.
[0097] FIG. 28 shows a front view of the drive device 38. The drive element 74 and the retaining element 94 extend between the disk-shaped connecting elements 90 and 92. The connecting element 74 is arranged eccentrically. The retaining element 94 comprises a semicircular outer contour. The drive device 38 is rotatable about the axis of rotation D. The axis of rotation D extends through the center point of the semicircular outer contour of the retaining element 94. A free space 98 can be seen between the drive element 74 and the retaining element 94. The retaining element 94 is designed in cross section in the form of a circular sector with a semicircular outer contour (hereinafter referred to as semicircular sector shape) and is arranged coaxially with the coupling elements 62 and 64. The drive element 74 is arranged eccentrically. The longitudinal axis M of the drive element 74 extends parallel but offset in the radial direction to the axis of rotation D of the drive device 38.
[0098] The coupling sections 66 and 68 comprise the projections 66.sub.1, 66.sub.2, 66.sub.3, 66.sub.4 and 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, 68.sub.3 which projects in the radial direction, 68.sub.4, which can couple the drive device 38 to a drive shaft 14 (see FIG. 1) in a torque-transmitting manner. The projections 66.sub.4 and 68.sub.4 are not shown in FIG. 28 (see FIG. 27). The explanations below also apply analogously to the projections 66.sub.4 and 68.sub.4, which are not shown in FIG. 28. The projections 66.sub.1, 66.sub.2, 66.sub.3 and 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, 68.sub.3 are spherical to compensate for angular misalignments between the drive device 38 and the drive shaft 14. For this purpose, the projections 66.sub.1, 66.sub.2, 66.sub.3 and 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, 68.sub.3 comprise a curved radial outer surface 102. The outer surface 102 is curved in the direction of the axis of rotation D. The curvature is illustrated by the line LS1 shown in FIG. 28 which extends parallel to the axis of rotation D. Furthermore, the projections 66.sub.1, 66.sub.2, 66.sub.3 and 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, 68.sub.3 comprise side surfaces 10.sub.4 which are curved and extend in the radial direction. The side surfaces 10.sub.4 extend in the radial direction between the outer surface 102 and the foot 106 of the respective projection 66.sub.1, 66.sub.2, 66.sub.3 and 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, 68.sub.3. For reasons of clarity, the foot 106 of the projections 66.sub.1, 66.sub.2, 66.sub.3 and 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, 68.sub.3 is only provided with a reference symbol in FIG. 28 for the projections 66.sub.1 and 68.sub.1. The side surface 10.sub.4 is curved in the direction of the axis of rotation D, as indicated by the line LS2 shown on one of the side surfaces 10.sub.4 in FIG. 28. The line LS2 extends parallel to the axis of rotation D. Due to the curvature of the radial outer surfaces 102 and the curved side surfaces 10.sub.4 of the projections 66.sub.1, 66.sub.2, 66.sub.3, 66.sub.4 and 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, 68.sub.3, 68.sub.4, angular misalignments between the drive device 38 and the drive shaft 14 can be compensated for.
[0099] FIG. 29 shows a side view of the drive device 38, in which the coupling element 64, its coupling section 68 and the connecting element 92 are shown. The connecting element 92 is disk-shaped. The coupling section 68 comprises the projections 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, 68.sub.3, 68.sub.4 projecting in the radial direction. The projections 68.sub.1, 68.sub.2, 68.sub.3, 68.sub.4 are offset by 90 to each other.
[0100] FIG. 30 corresponds to the front view of the drive device 38 according to FIG. 28, with the difference that the section line XXXI-XXXI is shown. FIG. 31 shows a sectional view along the section line XXXI-XXXI in FIG. 30. FIG. 31 shows the disk-shaped connecting element 92, the drive element 74 and the retaining element 94. The retaining element 94 is semicircular in cross-section.
[0101] The drive element 74 comprises a cross section that deviates from a circular cross section and is arched at least in sections. The cross section of the drive element 74 is reduced in the radial direction with respect to the axis of rotation D compared to a circular cross section. The cross section of the drive element 74 can be described as oval or elliptical. As indicated in FIGS. 31 and 32, the cross section of the drive element 74 has four vertices S.sub.1, S.sub.2, S.sub.3 and S.sub.4. Between the vertices S.sub.1 and S.sub.2, the drive element 74 has its greatest extent in a direction transverse to the radial direction. In other words, the distance between the vertices S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 defines the greatest extent of the drive element 74. The vertices S.sub.3 and S.sub.4 are aligned in the radial direction. The distance between the vertices S.sub.3 and S.sub.4 is smaller than the distance between the vertices S.sub.1 and S.sub.2. The smaller distance between the vertices S.sub.3 and S.sub.4 lying in alignment in the radial direction makes it clear that the cross section of the drive element 74 is reduced in the radial direction.
[0102] Due to the reduced cross section of the drive element 74 in the radial direction, the engagement of the drive element 74 in one of the drive recesses 42 can be ensured, so that the function of the pivoting unit 10 can be ensured permanently. With the cross section of the drive element 74 being reduced in the radial direction, the drive element 74 can engage securely in the corresponding drive recess 42 even when the radial distance between the drive device 38 and the drive arch has increased. In particular, tolerance fluctuations within the pivoting unit 10 can be compensated for. Should the radial distance between the drive device 38 and the drive arch 24 increase due to tolerance fluctuations and/or elastic deformation, the oval cross section of the drive element 74 enables the drive element 74 to engage securely in the drive contour 40 of the drive arch 24 even in this case.
[0103] Furthermore, the distance between the opposite flanks of the drive recesses 42 (see for example FIGS. 24 and 26) can increase in the radial direction. The drive recesses 42 expand in the radial direction. This also ensures the safe threading and/or the secure engagement of the drive element 74 in one of the drive recesses 42 even with an increased radial distance between the drive device 38 and that of the drive arch 24.
[0104] FIG. 32 corresponds to FIG. 31, the section line XXXIII-XXXIII being shown in FIG. 32.
[0105] FIG. 33 shows a sectional view along the section line XXXIII-XXXIII in FIG. 32. The drive section 72 comprises two connecting elements 90 and 92. The connecting elements 90 and 92, the drive element 74 and the retaining element 94 can be formed in one piece. The drive element 74 and the retaining element 94 extend between the disk-shaped connecting elements 90 and 92. The drive element 74 is arranged offset in the radial direction to the retaining element 94, so that the free space 98 is formed.
[0106] FIGS. 34 to 42 described below show a pivoting unit 10 according to a third embodiment. The same reference numerals as in the first two embodiments are used for features or components being similar or having an equivalent effect. To avoid repetitions, the differences between the third embodiment and the previous embodiments are described in detail below. Components and features that have already been described in detail with respect to the first and/or the second embodiment are not described again in detail. The description of these components and features also applies analogously to the third embodiment.
[0107] FIG. 34 shows a perspective view of a pivoting unit 10 according to a third embodiment in the state of being attached to a post 12. The pivoting unit 10 comprises a cross member 22, a drive arch 24 attached to it and two support members 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2. The drive device 38 is only recognizable in outlines in FIG. 34. The pivoting unit 10 is connected to the post 12 via the support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2. The ends 32 of the support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2 form a connecting section via which the support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2 are connected to one another and to the post 12. The posts 12 according to this embodiment have an H-shaped cross section. The support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2 are supported on the post 12 by means of spacers which cannot be seen in FIG. 34.
[0108] FIG. 35 shows a further perspective view of a pivoting unit 10 according to a third embodiment in the state of being attached to a post 12. The essential difference from the illustration according to FIG. 34 can be seen in the cross section of the post 12. According to FIG. 35, the post has a C-shaped cross section and does not have a H-shaped cross section like the post 12 according to FIG. 34. The support element 26.sub.2 is supported on the post 12 via a spacer 108. The support element 26.sub.1 abuts to the post 12. As mentioned, spacers are also provided in FIG. 34, which are arranged on both sides of the post 12 and are of the same size. These spacers are not shown in FIG. 34.
[0109] FIG. 36 shows an enlarged perspective view of the pivoting unit 10, the support element 26.sub.1 having been hidden. The H-shaped cross section of the post 12 can be clearly seen in FIG. 36. The H-shaped cross section of the post 12 is composed of a cross leg 12.sub.1 and two side legs 12.sub.2 and 12.sub.3, which are connected to one another via the cross leg 12.sub.1. A spacer 110 rests on the cross leg 12.sub.1 on both sides. The spacers 110, the support element 26.sub.2 and also the support element 26.sub.1, not shown in FIG. 36, are connected to the post 12 via connecting elements 112 and 114. For this purpose, the cross leg 12.sub.1 of the post 12 comprises a plurality of openings 116, which are recognizable in outlines in FIG. 36 above the spacer 110. The openings 116 are formed in an end section 12.sub.4 of the post 12, which is used for connection to the pivoting unit 10. The end section 12.sub.4 forms a connecting section for connecting the post 12 to the support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2.
[0110] The cross member 22 comprises a U-shaped or hat-shaped cross section. The drive arch 24 is fastened to the cross leg of the U-shape. The drive arch 24 comprises the drive contour 40. The drive contour 40 is composed of a plurality of drive recesses 42 and a plurality of retaining recesses 44 which are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction of the drive arch 24. The drive device 38 engages with the drive contour 40 of the drive arch 24 via its drive section 72.
[0111] The coupling section 66 of the coupling element 62 can be seen in FIG. 36. The coupling section 66 comprises a recess 66.sub.5, which has a hexagonal cross section. The same applies to the coupling section 68 of the coupling element 64, which, however, is not shown in FIG. 36 (see FIG. 42). The drive arch 24 can be supported on the guide element 76 in the radial direction via its base element 84. The guide element 76 is designed in the form of a radial stop with a circular cross section.
[0112] FIG. 37 shows an enlarged section of a side view, in which, in addition to the support element 26.sub.1, the spacer 110 has also been hidden. In FIG. 37, the openings 116 and 118 on the cross leg 12.sub.1 of the post 12 can be seen. The openings 116 and 118 are formed in an end section 12.sub.4 of the post 12, which is used for connection to the pivoting unit 10. The end section 12.sub.4 forms a connecting section for connection to the support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2. The end section 12.sub.4 of the post 12 is connected to the end 32 forming a connecting section (not shown in FIG. 37, see FIGS. 34 and 35) of the support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2. For reasons of clarity, only three openings 116 and/or 118 are designated. The openings 116 and 118 are offset from one another in the vertical direction. The connecting elements 112 and 114 shown in FIG. 36 can be inserted into one or more of the openings 116, 118 in order to create a connection between the support elements 26.sub.1 (not shown in FIG. 37) and 26.sub.2, the spacers 110 (not shown in FIG. 37) and the post 12. A number of openings 116, 118 are available for establishing the connection between the post 12 and the support elements 26.sub.1 (not shown) and 26.sub.2. By suitable selection of the openings 116, 118, which are to be used to establish a connection between the support elements 26.sub.1 (not shown in FIG. 37) and 26.sub.2 and the post 12, offsets in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be compensated for. Such offsets can occur, in particular, when a pivoting unit 10 is connected to a further pivoting unit (see FIG. 1) or a drive with assembly tolerances and unevenness in the terrain, or when adjacent posts or pivoting units are not in alignment.
[0113] FIG. 37 also shows the coupling section 66 of the coupling element 62. The coupling section 66 comprises a recess 66.sub.5, which has a hexagonal cross section. An adapter or directly a drive shaft (see FIG. 1) with a section or projection with a hexagonal cross section can be inserted into the recess 66.sub.5 of the coupling section 66 and drive the drive device 38. The same applies to the coupling section 68 of the coupling element 64 not shown in FIG. 37 (see FIG. 42).
[0114] FIG. 38 shows a section of a side view of the pivoting unit 10 in the state of being attached to a post 12. The post 12 has an H-shaped cross section. The drive device 38 extends between the two support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2. The support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2 each comprise a bearing point 120 and 122, on which the drive device 38 is mounted with its bearing sections not shown in FIG. 38. The bearing points 120 and 122 are designed in the form of bearing flanges which are connected to the support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2. The bearing flanges and/or the bearing points 120 and 122 receive the bearing sections (not shown) of the drive device 38 in sections. The bearings 120 and 122 can comprise plain bearings.
[0115] FIG. 39 shows an enlarged section of the view according to FIG. 38. The drive device 38 is mounted with its bearing sections, not shown in FIG. 39, in the bearing points 120, 12.sub.2 on the support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2. The drive arch 24 likewise runs between the two support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2. The drive arch 24 can be supported via its base section 84 on the guide element 76, which is designed in the form of a radial stop with a circular cross section. In particular, the drive contour 40 of the drive arch 24 runs between the two connecting elements 90 and 92 of the drive device 38. The drive element 74 and the retaining element 94, which cannot be seen in FIG. 39, also extend between the connecting elements 90 and 92. The retaining element 94, which cannot be seen in FIG. 39, is in the position of the drive device 38 shown in FIG. 39 in engagement with the drive contour 40 and in particular in engagement with a retaining recess 44 (see FIG. 37). In FIGS. 38 and 39, the post 12 is located essentially in the middle between the two support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2.
[0116] FIG. 40 shows a section of a side view of the pivoting unit 10 in the state of being attached to the post 12. In contrast to FIGS. 38 and 39, the post 12 here has a C-shaped cross section. The support element 26.sub.2 is supported on the post 12 via a spacer 108, the side leg 12.sub.3 of the C-shaped post 12 being recognizable in FIG. 40. The end 32 (not recognizable) of the support element 26.sub.1 is received in the C-profile of the post 12 and, like the support element 26.sub.2, is connected to the end section 12.sub.4 of the post 12.
[0117] FIG. 41 shows an enlarged section of the view according to FIG. 40. The support element 26.sub.2 is supported on the post 12 via the spacer 108. The support element 26.sub.1, the spacer 108 and the support element 26.sub.2 are connected to one another and to the post 12 by means of connecting elements (not shown in FIG. 41).
[0118] Furthermore, FIG. 41 shows the bearing points 120 and 122 provided on the support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2, at which the drive device 38 is mounted. The drive unit 38 extends between the support elements 26.sub.1 and 26.sub.2 and is accommodated with its bearing sections (not shown) in the bearing projections 120, 12.sub.2.
[0119] FIG. 42 shows a perspective view of the drive device 38. The drive device 38 comprises coupling elements 62 and 64, between which a drive section 72 is arranged. The connecting elements 90 and 92 connect the coupling elements 62 and 64 to the drive element 74 and the retaining element 94. The drive element 74 and the retaining element 94 extend between the connecting elements 90 and 92 and are spaced apart from one another by the free space 98.
[0120] The coupling elements 62 and 64 each comprise a bearing section 70 with which the drive device 38 can be received in the bearing points 120 and 122 (see FIGS. 38 to 41). The coupling section 66 can be seen on the coupling element 62 radially inward of the bearing sections 70. The coupling section 66 comprises a recess 66.sub.5. The recess 66.sub.5 has a hexagonal cross section. A hexagonal projection of a drive shaft 14, an adapter or a drive can be inserted into the coupling section 66 in order to couple the drive device 38 to a drive in a torque-transmitting manner (see FIGS. 1 and 2). The coupling element 64 also comprises such a coupling section 68 with a recess, which, however, is not shown in FIG. 42.
[0121] The function of the pivoting unit 10 is explained below. The pivoting unit 10 can be driven via a drive shaft 14 shown in FIG. 1 or a drive. For this purpose, the drive shaft 14 can be coupled to the drive device 38 via one of the coupling elements 62 or 64 in a torque-transmitting manner. The drive device 38 is mounted rotatably about the axis of rotation D (see FIGS. 9, 11, 15, 16, 24, 26 to 28, 31, 32 and 42) in the fastening elements 34 and 36 and/or in the bearing points 120 and 122. The axis of rotation D of the drive device 38 extends essentially parallel to the pivot axis S. A drive shaft 14 connected to the drive device 38 can also extend essentially parallel to the pivot axis S.
[0122] The drive torque transmitted to the drive device 38 via one of the coupling elements 62 and 64 sets the drive device 38 in rotation. The drive element 74 thereby rotates on a circular path with a predetermined radial distance about the axis of rotation D. The drive device 38 is coupled via its drive element 74 to the drive arch 24 in a torque-transmitting manner, so that the drive arch 24 may be gradually pivoted about the pivot axis S by a rotary movement of the drive device 38 about the axis of rotation D. The drive element 74 can engage in one of the drive recesses 42 through the rotary movement carried out by the drive device 38, take the drive arch 24 with it and leave the corresponding drive recess 42. In this way, an adjustment step about the pivot axis S is carried out and the drive arch 24 with the cross member 22 attached to it is transferred into a new pivot position. Between the engagement in the drive recess 42 and the leaving of the drive recess 42, the drive element 74 presses against a flank of the drive recess 42. As a result, a torque is transmitted to the drive arch 24 so that the adjustment step of the drive arch 24 and the cross member 22 about the pivot axis S is carried out.
[0123] Due to the movement of the drive element 74 and the drive arch 24, the retaining element 94 of the drive device 38 engages with a retaining recess 44. The retaining element 94 engages in a retaining recess 44 adjacent to the drive recess 42, which has just left the drive element 74. The retaining element 94 can rotate in the corresponding retaining recess 44.
[0124] The retaining element 94 engages with a first section of its cross section in the retaining recess 44, this section increasing continuously due to the rotary movement of the drive device 38 with the retaining element 94. The engagement of the retaining element 94 in the retaining recess 44 prevents rotation and/or pivoting of the cross member 22 and the drive arch 24 attached to it about the pivot axis S. The drive device 38 and the drive arch 24 are thus in a locked position. If the drive device 38 is driven further in this state, the retaining element 94 leaves the retaining recess 44 again and releases the drive arch 24 for an adjustment step initiated by the drive element 74.
[0125] The retaining element 94, when it is in engagement with a retaining recess 44, can prevent a relative rotation between the drive arch 24 and the cross member 22 connected thereto and the respective support element 26, 26.sub.1, 26.sub.2 in the state of being attached to at least one post 12. As soon as the retaining element 94 also engages with a (partial) section in a retaining recess 44, rotation of the drive arch 24 about the pivot axis S is prevented, i.e., a complete inclusion of the cross section of the retaining element 94 in a retaining recess 44 is not required in order to prevent rotation of the drive arch 24. Due to the alternating arrangement of the drive recesses 42 and the retaining recess 44, an adjustment step of the drive arch 24 initiated by the drive element 74 or a holding step can alternately be carried out in which the drive arch 24 can be held in a blocking position via the retaining element 94. The retaining element 94 can prevent an undesired adjustment of the pivoting unit 10 about the pivot axis S without a torsional moment being transmitted to the drive shaft 14 and/or the drive.
[0126] However, if the drive arch 24 and the cross member 22 connected to it are to be pivoted further, the drive device 38 is driven further until the drive element 74 engages in the next drive recess 42 and a further adjustment step is carried out. If the drive arch 24 and the cross member 22 connected to it are to be locked in the set position, the drive device 38 is stopped in the locked position. In this position, the retaining element 94 is at least partially engaged with a retaining recess 44.
[0127] The connecting elements 90 and 92 form a guide for the drive arch 24 in the direction of the axis of rotation D and/or the pivot axis S, which extend parallel to one another. For this purpose, the connecting elements 90 and 92 enclose the drive arch 24 between them. Because of the connecting elements 90 and 92, the drive arch 24 cannot bypass the drive element 74 and also not the retaining element 94 in the axial direction. The drive arch 24 is thus held in engagement with the drive element 74 and the retaining element 94 by the connecting elements 90 and 92. The structure of the pivoting unit 10 can be considerably simplified by the guide function provided by the connecting elements 90 and 92.
[0128] The pivoting unit 10 can also considerably simplify the assembly of a tracking apparatus NV. The pivoting unit 10 can be preassembled. The preassembled pivoting unit 10 can then be connected as an independent unit to posts 12 already anchored in the floor. The posts 12 are connected to the end 32 of the respective support element 26, 26.sub.1, 26.sub.2. This completes the assembly of the pivoting unit 10 on the post 12. If several pivoting units 10 (see FIG. 1) are to be provided, these pivoting units 10 are brought into alignment with one another in accordance with the pivot axis S and connected to one another via the drive shafts 14 and the frame elements and/or support rails 16 and 18. Each coupling element 62 and 64 of the drive device 38 can be connected via a drive shaft 14 to a further pivoting unit 10 or a drive and/or motor. The ends of the drive shafts 14 and/or corresponding adapters and/or the coupling elements of the drive device 38 are configured such that both misalignments between the drive device 38 and the drive shaft 14 and distance tolerances between the drive device 38 in the direction of the pivot axis S can be compensated for.
