Multi-Column Continuous Resin Regeneration System

Abstract

A continuous resin regeneration system includes a process by which resin in need of being recharged is continuously recharged and cleaned with a plurality of two-set filtration columns so that resin regeneration and the flow of influent is continuous and interrupted. Downstream filtration columns also undergo this cycling but at slower and related rates as the first column with the dirtiest water will naturally degrade resin faster than the downstream columns. Contaminated influent is cleaned by the continuously recharged resin in multiple column sets. The degree of cleaning of earlier filtration columns affects the resin flow rate of later filtration columns.

Claims

1. A continuous resin regeneration system for use in cleaning a water stream from a contaminated water reservoir, comprising: a first anion resin set having a first anion column and a second anion column in fluid communication with the first anion column, said first anion column and said second anion column of said first anion resin set including an anion resin; a first cation resin set having a first cation column and a second cation column in fluid communication with the first cation column, said first cation column and said second cation column of said first cation resin set including a cation resin; a first set control valve in fluid communication with the water reservoir, with said first anion column of said first anion resin set, and with said second anion column of said first anion resin set; a second set control valve in fluid communication with the water reservoir, said first cation column of said first cation resin set, and with said second cation column of said first cation resin set; and a controller in data communication with said first set control valve, said controller configured to determine if said anion resin associated with said first anion column of said first anion resin set is greater than a predetermined parameter and, if so, to actuate said first set control valve to direct the water stream into said first anion column of said first anion resin set and, if not, to direct the water stream into said second anion column of said first anion resin set.

2. The continuous resin regeneration system as in claim 1, wherein said controller is in data communication with said second set control valve, said controller configured to determine if said cation resin associated with said first cation column of said first cation resin set is greater than a predetermined parameter and, if so, to actuate said second set control valve to direct the water stream into said first cation column of said first cation resin set and, if not, to direct the water stream into said second cation column of said first cation resin set.

3. The continuous resin regeneration system as in claim 1, wherein said controller is configured to actuate said first anion column of said first anion column set into a regeneration mode when said anion resin associated with said first anion column of said first anion resin set is not greater than a predetermined parameter and the water stream is directed into said second anion column of said first anion resin set.

4. The continuous resin regeneration system as in claim 3, wherein said controller is configured to: actuate said first anion column of said first anion column set to dewater such that any remnant of the water stream is returned to the contaminated water reservoir; and pump a regeneration fluid from an anion regeneration tank into said first anion column of said first anion column set.

5. The continuous resin regeneration system as in claim 1, wherein said controller is configured to actuate said first cation column of said first anion column set into a regeneration mode when said cation resin associated with said first cation column of said first cation resin set is not greater than a predetermined parameter and the water stream is directed into said second cation column of said first cation resin set.

6. The continuous resin regeneration system as in claim 5, wherein said controller is configured to: actuate said first cation column of said first cation column set to dewater such that any remnant of the water stream is returned to the contaminated water reservoir; pump a regeneration fluid from a cation regeneration tank into said first cation column of said first cation column set.

7. The continuous resin regeneration system as in claim 4, wherein said regeneration fluid from said anion regeneration tank is configured to completely cover the anion resin associated with first anion column of said first anion column set when said first anion column is in said regeneration mode and said anion regeneration fluid is pumped into said first anion column.

8. The continuous resin regeneration system as in claim 6, wherein said regeneration fluid from said cation regeneration tank is configured to completely cover the cation resin associated with said first cation column of said first cation column set when said first cation column is in said regeneration mode and said cation regeneration fluid is pumped into said first cation column.

9. The continuous resin regeneration system as in claim 6, further comprising instrumentation having a plurality of sensors in data communication with said controller and in fluid communication with the water stream, said plurality of sensors being operable to generate analytic data indicative of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), and flow rate of the water stream.

10. The continuous resin regeneration system as in claim 9, wherein said controller is configured to utilize said analytic data generated by said plurality of sensors to determine if said anion resin associated with said first anion column needs to be regenerated.

11. A method for continuously regenerating resin in cleaning a water stream from a contaminated water reservoir, comprising: positioning a first anion resin inside a first anion resin set having a first anion column and a second anion column in fluid communication with said first anion column; positioning a first cation resin inside a first cation column and a second cation column in fluid communication with said first cation column determining if said anion resin associated with said first anion column of said first anion resin set is associated with a functionality that is greater than a predetermined parameter and, if so, directing the water stream into said first anion column of said first anion resin set and, if not, directing the water stream into said second anion column of said first anion resin set.

12. The method as in claim 11, further comprising determining if said cation resin associated with said first cation column of said first cation resin set is associated with a functionality greater than a predetermined parameter and, if so, directing the water stream into said first cation column of said first cation resin set and, if not, directing the water stream into said second cation column of said first cation resin set.

13. The method as in claim 11 further comprising actuating said first anion column of said first anion column set into a regeneration mode when said functionality of said anion resin associated with said first anion column of said first anion resin set is not greater than a predetermined parameter and directing the water stream into said second anion column of said first anion resin set.

14. The method as in claim 13, further comprising: when said first anion column is in said regeneration mode, dewatering said first anion column of said first anion column set such that any remnant of the water stream is returned to the contaminated water reservoir; and directing a regeneration fluid from an anion regeneration tank into said first anion column of said first anion column set when said first anion column is in said regeneration mode.

15. The method as in claim 13 further comprising actuating said first cation column of said first cation column set into a regeneration mode when said functionality of said cation resin associated with said first cation column of said first cation resin set is not greater than a predetermined parameter and directing the water stream into said second cation column of said first anion resin set.

16. The method as in claim 15, further comprising: when said first cation column is in said regeneration mode, dewatering said first cation column of said first anion column set such that any remnant of the water stream is returned to the contaminated water reservoir; and directing a regeneration fluid from a cation regeneration tank into said first cation column of said first cation column set when said first cation column is in said regeneration mode.

17. The method as in claim 14, wherein said regeneration fluid from said anion regeneration tank is configured to completely cover the anion resin associated with first anion column of said first anion column set when said first anion column is in said regeneration mode and said anion regeneration fluid is pumped into said first anion column.

18. The method as in claim 16, wherein said regeneration fluid from said cation regeneration tank is configured to completely cover the cation resin associated with said first cation column of said first cation column set when said first cation column is in said regeneration mode and said cation regeneration fluid is pumped into said first cation column.

19. The method as in claim 11, further comprising generate analytic data indicative of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), and flow rate of the water stream using instrumentation having a plurality of sensors in data communication with said controller and in fluid communication with the water stream.

20. The method as in claim 19, further comprising utilizing said analytic data generated by said plurality of sensors to determine if said anion resin associated with said first anion column needs to be regenerated.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] FIG. 1 is a front view of the resin regeneration sets coupled together with piping according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the resin regeneration system as in claim 1;

[0021] FIG. 3 is an isolated enlarged view of a respective casing of a resin column taken from the system as in FIG. 2; and

[0022] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the invention according to the present invention according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0023] A continuous resin regeneration system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings. The continuous resin regeneration system 10 includes a first anion column set 20, a first cation column set 30, a second anion column set 25, and a second cation column set 35. It is understood that each column set includes at least two filtration columns and, in some applications, more than two.

[0024] For clarity of terminology in the present application, the first anion column set 20 includes a first anion column 22 notated in the drawings as A.sup.1a and a second anion column 24 notated in the drawings as A.sup.1b. Similarly, the first cation column set 30 includes the first cation column 32 notated in the drawings as C.sup.1a and a second cation column 34 notated in the drawings as C.sup.1b. Then, the second anion column set 25 includes a first anion column 26 notated in the drawings as A.sup.2a and a second anion column 28 notated in the drawings as A.sup.2b. Similarly, the second cation column set 35 includes a first cation column 36 notated in the drawings as C.sup.2a and a second cation column 38 notated in the drawings as C.sup.2b. Each anion column includes an anion resin within an interior area defined thereby and each cation column includes a cation resin within an interior area defined thereby.

[0025] For context, raw untreated water akin to sewage may flow into a water filtration system referred to as a Reverse Flow System (RFS) and the resultant water stream held in an RFS effluent tank 12 (also referred to as a settling tank). It is understood that the influent may be evaluated by the presence of sensors and other instrumentation for generating data relative to total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total sustained solids (TDS), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), or the like. Various predetermined values regarding a filtration process may be derived from these measurements as will be described later. It is from this effluent tank 12 (also referred to as a settling tank) that a water stream (aka a waste stream) flows into the resin regeneration system 10 described herein. It is understood that the effluent tank 12 and the anion columns referred to herein are in fluid communication together with piping and to which column the water stream is permitted to flow is regulated by one of a plurality of 3-way valves (referred to as a valve or a control valve). In other words, a first control valve 40 is positioned in or in communication with respective piping intermediate the effluent tank 12 and the first anion column set 20. The incoming water stream from the effluent tank 12 is then permitted to flow (such as via a pump 60) into a water inlet of either the first anion column 22 or a water stream inlet of the second anion column 24 of the first anion column set 20, depending on which has appropriately charged resin by which to filter or clean the incoming flow. In like manner, a second control valve 42 may be positioned in or in communication with respective piping intermediate the first anion column set 20 and the first cation column set 30 and so on with a third control valve 44, fourth control valve 46, and so on if more column sets are used.

[0026] Decisions regarding which column of a column set to direct the water stream is determined by instrumentation 18 associated with respective columns such as sensors being in communication with the column set itself (and its columns), adjacent piping, or the like. For instance, the charge or other measure of the efficacy of resin filling a respective column may be measured and compared with a predetermined value (i.e. determined by a user before actuating the system). Then, if a measured value of a first respective column is below the predetermined value, then the respective control valve may be actuated to direct the stream into the second respective column. This may be referred to as determining the functionality or suitability (or the ability) of the existing resin to clean the water stream. It will be understood that the instrumentation associated with each column may be in data communication, whether with wires or wirelessly, to a master controller 14 (also referred to as a control system) such as a remote computing system, software application, or other computing device such that decisions and appropriate actuations of respective 3-way valves may be fast and seemingly automatic so as to make the filtration system run continuously. The master controller 14 may have a processor and a memory having programming executable by the processor so as to effectuate the system 10 described herein. And, of course, the plurality of sensors may be in fluid communication with the water stream itselfso as to read them.

[0027] The resins discussed in this specification are ion-exchange resins. Ion-exchange resins are widely used in purification and decontamination processes such as in water purification systems. A resin may include an insoluble matrix of beads or microbeads. Preferably, the first resin discussed below is a weak cation resin composition and the second resin is a weak base anion resin. The concept of a resin regeneration system includes a reversible chemical reaction wherein an ion from a liquid stream is exchanged for a similarly situated ion attached to an immobile solid particle. The ion exchange process effectively removes sodium, arsenic, heavy metals, nitrate, radium, salts, boron, uranium, gases and other elements found in produced water.

[0028] It is observed that the first anion column set 20 includes both a first anion column 22 containing an anion resin and a second anion column 24 containing an anion resin. In actual construction, the first anion column 22 may include a first casing 21 having a continuous side wall enclosed by top and bottom walls that collectively define a first interior area. The first anion column 22 may include a first inlet 23, preferably in operable communication with the top wall, for receiving a water stream into the first interior area. It is understood that an anion resin already positioned inside the interior area and in fluid communication with the instrumentation 18 that will determine if the first anion column 22 will be utilized. It is understood that the first resin will be degraded or degenerated as the first resin cleans a contaminated water stream flowing through the first anion column 22. It will be understood that each of the other columns also include a casing, inlet, and outlets; however, only the first casing 21 is numbered for clarity and simplicity.

[0029] In an instance where a water stream from the effluent tank 12 was passed through the first anion column 22 as described above, then the processed water stream proceeds to the first cation column set 30 as will be described later. However, if the instrumentation evaluating resin life determined the anion resin in the first anion column was insufficient (i.e. below a predetermined level), the respective valve is actuated to direct the stream to the second anion column 24 and, by so doing, gives the anion resin in the first anion column 22 opportunity to be recharged. In the meantime, the water stream is directed into and through the second anion column 24 which also includes charged anion resin to filter or clean the water stream. The second anion column 24 associated with the first anion column set 20 may include a casing (unnumbered) having a construction substantially similar to that described above. In an instance where a water stream from the effluent tank 12 was passed through the second anion column 24 associated with the first anion column set 20 as described above, then the processed water stream proceeds to the first cation column set 30 as will be described below.

[0030] Following processing through either the first anion column 22 or second anion column 24 associated with the first anion column set 20, the processed water stream is piped to the first cation column set 30 illustrated in the drawings at C.sup.1a. In a similar manner as that described above, instrumentation will determine if the cation resin situated in the first cation column 32 meets a predetermined threshold parameter and, if so, the second control valve 42 is actuated to permit the processed water stream into the first cation column 36 associated with the second cation column set 35. Otherwise, the third control valve 44 is actuated to permit the processed water stream into the second cation column 38 associated with the second cation column set 35. Operation of each cation column is substantially similar to the operation of the anion columns described above except that the water stream is passing across or being cleaned by cation particles rather than anion particles. Also, it is understood that each cation column may also include a casing (unnumbered) having walls that, together, may form an interior space. When processing through the first cation column set 30 is complete, the further processed effluent water stream is permitted to flow downstream to the third control valve 44 regulating the second anion column set 25, (which includes a first anion column 26 (shown as A.sup.2a) and a second anion column 28 (notated as A.sup.2b). Each of the columns associated with the second anion column set 25 function in a manner substantially similar to that of the first anion column set 20 and, therefore, will not be described again here. Further still, when processing through the second anion column set 25 is complete, the further processed effluent water stream is permitted to flow downstream to the fourth control valve 46 regulating the second cation column set 35, (which includes a first cation column 36 (shown as C.sup.2a) and a second cation column 38 (notated as C.sup.2b).

[0031] Although a total of four column sets are shown in the accompanying drawings, it is understood that in some embodiments, additional anion column sets and additional cation column sets may be utilized as may be appropriate for a given application. Or, as here, the processed effluent may be delivered to another effluent tank or pipeline as may be desired.

[0032] In another aspect, various analytical data may be collected by instrumentation positioned adjacent respective valves into each column set. More particularly, instrumentation 18 may be positioned and in data communication with the controller 14 operative communication with the piping of effluent between the effluent tank 12 and the first anion column set 20, between the first anion column set 20 and first cation column set 30, between the first cation column set 30 and second anion column set 25, and between the second anion column set 25 and second cation column set 35. The results from these intermediate readings may cause adjustments to various parameters relative to downstream resins, flow rates, and the like. Specific analytic data may include measurements concerning ph, TDS, TSS, ORP, flow rate, and the like.

[0033] Now, with further description of the regeneration process, when resin within a column requires regeneration, this regeneration takes place within the same column. Specifically, when a column's ph, ORP, and TDS exceed a user defined amount, the control system is configured to automatically actuate a respective 3-way valve to direct the water stream into the other column of a column set and prepare the one with spent resin for regeneration. The regeneration of the resin occurs automatically and under the control of the control system. In fact, the control system may place the column in need of regeneration into a regeneration mode and begin the process. Resin regeneration begins with a dewatering of the column being regenerated, i.e. any water still in said column is pumped back to the settling tank 12. Then, an appropriate regeneration solution is pumped into the column being regenerated, such as from an anion regeneration solution tank 16 (a.k.a. anion reconditioning tank) or cation regeneration solution tank 17, (a.k.a. cation reconditioning tank) respectively, via piping and with respective operations of valves by the control system. The reconditioning solution may include approximately 6% solution of acid. (In the case of reconditioning the resin in the cation columns sets 30 and 35 (i.e. the second and fourth columns), the reconditioning solution may be drawn from the cation reconditioning tank 17 and may include a solution having a basic pH.) The appropriate solution is pumped into a respective column until the resin is completely covered. Once the column is full, it is agitated such as by the distributor plates, stirrers, or ultrasonics for at least six minutes. The control system is configured to monitor the pH and ORP. Once, the defined parameters are met for a user-defined period of time, the column is ready to be put back online but not until the other column within the set finishes processing the waste stream as described above. Specifically, the regenerated column may again be dewatered and the regeneration solution is pumped back to the appropriate tank 16, 18, respectively. In a related aspect a column includes a vent to the atmosphere and the control system is configured to actuate this vent to an open configuration during a resin regeneration process.

[0034] It will be understood that the regeneration process is the same as it applies to the cation column sets described herein. Further, it is understood that the second anion columns and second cation columns will also need to regenerate their resins, respectively, in the same manners as that of the first anion column specifically described above. Accordingly, claims directed to regeneration of resin within a first anion column 32 should be interpreted to include, alternatively, regeneration of a second anion column 34 or a respective cation column or the like.

[0035] Further, the present invention evaluates the success or efficiency with which the contaminated water stream is being cleaned. In other words, a final set 50 of analytics data may be measured after the waste stream has passed through all of the column sets described above. The final set of data may include pH, TDS, TSS, ORP, salinity, and flow rate data.

[0036] In use, a continuous resin regeneration system 10 includes a process by which cation and anion resin is placed into a plurality of resin filtration columns over which a stream of impure or corrupted water is passed so as to undergo cleaning by ion exchanges, respectively. Each filtration column includes a two-casing set connected by a three-way valve and operable to be taken offline for resin recharging and online for continuous resin regeneration as described above. Resin recharging takes place within the column in need of recharging while the other column within the same set continuous processing a waste stream.

[0037] It is understood that while certain forms of this invention have been illustrated and described, it is not limited thereto except insofar as such limitations are included in the following claims and allowable functional equivalents thereof.