DOSING PUMP SYSTEM

Abstract

A compact, modular dosing pump system that is capable of microdose and macrodose volume flow rates, reduces or eliminates the need for additional flow control components such as temperature and pressure sensors, and utilizes a wider operational flow range than existing systems while maintaining the level of accuracy and precision exhibited by conventional dosing pump systems is provided. The dosing pump utilizes a a control system to deliver a range of fluid volumes. The control system monitors the motor emf voltage, calculates the flow rate, and makes adjustments to the pump motor voltage to precisely maintain the desired flowrate.

Claims

1. A pump system comprising: a fluid pump having an pump input and a pump output in fluid communication with a fluid flow circuit wherein said flow circuit comprises: an inlet port; an inlet flow channel providing fluid communication from the inlet port to the pump input; an output flow channel in fluid communication with the pump output; a bypass flow orifice; a bypass loop valve, wherein the output flow channel provides a fluid path from the pump output to the bypass loop valve and the bypass loop valve is disposed downstream from the bypass flow orifice; a return channel disposed downstream from the bypass loop valve, wherein the return channel is connected to the inlet flow channel and forms a fluid pathway between the bypass loop valve and the inlet flow channel; an outlet branch connected to the output flow channel upstream from the bypass flow orifice; an outlet flow orifice; an outlet branch valve, wherein the outlet branch provides a fluid pathway from the pump output to the outlet branch valve and the outlet branch valve is disposed downstream from the outlet flow orifice; and an outlet port disposed downstream from the outlet branch valve.

2. The pump system of claim 1 wherein, the outlet flow orifice is connected to the outlet branch valve.

3. The pump system of claim 1 wherein, the bypass flow orifice is connected to the bypass loop valve.

4. The pump system of claim 1 further comprising: an exhaust channel disposed between the outlet branch valve and the outlet port so as to form a fluid pathway from the outlet branch valve to the outlet port; wherein there exists no fluid pathway between the exhaust channel and the pump input.

5. The pump system of claim 1 comprising: only a single fluid pathway between the pump output and the inlet flow channel.

6. The pump system of claim 5 wherein, the single fluid pathway between the pump output and the inlet flow channel consist of: the output flow channel; the bypass flow orifice being disposed downstream from the pump output; the bypass loop valve being disposed downstream from the bypass flow orifice; and the return channel being disposed downstream from the bypass loop valve and connecting the bypass loop valve to the inlet flow channel.

7. The pump system of claim 1 wherein, the return channel includes only a single inlet at the bypass loop valve and a single outlet that is connected to the inlet flow channel.

8. The pump system of claim 1 wherein, the exhaust channel includes a secondary exhaust orifice.

9. The pump system of claim 8 wherein, the secondary exhaust orifice comprises an adjustable valve.

10. The pump system of claim 1 wherein, the output flow channel, bypass flow orifice, bypass loop valve, outlet branch, outlet flow orifice, outlet branch valve, and a first portion of the inlet flow channel are formed in a first manifold body; the return channel, exhaust channel, and a second portion of the inlet flow channel are formed in a second manifold body; and wherein the first manifold body and second manifold body are connected such that the first portion of the inlet flow channel and the second portion of the inlet flow channel align, the return channel and the bypass loop valve align, and the exhaust channel and outlet branch valve align.

11. The pump system of claim 1 wherein the bypass loop orifice and outlet flow orifice are differently sized.

12. The pump system of claim 11 wherein the outlet flow orifice is larger than the bypass loop orifice.

13. The pump system of claim 1 wherein fluid is allowed to flow into the inlet flow channel only from the inlet port and from the return channel and wherein all fluid flowing through the return channel flows first through the bypass loop orifice and then through the bypass loop valve.

14. The pump system of claim 1 wherein the bypass loop valve and the outlet branch valve are each check valves.

15. The pump system of claim 14 wherein the bypass loop valve has a cracking pressure that is greater than a cracking pressure of the outlet branch valve.

16. The pump system of claim 1 further comprising a fluid flow sensor adapted to sense the fluid flow within the inlet flow channel.

17. The pump system of claim 16 wherein the fluid flow sensor is positioned so as to sense the fluid flow that occurs in the inlet flow channel between the pump input and the connection point of the return channel and the inlet flow channel.

18. A pump system consisting of: a fluid pump having a pump input and a pump output; an inlet flow channel connected to the pump input; an output flow channel connected to the pump output; a bypass loop valve having a bypass flow orifice in fluid communication with the output flow channel such that the bypass flow orifice is disposed between the pump output and the bypass loop valve; a return channel connected only to the bypass loop valve and the inlet flow channel and forming a single fluid pathway therebetween; an outlet branch connected to the output flow channel wherein the connection location of the outlet branch the output flow channel is between the pump output and the bypass flow orifice; an outlet branch valve having an outlet branch orifice in fluid communication with the outlet branch such that the outlet branch orifice is disposed between the pump output and the outlet branch valve.

19. The pump system of claim 14 wherein the bypass loop valve and the outlet branch valve are each check valves.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the dosing pump system.

[0015] FIG. 2 is a schematic of an embodiment of the flow circuit.

[0016] FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the orifice selector.

[0017] FIG. 4 is a schematic of the control system.

[0018] FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the dosing pump system.

[0019] FIG. 6 is a schematic of an alternate embodiment of the flow circuit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0020] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the drawings below. In the drawings, like numbers are used to refer to like elements. The construction of the dosing pump is comprised of two primary subsystems: a fluid pump and a flow circuit. A controller, which may be, and preferably is, a microprocessor based control system, may also be utilized to provide closed loop feedback control of the dosing pump system. The pump, flow circuit, and control system are assembled into a compact, modular dosing pump system. The dosing pump system includes a fluid inlet port to couple to a fluid source and a fluid outlet port to discharge the fluid; no flow control devices are required external to the dosing pump system.

[0021] Referring to FIG. 1, the fluid pump 1 is assembled to, and in fluid communication with, the flow circuit, generally identified as 2. The fluid pump 1 provides a pressure differential to move fluid through the system. The flow circuit 2 routes fluid in though a circuit fluid inlet port 3, through a network of flow passages of the flow circuit 2, and discharges fluid at a circuit fluid outlet port 4. The flow circuit 2 contains internal flow control features too, which may control the flow characteristics of the system.

[0022] Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the two main features of the flow circuit 2 may be seen. The first is the flow bypass loop where fluid flow enters from inlet port 3 into an input flow channel 5 and then flows to the pump input 6 of fluid pump 1. The fluid then travels out of fluid pump 1 through pump output 7 and into output flow channel 8. The fluid then reaches a junction 9 in the flow circuit 2 at which point some of the fluid is diverted along an outlet branch flow channel 10 while the remaining fluid continues through output flow channel 8 to flow orifice 11a and through a bypass loop valve 12a. After passing through bypass loop valve 12a, the fluid flows through return channel 13 and is routed back to junction point 14 where it joins incoming fluid and is routed back through flow circuit 2.

[0023] As stated above, some of the fluid is diverted at junction 9. The diverted fluid flows from junction 9 along outlet branch flow channel 10 and then through a flow orifice 11b. The fluid then flows through an outlet branch valve 12b through exhaust channel 15 and out of the system through outlet port 4. As shown in FIG. 1, the junction 9, orifice 11a and bypass loop valve 12a connecting with junction point 14 creates a bypass loop in the flow circuit, while the junction 9, orifice 11b and outlet branch channel valve 12b create an output branch. It should be appreciated that the various flow channels interconnecting the components in the flow circuit may be of a variety of lengths. The flow channels are provided for explanatory purposes and depending on the desired configuration of the pump may be constructed as an indistinguishable part of another element. For example, the exhaust channel 15 could be shortened such that the outlet port 4 and the exhaust channel were one in the same. A relatively large flow rate develops within the bypass loop, while a lower flow rate develops through the outlet flow branch. The lower flow rate developed through the outlet flow branch is predictable and proportional to the flow rate though the bypass loop.

[0024] While orifice 11a and a bypass loop valve 12a are located within the bypass loop, outlet branch flow channel 10, orifice 11b and an outlet branch valve 12b are located within an outlet branch of the flow circuit 2. The sizes of the two flow orifices 11a and 11b determine the flow characteristics of the system, and they are sized according to the desired flow rate and the particular fluid properties of the application (e.g. the fluid viscosity). With respective flow orifice size selection, the flow circuit can precisely control a wide range of flow rates; from microdose flow rates up to macrodose flow rates. The bypass loop valve 12a within the bypass loop acts as an integral flow control device; its cracking pressure provides flow resistance and in turn creates a rise in pressure within the bypass loop. This contributes to flow rate proportioning between the outlet flow branch and the bypass loop.

[0025] The sizes of flow orifices 11a and 11b are selected based upon the properties of the fluid, primarily viscosity, and the intended flow rate range of a particular application. Once the orifice size selections have been made, the output flow from the dosing pump is precisely adjustable by means of varying the pump motor voltage. As the applied pump motor voltage is increased or decreased, the bypass loop maintains proportional flow between itself and the outlet flow branch, and the resulting outlet flow from the dosing pump increases or decreases linearly with respect the applied motor voltage. The linear response between pump motor voltage and dosing pump flow rate provides predictable, high resolution adjustment of the dosing pump output.

[0026] The linear relationship between the voltage applied to the pump motor and the subsequent dosing pump output flow rate is advantageous in instances where a dosing pump configured for a particular fluid viscosity and flow rate is used in different equipment configurations. For example, the dosing pump may be configured for a common fluid component used in a variety of equipment configurations. The different equipment configurations may locate the dosing pump at different flow distances from the dispensing point, and/or the equipment may have differences in their respective dispensing point; these are only two examples of dissimilar physical conditions between equipment configurations that are external to the dosing pump and that may impact the resultant fluid flow rate through the system. The dosing pump, however, can have its outlet flow rate predictably adjusted by means of pump motor voltage adjustment to yield the same system flow rate in the different equipment configurations.

[0027] Preferably, the bypass loop valve 12a and the outlet branch valve 12b are check valves. The flow resistance created by bypass loop valve 12a also allows the dosing pump to self prime. Both valves 12a and 12b function as back flow prevention devices. Preferably the cracking pressure of bypass loop valve 12a is greater than that of outlet branch valve 12b. In such a configuration, the higher cracking pressure of bypass loop valve 12a ensures that fluid is properly diverted at junction point 9, causing fluid flow through outlet branch valve 112b.

[0028] FIG. 3 pertains to an alternate embodiment of the present invention. Shown in FIG. 3 is a cross section of a flow circuit 2 including an orifice size selector 30. Additional orifice size selectors could also be included. The orifice size selector 30 further includes a plurality of flow orifices 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e and 30f arranged in an array. In the particular embodiment of FIG. 3, the orifice size selector may be rotated as indicated by arrows 31 so as to align one of the flow orifices into with flow path 32. The orifice size selector 30 may be included for either the bypass loop orifice or outlet flow branch orifice, or both. Preferably, the orifice size selector 29 may be placed at the inlet of bypass loop valve 12a, the inlet of outlet branch valve 12b or both. Essentially, it is preferred that the orifice size selector replace either of orifice 11a, orifice 11b, or both.

[0029] The inclusion of the orifice size selector 30 provides for a single flow circuit capable of several flow rate settings and compatible with several different fluid types. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, each setting is achieved by rotating the orifice selector to the appropriate orifice size for the particular setting. For example, the fluid circuit 2 including an orifice size selector 30 may be utilized in a dosing pump application where the dosing pump must pump different fluids, each with substantially different fluid properties. In use, the orifice size selector 30 is rotated so that the appropriate flow orifice is utilized for each fluid pumped through the system. Alternately, where a single dosing pump must accurately provide a microdose flow rate in some instances and a macrodose flow rate in others, the orifice size selector may be utilized to select the proper orifice sizes to supply the proper flow rates for both instances.

[0030] While the particular orifice selector depicted in FIG. 3 is substantially circular, having orifices arranged around its circumference, it should be appreciated that different sized and shaped orifice selectors could be utilized, such as a linear orifice selector that is reciprocated in order to select a proper orifice

[0031] As presented in FIG. 1, the flow circuit may be constructed from an assembly of manifold bodies with internal flow paths; the manifold bodies being manufactured by, but not limited to, machined, cast, injection molded, or some combination thereof. Another embodiment of invention is a flow circuit with flow paths constructed from flexible or rigid tubing, or some combination thereof. Yet another embodiment of the invention is a flow circuit constructed from a combination of manifold bodies with internal flow paths and flexible or rigid tubing.

[0032] The fluid pump is not limited to a particular type of pump technology, and pumps such as diaphragm, gear, solenoid, rotary vane, flexible impeller, or other type of pump suitable for a particular application may be used.

[0033] One embodiment of the present invention utilizes a closed loop control system in combination with the dosing pump system described above. FIG. 4 is a depiction of a control system 40 for use in combination with a dosing pump system. As shown, the controller is preferably a microprocessor based controller 41. The control system includes all functions necessary to operate the dosing pump system. The control system controls the power output to the pump motor (not shown), preferably through pulse width modulation (PWM) of the pump motor voltage 42, while monitoring the electrical behavior of the motor, specifically the motor Electromotive Force (emf) voltage 43, to provide closed loop flow control of the fluid flow. The motor emf voltage is proportional to the real-time discharge flow rate. By monitoring the motor emf voltage 43, the control system 41 calculates the flow rate and makes adjustments to the pump motor voltage 42 to precisely maintain the desired flow rate. Typically, dosing pump systems require flow rate sensors (such as paddle wheel or turbine type flow meters) to determine the fluid flow rate. By utilizing the pump motor emf 43, the present invention may determine flow rate without requiring the use of such additional flow sensors. Additionally, the control system 41 can use the flow rate information to calculate the total fluid volume that has been pumped.

[0034] Another advantage of sensing the motor emf voltage 43 is that the control system 41 can detect when the fluid supply to the pump has depleted. Typically, an additional device such as a pressure switch is required to detect when a supply of fluid has been depleted. By monitoring the changes in the emf voltage, the present invention can detect the depletion of the supply without any additional devices.

[0035] Preferably, the control system may included a normalization function which compensates for physical differences between individual pumps to ensure that the dosing pump's output flow rate is not affected by the physical differences of the motors. For instance, a particular pump model's motor windings may have minor physical differences between each motor which may result a variation in the emf voltage that the control system measures. The normalization function compares an input value, such as the actual emf voltage response, to a predetermined value, such as a predefined reference response, to determine an output value, such as an value corresponding to the appropriate pulse width modulation signal necessary to properly adjust the operation of the fluid pump, and the control system utilizes the output value to make the appropriate adjustments to correct for the variation. Thus, the control system through the utilization of the normalization function can correct for a wide range of different fluid types, flow rates, viscosities, etc,

[0036] The control system may additionally feature inputs and outputs which can communicate with an external control system 50 of one or more devices, such as a computer or other controller. This communication may provide flow rate 44, total volume 45, and fluid supply information (such as a fluid supply empty signal) 46, as well as additional information 47 about the operation of the dosing pump. This allows the external device to alternately control the pump in several different fashions such as: turning the pump on or off; sending signals defining the flow rate the pump should run at; and sending signals of how much total fluid volume should be pumped. Another example is the control system receiving a predefined formula 48 from an external control device, the formula 48 containing information about one or more particular fluids. This information may include the volume of fluid to be pumped, the flow rate, as well as fluid property variables for correct emf vs. flow rate calculations. Furthermore, the control system may receive additional input signals 49 from an external control device, to serve a multitude of purposes; some examples include receipt of microprocessor firmware updates and test mode commands.

[0037] In turn, the control system may output information back to the external control device such as flow rate 44, total volume pumped 45, and fluid supply information (such as a fluid supply empty signal) 46. For example, a supply depletion signal may be sent from the control system to alert the external control device that the supply fluid has been depleted, allowing the external control device to take further actions. While the controller of the control system may receive and send input and output signals to an external control device 50, it is also contemplated that the control system may receive manual inputs directly from an input device 51, such as a keyboard, dial, mouse, or touch screen, and send outputs directly to an output device such as a display screen (not shown).

[0038] It is contemplated that the controller may be provided with a variety of predefined values which may be utilized by the controller, particularly in response to an input value, in order to control the operation of the pump system. For example, the controller may be provided with a set of output flow rate values. The output flow rate values may correspond to the desired flow rates for particular products to be pumped. The controller may receive an input, either from another controller, a manual input, or a sensor input, identifying the fluid to be pumped as a particular product or as having a particular characteristic. In response, the controller identifies the appropriate predefined output flow rate corresponding to the product information input and controls the operation of the pump system, such as adjusting the power to the pump or adjusting one or more orifice size selectors, such that the appropriate output flow rate is achieved.

[0039] The control system may also be configured to operate within a network of other controllers. Accordingly, a dosing pump such as that described above with respect to FIG. 1, may be configured to operate in conjunction with a control system, also as described above. A plurality of dosing pumps, so configured may be connected together into a network of controllable dosing pumps. Preferably, the controller, or control system, of each dosing pump in the network may be preprogrammed with a defined set of flow rates, each flow rate being assigned to a network address identification for a particular controller. The controller may be manually or automatically assigned a network address identification by means of physical electrical connection, software programming, or other known method. Once the network identifications have been assigned, each controller will then automatically drive the respective dosing pump to dispense the preprogrammed target flow rate for the respective network address whenever a dispense command is received by the controller. The dispense command may be received from an external control system or from a direct input to the controller.

[0040] The control system provides a high degree of precision that allows the dosing pump to operate within desired tolerances over a wide range of doses. The operation of the pump can be adjusted to increase fluid flow capacity by forcing a high volume of fluid through the system. For example, one embodiment of the present invention operates in a range of approximately 0.1 milliliters per minute up to approximately 600 milliliters per minute, the structure and control system being capable of adjusting the flow rate throughout the entire range.

[0041] The self contained nature of the preferred embodiment allows the dosing pump to be used either as a stand-alone component, or as modular device within a larger system. Requiring no external flow control devices or sensors allows the preferred embodiment to be easily adapted to a wide range of applications. For example, the dosing pump may be used stand-alone to manually add a dose of a chemical compound within an experimental laboratory application. Another example may be the invention used as one of a plurality of dosing pumps within an automated food processing device, with the invention's control system receiving flow rate and total volume information via an input signal from an external control system.

[0042] FIGS. 5 and 6 depict another embodiment similar to that depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2. As shown in FIG. 5, the embodiment includes a flow circuit 2 having a bypass loop and an outlet flow branch. However, the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 further includes secondary exhaust orifice 16. The secondary exhaust orifice 16 may be in fluid communication with the outlet branch valve 12b and fluid exhaust channel 15. Preferably, fluid passed through outlet branch valve 12b, then through secondary exhaust orifice 16 before passing into exhaust channel 15 and out circuit fluid outlet 4. The secondary exhaust orifice 16 may be an adjustable valve, such as a needle valve. Alternately, secondary exhaust orifice 16 may be replaced with an orifice size selector, such as orifice size selector 30 of FIG. 3.

[0043] The secondary exhaust orifice, which is preferably adjustable, provides additional self priming capability for higher viscosity fluids (typically greater than 10 cP), as well as for applications where the dosing pump must draw fluid from a source or flow fluid to destination located at a relatively large vertical height differential from the dosing pump itself (i.e. vertical head). Without the secondary exhaust orifice 16, for high viscosity fluid and/or pumping against a large vertical head, there is potential for the pump to fail to create sufficient pressure to overcome the flow losses due to viscous effects, vertical head loss, and flow restriction of fluid attempting to pass through orifice 11b, resulting in a failure of the dosing pump to prime. Enlargement of orifice 11b reduces flow losses through the orifice, permitting the system to create fluid flow through the outlet branch, allowing the dosing pump to prime. However, enlargement of the orifice 11b sacrifices control of the fluid output once the pump is primed and system is sufficiently filled with fluid.

[0044] Accordingly, the addition of the secondary exhaust orifice 16 enables orifice 11b to be differently sized, including relatively large sized, in order to reduce the flow losses of fluid passing through orifice 11b, thereby allowing the dosing pump to initially prime, while maintaining control over the fluid flow rate through the outlet branch. The addition of secondary exhaust orifice 11b compensates for the loss of flow control resulting from the larger size of orifice 11b, enabling the dosing pump system to maintain the intended flow output that would be achieved with a smaller size of orifice 11b alone.

[0045] In operation, the combination of orifice 11b and secondary outlet orifice 16 provide additional self priming capacity in the following manner. When the pump 1 is energized and prior to the flow circuit being sufficiently filled with the fluid to be pumped, the relatively higher restriction created by the flow orifice 11a and bypass loop valve 12a in the bypass loop forces air to flow through the outlet flow branch with the relatively lower flow restriction created by the flow orifice 11b and the secondary exhaust orifice 16. As the air is forced through the outlet branch of the flow circuit, increased suction is created at the inlet 3 and the liquid being pumped is drawn into the pump 1, priming the pump. Once the flow circuit has become sufficiently filled with fluid, the higher viscosity of the fluid in comparison to air creates relatively large flow rate within the bypass loop and creates a lower flow rate within the outlet flow branch.

[0046] Another feature of the embodiment utilizing the preferably adjustable, secondary exhaust orifice 16 is the ability to adjust the restriction at the dosing pump outlet, allowing for an increased adjustment of the flow rate over a range of fluid viscosities. The embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 may, just as with the embodiment described with relation to FIGS. 1 and 2, further include a control system as described above. Similarly, the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 may further include the orifice size selector 30, described above with relation to FIG. 3.

[0047] While, as discussed above, the controller of the pump system may control the operation of the pump through adjustment of the pump motor emf, it is recognized that it in many applications, it may be desirable to actually sense and determine the fluid flow in the input flow channel 5 (see FIGS. 1 and 5). A further embodiment of the present invention includes an additional flow rate sensor. In the dosing pump system described above, the flow rate may be monitored utilizing a traditional flow sensor even where the pump output is at a microdosing level. An example of a suitable traditional flow senor is the FT-110 Series turbine senor available from Gems Sensors and Controls located at One Cowels Road, Plainville, Conn. 06062.

[0048] As discussed above, the combination of the bypass loop and outlet branch allows the pump to operate at a relatively high velocity, regardless of the desired output of the pump system, such that a relatively high fluid flow is achieved in the bypass loop while a lower flow, and particularly a microdose flow, is achieved in the outlet branch. Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 4, for example, sensing the motor emf 43 of the pump motor will provide feedback information regarding the operation of the pump 1, and hence the volume of fluid dispensed through the outlet port 4. In the further embodiment, it is preferable that a traditional flow sensor (not shown) is placed in the input flow channel 5 between junction 14 and pump input 6 to sense the fluid flow though input flow channel 5. Due to the configuration of the flow circuit 2, when the pump system is operated to provide a microdose output flow at outlet port 4, a relatively high flow rate, greater than microdosing levels, develops in the bypass loop, and particularly through input flow channel 5. Because the flow rate is higher, the traditional flow rate sensor, despite a relatively low sensitivity, is capable of accurately sensing the flow rate of fluid in the input flow channel 5. The sensor may then output information respecting the flow rate to a controller of the dosing pump system.

[0049] Thus, in a practical application, for a given fluid, having known properties (such as a known viscosity), and for a desired output flow rate, the proportionality between the desired output flow and the bypass loop flow is known. The output flow of the dosing pump system may be calculated by the controller by utilizing the data output by a traditional flow sensor measuring the flow of fluid passing through input flow channel 5. The controller may also vary the voltage applied to the pump to adjust the output flow rate and thereby achieve the desired output flow.

[0050] Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that such disclosure is not intended to be limiting. Various alterations and modifications will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art. Accordingly, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as covering all alterations and modifications as fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.