Abstract
The invention relates to a mounting device (1) for a composite battery (7) consisting of a plurality of battery cells (71), comprising a printed circuit board (2) with electrical lines and switch elements for connecting the battery cells in parallel or series connection, a safety device with safety instruments (51) for the overcurrent protection of each battery cell, a housing with two housing parts (61, 62), having contact regions (63) for fixing the battery cells, wherein the contact regions of at least one housing part are designed as enclosures (64) for embracing a battery cell, the circuit board comprises recesses (23) for receiving and contacting (31, 32) in each case one battery cell in a respective enclosure, and wherein each recess embraces an enclosure with a battery cell in its maximum cross-sectional area. The mounting device makes it possible to provide a composite battery with exchangeable battery cells of different design, power and operating voltage in series or parallel connection with overcurrent protection at the cell level and a battery pack (8) with correspondingly configured composite batteries in a safe, simple and cost-effective manner by a user.
Claims
1. Mounting device (1) for a composite battery (7) for providing different voltages and currents for a consumer from at least one battery cell (71), in particular at least one round cell of an accumulator, having electrical contacts (72) for removing the stored electrical energy, comprising a printed circuit board (2) with electrical lines (34, 35, 36, 37, 38) and switch elements (41, 42) for electrically connecting the at least one battery cell to the consumer, and a safety device (51, 52, 53, 54) for monitoring the function of the at least one battery cell, characterized in that a housing (61, 62) for receiving a plurality of battery cells having a first housing part (61) and a second housing part (62) is provided, wherein each first and second housing part has a plurality of contact regions (63), wherein each battery cell can be fixed between in each case at least one contact region of the first and second housing part, wherein each contact region in the first and/or second housing part is designed as an enclosure (64) for receiving in each case one battery cell, and wherein each enclosure is designed for at least partially enclosing a battery cell that can be accommodated therein; the printed circuit board has a plurality of recesses (23) for receiving in each case one enclosure with a battery cell, wherein each recess has a first contact surface (31) for electrically connecting a positive pole of a battery cell and a second contact surface (32) for electrically connecting a negative pole of the battery cell to the electrical lines, wherein in each case one of the contact surfaces, preferably the first contact surface, is electrically connected to the lines of the circuit board via the safety device, and the safety device comprises a safety instrument (51) for each battery cell for electrical overcurrent protection, wherein each battery cell in an enclosure is electrically connectable to the board in a releasable manner via the respective first and second contact surfaces, and wherein each recess in the board is dimensioned such that a battery cell can be enclosed in an enclosure in its maximum cross-sectional area.
2. Mounting device (1) according to claim 1, wherein each first and second contact surface (31, 32) is formed in the form of a metallic contact spring.
3. mounting device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the safety instrument (51) comprises an electrical plug-in fuse and a socket in releasable connection, and wherein the socket is electrically connected to the lines (34, 35, 36, 37, 38) of the circuit board (2) in a non-detachable, in particular non-thermally detachable manner.
4. mounting device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the safety device (51, 52, 53, 54) comprises protection electronics (52), in particular a voltage equalization regulator of a battery management system, for avoiding a deep discharge and overcharging of each battery cell (71) and/or a temperature monitoring (53) for the at least one battery cell with at least one temperature sensor (54).
5. Mounting device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the safety device (51, 52, 53, 54) is arranged on the circuit board (2) in electrical connection with the electrical lines (34, 35, 36, 37, 38).
6. Mounting device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical lines (34, 35, 36, 37, 38) of the circuit board (2) comprise: Control lines (34) for the functional monitoring of the at least one battery cell (71) and for the voltage equalization between the battery cells, a plurality of first power lines (35) for a series connection of the battery cells, a plurality of second power lines (36) for a parallel connection of the battery cells, a first busbar (37) for establishing an electrical connection between the positive pole of at least one battery cell and the consumer, and a second busbar (38) for establishing an electrical connection between the negative pole of at least one battery cell and the consumer.
7. Mounting device (1) according to claim 6, wherein the first and second power lines (35, 36) are arranged on a first large surface (21) of the circuit board (2) and the control lines (34) are arranged on a second large surface (22) of the circuit board.
8. mounting device (1) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the switching elements (41, 42) are provided for opening and closing the electrical connection between at least one battery cell (71) and the first power lines (35) or the second power lines (36) at junction points (33) of the electrical lines of the circuit board (2).
9. Mounting device (1) according to claim 8, wherein the switching elements (41, 42) are provided for electrically connecting the battery cells (71) in the series circuit and the parallel circuit, wherein the switching elements comprise: At least one electromechanical switch, in particular at least one plug-in bridge with a socket, a solder bridge or a relay, and/or at least one electronically controllable switch.
10. Mounting device (1) according to one of the preceding claim 8 or 9, wherein the circuit board (2), in each case in electrical connection with the junction points (33), comprises a first connection socket (39) and a second connection socket (310) in electrical connection with the second busbar (38) for providing the electrical energy of the composite battery, in particular of continuous currents up to 35 A, and a third connection socket (311) for functional monitoring of the protective electronics (52) and for voltage balancing.
11. Mounting device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each contact region (63) in the first and/or the second housing part (61, 62) has an opening (65), wherein the first housing part at least partially encloses the circuit board (2) with the battery cells on the first large surface (21) of the circuit board, wherein the second housing part at least partially encloses the circuit board with the battery cells on the second large surface (22) of the circuit board, wherein the second housing part is fixedly or detachably connected to the circuit board, and wherein the first housing part is detachably connected to the second housing part and/or to the circuit board.
12. Mounting device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second housing parts (61, 62) each have a circumferential edge region (66) on the side facing away from the printed circuit board (2), which edge region (66), at its height, projects beyond the battery cells (71) to be received by the mounting device and is formed in each case with a plurality of edge region openings (67), and wherein the first and/or second housing part comprises, on the side facing the printed circuit board, a venting device (68) for controlled pressure reduction in the event of a thermal destruction of a battery cell received by the mounting device, wherein the venting device is designed as a tubular cavity with at least one inlet (69) on the inner side of the housing (61, 62) facing the circuit board and with at least one outlet (610) on the outer side of the housing facing away from the circuit board.
13. Mounting device (1) according to one of the preceding claim 11 or 12, wherein the housing (61, 62) has the first, second and third connection socket (39, 310, 311) and first and second fastening elements (611, 612), in particular in the form of bores and blind bores, for fastening the mounting device.
14. Composite battery (7) for providing electrical energy for a consumer, comprising at least one battery cell (71), preferably at least one round cell of an accumulator, particularly preferably at least one lithium ion round cell, having electrical contacts (72) for removing the stored electrical energy, characterized in that, a mounting device (1) for providing different voltages and currents for a consumer from at least one battery cell (71) according to any one of claims 1-13 is provided.
15. Battery pack (8) for providing electrical energy for a consumer, characterized in that a plurality of composite batteries (7) according to claim 14 are envisaged for providing the electrical energy for the consumer, wherein the plurality of composite batteries are mechanically fastened to one another mechanically via the first fastening elements (611) provided in each composite battery, in particular in the form of bores, and first connecting elements (81), in particular in the form of threaded rods, and are held detachably in vertically or horizontally, stacked arrangement by the second fastening elements (612) provided in each composite battery, in particular in the form of blind bores, by means of second connecting elements (82), in particular in the form of pins, wherein the battery pack can be fastened in a force-fitting manner by means of the first fastening elements and the first connecting elements, wherein the plurality of composite batteries is electrically connected to one another electrically via the first and second connection sockets (39, 310) provided in each composite battery by means of junction elements (83) in series connection or parallel connection, wherein one of the first and second connection sockets of the plurality of composite batteries is provided for providing the electrical energy of the battery pack for a consumer, and wherein each third connection socket (311) of the plurality of composite batteries can be connected for function monitoring and for voltage equalization by means of a line element (84).
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0054] The invention is explained in detail below in exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0055] FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a composite battery with individual cells secured to the cell level for selective operation in a parallel circuit or in a series circuit according to the invention;
[0056] FIG. 2 shows a mounting device for a composite battery according to the invention according to FIG. 1 in front view without a housing;
[0057] FIG. 3 shows the mounting device according to FIG. 2 in a rear view;
[0058] FIG. 4A shows a schematic representation of the series circuit of the individual cells according to FIG. 1;
[0059] FIG. 4B shows a schematic representation of the parallel connection of the individual cells according to FIG. 1;
[0060] FIG. 5 shows a detail of a mounting device according to FIG. 2 with a battery cell and an enclosure of a second housing part in a circuit board;
[0061] FIG. 6 shows the section of the mounting device with the battery cell and the second housing part with the enclosure according to FIG. 5 in section A-A;
[0062] FIG. 7A shows a schematic illustration of a composite battery according to the invention with six battery cells with) an associated first housing part;
[0063] FIG. 7B shows a schematic illustration of a mounting device corresponding to FIG. 2 with six battery cells in a second housing part;
[0064] FIG. 7C shows a schematic representation of the composite battery according to FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B in section taken generally along the lines B-B of FIG. 7B;
[0065] FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of an electrical interconnection of three mounting devices according to FIG. 2 of a battery pack according to the invention;
[0066] FIG. 9 shows a schematic external view of a battery pack according to the invention with three composite batteries in series connection.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0067] FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a composite battery 7 configured with the mounting device 1 according to the invention. For selective operation of the battery cells 71 of the composite battery 7 in a series circuit or in a parallel circuit, each battery cell 71 is electrically connected at its positive pole via a first contact surface 31 and a fuse device 51 for overcurrent protection by means of second power lines 36 and changeover switches 42 to a first busbar 37. Via a second contact surface 32, each battery cell 71 is electrically connected at its negative pole by means of second power lines 36 and switch 41 to a second busbar 38. The electrical energy provided in this way is to be discharged through a consumer via the first and second bus bars 37, 38.
[0068] FIG. 2 shows a front view of the mounting device 1 according to the invention for a composite battery 7 without a housing. In the embodiment shown, the first large surface 21 of the printed circuit board 2 composed of the mounting device 1 has three recesses 23 with respectively associated first and second contact surfaces 31, 32 in the form of electrically conductive spring contacts. In each case in the direct electrical connection with the first contact surface 31, an overcurrent protection is provided via a safety instrument 51 in the form of a plug-in blade fuse that is detachably inserted in a socket. A second power line 36 leads from the socket of the safety instrument 51 to a junction point 33. This comprises contact surfaces for electrical connection to a switch element in the form of a changeover switch 42 for an alternative connection of battery cells 71 to be received in the recesses 23 in a parallel circuit via the second power lines 36 or in a series circuit via the second power lines 36 and first power lines 35. The positive pole of the battery cells 71 connected in series can thus be connected via the second power lines 36 and a first busbar 37 to the corresponding input of a protective electronics 52 comprised by the safety device on the first large surface 21 of the circuit board 2 encompassed by the mounting device 1, while the negative pole of the battery cells 71 connected in series can be connected to the corresponding input of the protective electronics 52 via the second power lines 36 and a second busbar 38. The mounting device 1 according to the invention is connected to a consumer via a first and second connection socket 39, 310, which are connected via the protective electronics 52 to the first busbar 37 or second busbar 38. Access to the protective electronics 52 for functional monitoring and for control purposes is made possible via a third connection socket 311.
[0069] FIG. 3 shows the rear view of the mounting device 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 without a housing. A temperature sensor 54 for monitoring the temperature of the battery cell 71 to be received in a recess 23 is arranged on each of the three recesses 23 on the second large surface 22 of the circuit board 2 which is part of the mounting device 1. Each temperature sensor 54 is electrically connected via control lines 34 to a temperature monitor 53 for detecting the cell temperature. In the illustrated embodiment, the temperature monitoring 53 is arranged as a separate circuit element on the second large surface 22 of the circuit board 2, wherein on the one hand an access to the temperature monitoring 53 and, on the other hand, an operative connection with the protective electronics 52 on the first of the large surface 21 of the printed circuit board 2 exists via the third connection socket 311. The electrical connections required for this purpose are designed as control lines 34; however, an arrangement of the temperature monitoring 53 on the first large surface 21 of the circuit board 2 with corresponding vertical interconnect access of the control lines 34 is likewise possible and represents an equally preferred alternative. In both cases, the safety device of the mounting device 1 according to the invention comprises battery management system 52, a temperature monitoring 53, safety instrument 51 and temperature sensors 54.
[0070] The embodiment of the mounting device 1 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is thus electrically connected to one another for a series arrangement with three battery cells 71, corresponding to the schematic representation according to FIG. 4A via two first power lines 35. The connection to a consumer is possible via the first busbar 37 connected to the positive pole of the series circuit and via the second busbar 38 connected to the negative pole of the series circuit.
[0071] FIG. 4B shows the three battery cells 71 in a parallel arrangement. In this case, the positive poles of the battery cells 71 are each electrically connected to the first busbar 37 via second power lines 36, while the negative poles are electrically connected to the second busbar 38 for connection to the consumer.
[0072] A section of a mounting device 1 in top view according to FIG. 2 is shown schematically in FIG. 5. A battery cell 71 inserted into the mounting device 1 is in this case partially kept in an enclosure 64 of a first housing part 61 made of plastic and a rectangular recess 23 in a printed circuit board 2. The battery cell mechanically held in this way is additionally electrically connected to the conductor tracks (not shown) on the circuit board 2 via a first and a second contact surface 31, 32. The battery cell 71 is a round cell of the standard type 18650.
[0073] FIG. 6 shows the detail of the mounting device 1 in a schematic sectional view along the section line A-A in FIG. 5. The first housing part 61 is fixedly connected to the printed circuit board 2 by means of an adhesive connection in the illustrated embodiment. The enclosure 64 penetrates the circuit board 2 and projects beyond it, whereby on the one hand a defined assignment of the first and second contact surfaces 31, 32 (not shown) on the circuit board 2 to the electrical contacts 72 (not shown) of the battery cell 71 (not shown) is ensured and, on the other hand, a cooling surface in the form of the enclosure 64 for the battery cell 71 is provided. The battery cell 71 rests flat against the contact region 63 of the first housing part 61 encompassed by the enclosure 64. Further cooling of the battery cell 71 is made possible by an opening 65 in the contact region 63.
[0074] FIG. 7 shows a composite battery 7 according to the invention with six battery cells 71 of standard type 18650 in three schematic views. In top view, FIG. 7A shows an associated second housing part 62 and FIG. 7B an associated first housing part 61 with a mounting device 1 according to FIG. 2 and the six battery cells 71. FIG. 7C shows the composite battery 7 with the second housing part 62 according to FIG. 7A and the first housing part 61 according to FIG. 7B in section B-B. The two housing parts 61, 62 are here formed as injection-molded parts made of a heat-resistant plastic.
[0075] FIG. 7A shows the second housing part 62 with six openings 65 for heat dissipation in the contact regions 63 of the battery cells 71 in a top view and consequently an outer side of the composite battery 7. For a screw connection to the first housing part 61, first fastening elements 611 in the form of bores are formed in the corners and in the two longitudinal edge region walls. These wall sections also comprise second fastening elements 612 as blind bores for releasably receiving second connecting elements 82 in the form of pins. The first fastening elements 611 are limited by internal wall regions in the form of a circular segment for reasons of stability. Furthermore, edge region opening 67 in the longitudinal edge walls are each formed between the first and second fastening elements 611, 612. These ensure that the heat emitted by the battery cells 71 via the openings 65 during operation of the composite battery 7 can be reliably dissipated even when the composite battery 7 rests on a flat surface or is used stacked in a battery pack 8 with a plurality of composite batteries 7.
[0076] FIG. 7B shows the inner side of the first housing part 61 of the composite battery 7. The edge wall of the first housing part 61 is congruent with that of the second housing part 62 and comprises first and second fastening elements 611, 612 in a corresponding arrangement for releasable connection to the second housing part 62 via the aforementioned first and second connecting elements 81, 82. In addition, a venting device 68 in the form of a tubular cavity with an inlet 69 on the inner side of the first housing part 61 facing the circuit board 2 and with two outlets 610 in the edge wall is formed along one of the two longitudinal edge walls. In the illustrated embodiment, the tubular cavity of the venting device 68 is thus vertically delimited by the partition with the inlet 69 and the opposite edge wall with the two outlets 610, while the lateral boundary is affected by a respective partial region of the base surface of the first housing part 61 and of the second housing part 62. In addition to the two outlets 610, three notches for the first, second and third connecting sockets 39, 310, 311 of the composite battery 7 are also formed in the edge wall of the first housing part 61, which notches are dimensioned in such a way that dust and splash water protection of the housing interior is ensured in the operating state of the composite battery 7, wherein each of the three connection sockets 39, 310, 311 also bears against the corresponding edge wall of the second housing part 62. The contact regions 63 in the first housing part 61 are shaped as enclosures 64 in order to stabilize the position of the battery cells 71 resting thereon, which penetrate the recesses 23 in the printed circuit board 2 and enclose half of the lateral surface of each battery cell 71. On the end face, each of the enclosures comprises a notch for the first and second contact surfaces 31, 32 provided on the printed circuit board 2 for making electrical contact with the battery cells 71, which are designed as spring contacts. In this embodiment of the composite battery 7 according to the invention, the printed circuit board 2 is firmly bonded to the inner side of the first housing part 61 and is formed in accordance with FIGS. 2 and 3. Instead of the three recesses 23 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the circuit board 2 here has six recesses 23, each of which encloses a battery cell 71 in an enclosure 64.
[0077] In FIG. 7C, the composite battery 7 with the second housing part 62 according to FIG. 7A and the first housing part 61 according to FIG. 7B is shown schematically in section B-B. The releasable connection between the two housing parts 61 and 62 is effected here by screws which are attached as first connecting elements 81 in the bores provided for this purpose as first fastening elements 611.
[0078] FIG. 8 schematically shows the electrical interconnection of three composite batteries 7 with in each case one mounting device 1 according to the invention corresponding to FIG. 2 and three battery cells 71 in a parallel arrangement to form a battery pack 8. For the parallel connection of the three composite batteries 7 of the battery pack 8 according to the invention, all the first connection sockets 39 and all the second connection sockets 310 are each connected in an electromechanically releasable manner to one another. For this purpose, the first and second connection sockets 39, 310 are each preferably formed as threaded pins and screwed together by means of a respective junction element 83 in the form of an electrically conductive metal bridge with three corresponding bores. The connection to a consumer takes place via one of the first connection sockets 39 and one of the second connection sockets 310 of the three composite batteries 7 in turn by means of a releasable screw connection. This preferred type of electromechanical connection of the individual composite batteries 7 of the battery pack 8 also permits reliable electrical contacting even in the case of a possible heating of the connection sockets. The function monitoring of the battery pack 8 and a voltage equalization between the individual composite batteries 7 is made possible via the third connection socket 311 provided in each of the three composite batteries 7. For this purpose, the third connection sockets 311 are connected to a line element 84 in the form of a ribbon cable.
[0079] Finally, FIG. 9 shows a rechargeable battery pack 8 with three composite batteries 7 in series in its schematic, reproduced external appearance. The first and second housing parts 61, 62 of each individual composite battery 7 are closed here, without openings 65 in the region of the battery cells 71, made of aluminum die casting. The electrical connection of the three composite batteries 7 in series connection is effected by two junction elements 83. In this exemplary embodiment, each of these junction elements 83 is designed as an electrically conductive metallic bridge with two bores. The first and second connection sockets 39, 310 of the three composite batteries 7 are preferably designed as threaded pins. The first connection socket 39 of the first composite battery 7 and the second connection socket 310 of the second composite battery 7 arranged thereon in the illustration are screwed to one another via the first of the two junction elements 83, while the first connection socket 39 of the second composite battery 7 and the second connection socket 310 of the third composite battery 7 arranged thereon in the illustration are connected to one another in an electromechanically releasable manner by means of the second junction element 83. The connection to an external consumer takes place in this case via the second connection socket 310, or the negative pole, of the first composite battery 7 and the first connection socket 39, or the positive pole, of the third compound battery 7. Functional monitoring of the battery pack 8 and a voltage equalization between the individual composite batteries 7 are again made possible via the third connection sockets 311 provided in each of the three composite batteries 7.
[0080] Each of the three composite batteries comprises a mounting device 1 according to the invention with a printed circuit board 2 and a first, second and third connection socket 39, 310, 311 according to FIG. 2 and a housing with a first and a second housing part 61, 62 corresponding to FIG. 7. The two housing parts 61, 62 are made of plastic and each have an opening 65 for heat dissipation in the contact region 63 of a battery cell 71. Each of the battery cells 71 is partially enclosed in the interior of the housing for position stabilization by an enclosure 64, which in turn is surrounded by a recess 23 in the circuit board 2. The enclosures 64 are each formed in the first housing part 61. The first and second housing parts 61, 62 and the printed circuit board 2 of each composite battery 7 have first fastening elements 611 in the form of bores in the corners. In addition, the two housing parts 61, 62 of each composite battery 7 on the outside in the edge region of their large surfaces in perpendicular arrangement to the printed circuit board 2 each comprise a plurality of second fastening elements 612 in the form of blind holes. Second connecting elements 82 in the form of spacer pins are detachably mounted in the blind holes. In this way, the composite batteries 7 of the battery pack 8 are kept at a distance in the desired lateral assignment. In conjunction with the openings 65 in the first and second housing parts 61, 62, sufficient cooling of the battery cells 71 during operation of the battery pack 8 is thus ensured. The three composite batteries 7 are releasably clamped against each other in their vertical arrangement by a first connecting element 81 in the form of a threaded rod in the bores in the corners of the individual housings by means of nuts. At the same time, both the battery cells 71 and the first, second and third connection socket 39, 310, 311 of the individual composite batteries 7 are thereby fixed between the associated first and second housing parts 61, 62 and the housing interior space is protected against dust and spray water.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
[0081] 1 Mounting device [0082] 2 Printed circuit board [0083] 21 First large surface [0084] 22 Second large surface [0085] 23 Recess [0086] 31 First contact surface [0087] 32 Second contact surface [0088] 33 Junction point [0089] 34 Control line [0090] 35 First power line [0091] 36 Second power line [0092] 37 First busbar [0093] 38 Second busbar [0094] 39 First connection socket [0095] 310 Second connection socket [0096] 311 Third connection socket [0097] 41 Switch [0098] 42 Changeover switch [0099] 51 Safety Instrument [0100] 52 Protective electronics [0101] 53 Temperature monitoring [0102] 54 Temperature sensor [0103] 61 First housing part [0104] 62 Second housing part [0105] 63 Contact region [0106] 64 Enclosure [0107] 65 Opening [0108] 66 Edge region [0109] 67 Edge region opening [0110] 68 Venting device [0111] 69 Inlet [0112] 610 Outlet [0113] 611 First fastening element [0114] 612 Second fastening element [0115] 7 Composite battery [0116] 71 Battery cell [0117] 72 Electrical contact [0118] 8 Battery pack [0119] 81 First connecting element [0120] 82 Second connecting element [0121] 83 Junction element [0122] 84 Line element
