METHOD FOR OBTAINING CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE TO BE MEASURED, BY USING INCLINED TIP, ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE FOR PERFORMING METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM STORED IN STORAGE MEDIUM IN ORDER TO PERFORM METHOD

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for acquiring a surface characteristic of a measuring object using a tilted tip, an atomic force microscope for carrying out the method, and a computer program stored on a storage medium for carrying out the method, capable of acquiring an image deeply to the inside of an undercut structure and easily separating a tip from the inside of the undercut structure. The method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a method for acquiring a surface characteristic of a measuring object using a measuring device including a tip interacting with the surface of the measuring object. The method includes a normal measuring step of acquiring a surface characteristic of the measuring object while relatively moving the tip in a first direction with respect to the surface of the measuring object using a first control method, a separating step of controlling the tip to deviate from an abnormal state by a second control method set based on a predefined shape of the surface of the measuring object when it is determined as the abnormal state in which at least one characteristic value obtained by the tip is out of a specific range during the normal measuring step, and a step of performing the normal measuring step again after the separating step.

Claims

1. A method for acquiring a surface characteristic of a measuring object using a measuring device including a tip interacting with the surface of the measuring object, the method comprising: a normal measuring step of acquiring a surface characteristic of the measuring object while relatively moving the tip in a first direction with respect to the surface of the measuring object using a first control method; a separating step of controlling the tip to deviate from an abnormal state by a second control method set based on a predefined shape of the surface of the measuring object when it is determined as the abnormal state in which at least one characteristic value obtained by the tip is out of a specific range during the normal measuring step; and a step of performing the normal measuring step again after the separating step.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predefined shape of the surface is a shape of an undercut structure opened to the first direction.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the measuring device is an atomic force microscope, in the first control method, the tip is controlled in a non-contact mode or tapping mode with respect to the measuring object, in the second control method, the tip is controlled to vibrate at a specific frequency, the characteristic value is an amplitude of the vibrating tip, and when the amplitude of the tip is less than or equal to a threshold of the specific range or less, it is determined as the abnormal state.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the tip extends from a cantilever and has a distal end, and when performing the normal measuring step, the distal end precedes the cantilever with respect to the first direction, and then the tip interacts with the surface of the measuring object in a tilted state.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the tip is formed to extend from the cantilever so that the distal end is substantially straight, the measuring device is configured to move the tip in a second direction for feedback on the surface of the measuring object of the tip, and the second direction is a direction tilted without being perpendicular to the first direction.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the tip is formed to be tilted from the cantilever so that the distal end is not straight, the measuring device is configured to move the tip in a second direction for feedback on the surface of the measuring object of the tip, and the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein the tip is formed to be tilted from the cantilever so that the distal end is not straight, the measuring device is configured to move the tip in a second direction for feedback on the surface of the measuring object of the tip, and the second direction is a direction tilted without being perpendicular to the first direction.

8. The method of claim 2, wherein the second control method is configured by combining a first operation of relatively moving the tip in a direction opposite to the first direction with respect to the surface of the measuring object, and a second operation of separating the tip from the surface of the measuring object.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the second control method is defined so that the first operation and the second operation are performed simultaneously or sequentially.

10. An atomic force microscope configured to measure a surface of a measuring object by a probe part having a tip and a cantilever, the atomic force microscope comprising: an XY scanner configured to move the measuring object so that the tip relatively moves in a first direction with respect to the surface of the measuring object; a head configured so that the probe part may be mounted, and including an optical system capable of measuring vibration or deflection of the cantilever and a Z scanner configured to move the probe part in at least a second direction and an opposite direction thereto so as to control a distance between the tip and the surface of the measuring object based on data obtained by the optical system; and a controller configured to control the XY scanner and the head, wherein the controller is configured to control the XY scanner and the head so as to perform a normal measurement control of acquiring a surface characteristic of the measuring object while relatively moving the tip in a first direction with respect to the surface of the measuring object using a first control method, a separation control of controlling the tip to deviate from an abnormal state by a second control method set based on a shape of the surface of the measuring object defined in advance when it is determined as the abnormal state in which at least one characteristic value obtained by the tip is out of a specific range during the normal measurement control, and the normal measurement control again after the separation control.

11. The atomic force microscope of claim 10, wherein the predefined shape of the surface is a shape of an undercut structure opened to the first direction.

12. The atomic force microscope of claim 11, wherein the head is configured to be tiltable, so that the tip is approached obliquely with respect to the surface of the measuring object.

13. The atomic force microscope of claim 11, wherein the second control method is configured by combining a first operation of relatively moving the tip in a direction opposite to the first direction with respect to the surface of the measuring object by the XY scanner, and a second operation of separating the tip from the surface of the measuring object by the Z scanner.

14. A computer program stored in a storage medium for performing the method of claim 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an atomic force microscope in which an XY scanner and a Z scanner are separated.

[0036] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for measuring a measuring object using an optical system.

[0037] FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an atomic force microscope configured to tilt a head.

[0038] FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view and a front view of a probe part usable for the method of the present invention.

[0039] FIG. 5 is exemplary cross-sectional views of an undercut structure to which the method of the present invention is to be applied.

[0040] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for acquiring a surface characteristic of a measuring object according to the present invention.

[0041] FIG. 7 is a side view sequentially illustrating the relative movement of a tip according to a first control method of FIG. 6.

[0042] FIG. 8 is a side view sequentially illustrating the relative movement of a tip according to a second control method of FIG. 6.

[0043] FIG. 9 is a graph showing the amplitude in a non-contact mode of the tip in an X- scan direction when the step of FIG. 6 is performed.

[0044] FIG. 10 is a graph showing a relationship between the amplitude and the speed of the tip for a control for carrying out the method according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0045] Advantages and features of the present invention, and methods for accomplishing the same will be more clearly understood from exemplary embodiments to be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following exemplary embodiments but may be implemented in various different forms. The exemplary embodiments are provided only to make description of the present invention complete and to fully provide the scope of the present invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains with the category of the invention, and the present invention will be defined by the appended claims.

[0046] Although the terms “first”, “second”, and the like are used for describing various components, these components are not confined by these terms. These terms are merely used for distinguishing one component from another component. Therefore, a first component to be mentioned below may be a second component in a technical concept of the present invention. In addition, even if it has been described that second coating after first coating is performed, it goes without saying that performing coating in reverse order is also included in the technical spirit of the present invention.

[0047] In using reference numerals in the present specification, even if the drawings are different, the same reference numerals are used as much as possible when the same configuration is illustrated.

[0048] The size and thickness of each component illustrated in the drawings are illustrated for convenience in explanation, and the present invention is not necessarily limited to the illustrated size and thickness of the component.

[0049] Configuration of atomic force microscope for carrying out the present invention

[0050] First, a configuration of an atomic force microscope as a measuring device for carrying out the method of the present invention will be described as an example. In this specification, the atomic force microscope is only described as an example, but it goes without saying that a method to be described below may be performed even in a scanning probe microscope (SPM) using a tip.

[0051] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an atomic force microscope in which an XY scanner and a Z scanner are separated, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for measuring a measuring object using an optical system, FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an atomic force microscope configured to tilt a head, and FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view and a front view of a probe part usable for the method of the present invention.

[0052] Referring to FIG. 1, an atomic force microscope 100 is configured to include a probe part 110, an XY scanner 120, a head 130, a Z stage 140, a fixing frame 150, and a controller 160.

[0053] The probe part 110 has a tip and a cantilever and is configured such that the tip follows the surface of the measuring object 1 in a contact or non-contact state. The probe part 110 may be provided separately from other components below, and is used by being fixed to the head 130 to be described below. The structure of the probe part 110 suitable for the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 4.

[0054] The XY scanner 120 is configured to move the measuring object 1 so that the tip moves relatively to the surface of the measuring object 1 in at least a first direction. Specifically, the XY scanner 120 functions to scan the measuring object 1 in X and Y directions in an XY plane.

[0055] The head 130 is configured so that the probe part 110 may be mounted thereon, and includes an optical system capable of measuring vibration or deflection of a cantilever and a Z scanner configured to move the probe part 110 in at least a second direction and an opposite direction thereto so as to control a distance between the tip and the surface of the measuring object based on data obtained by the optical system. The optical system will be described below with reference to FIG. 2. Here, the Z scanner 131 moves the probe part 110 with a relatively small displacement.

[0056] The Z stage 140 moves the probe part 110 and the head 130 in a Z direction with a relatively large displacement.

[0057] The fixing frame 150 fixes the XY scanner 120 and the Z stage 140.

[0058] The controller 160 is configured to control at least the XY scanner 120, the head 130, and the Z stage 140. The controller 160 controls the XY scanner 120 and the head 130 to perform a normal measurement control of acquiring the surface characteristic of the measuring object 1 while relatively moving the tip on the surface of the measuring object 1 in the first direction using a first control method. In addition, when it is determined as an abnormal state in which at least one characteristic value acquired by the tip deviates from a specific range while performing the normal measurement control, the controller 160 controls the XY scanner 120 and the head 130 to perform a separation control to be controlled so that the tip deviates from an abnormal state by a second control method set based on the shape of the surface of the measuring object 1 defined in advance and the normal measurement control again after the separation control. A detailed control method will be described below with reference to FIGS. 6 to 10.

[0059] Meanwhile, the atomic force microscope 110 may further include an XY stage (not illustrated) configured to move the XY scanner 120 on the XY plane with a large displacement. In this case, the XY stage will be fixed to the fixing frame 150.

[0060] The atomic force microscope 100 scans the surface of the measuring object 1 with the probe part 110 to acquire images such as topography. The relative movement between the surface of the measuring object 1 and the probe part 110 may be performed by the XY scanner 120, and the moving of the probe part 110 up and down along the surface of the measuring object 1 may be performed by the Z scanner 131. Meanwhile, the probe part 110 and the Z scanner 131 are connected by a probe arm 132.

[0061] Referring to FIG. 2, the XY scanner 120 supports a measuring object 1 and scans the measuring object 1 in the XY direction. The driving of the XY scanner 120 may occur, for example, by a piezoelectric actuator, and when the XY scanner 120 is separated from the Z scanner 131 as in the exemplary embodiment, a stacked piezo may be used. The XY scanner 120 will be described by referring to Korean Patent Nos. 10-0523031 (Title of Invention: XY scanner in scanning probe microscope and driving method thereof) and 10-1468061 (Title of Invention: Control method of scanner and scanner device using the same) of which the present Applicant is the Patentee.

[0062] The Z scanner 131 may be connected to the probe part 110 to adjust the height of the probe part 110. The driving of the Z scanner 131 may also be performed by a piezoelectric actuator like the XY scanner 120. The Z scanner 131 will be described by referring to Korean Patent No. 10-1476808 (Title of Invention: Scanner device and atomic force microscope including the same) of which the present Applicant is the Patentee. When the Z scanner 131 is contracted, the probe part 110 moves away from the surface of the measuring object 1, and when the Z scanner 131 is extended, the probe part 110 moves close to the surface of the measuring object 1.

[0063] The XY scanner 120 and the Z scanner 131 may be separated to be also present as separate members as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, but may be integrated and present into one member by a tubular piezoelectric actuator. In the case of such a tubular piezoelectric actuator, although movement in the XY direction and movement in the Z direction may be performed together, there is a problem in that the behavior in the XY direction and the behavior in the Z direction are coupled to distort an image. However, it goes without saying that such a structure may be utilized in the present invention despite these limitations. Such an XYZ integrated scanner is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012-0079635A1 (Title of Invention: Methods and devices for correcting errors in atomic force microscopy) and the like, and in addition, a structure of a well-known atomic force microscope may be used.

[0064] The head 130 has an optical system capable of measuring the vibration or deflection of the cantilever of the probe part 110, and this optical system includes a laser generation unit 133 and a detector 134.

[0065] The laser generation unit 133 irradiates laser light (illustrated by a dotted line) to the surface of the cantilever of the probe part 110, and the laser light reflected from the surface of the cantilever is focused on a 2-axial detector 134 like a position sensitive photo detector (PSPD). The signal detected by this detector 134 is sent to the controller 160 for control.

[0066] The controller 160 is connected to the XY scanner 120 and the Z scanner 131 to control the driving of the XY scanner 120 and the Z scanner 131. In addition, the controller 160 may convert the signal acquired from the detector 134 into a digital signal by an ADC converter, and determine the degree of bending, distortion, etc. of the cantilever of the probe part 110 by using the converted signal. A computer may be integrated into the controller 160 or may be connected to a separate computer and the controller 160. The controller 160 may be integrated into one and put in a rack, but may be divided into two or more.

[0067] The controller 160 transmits a signal to drive the XY scanner 120 so that the measuring object 1 may be scanned by the XY scanner 120 in the XY direction, while controlling the Z scanner 131 so that the probe part 110 has a constant mutual force with the surface of the measuring object 1 (that is, so that the cantilever maintains a certain degree of bending or the cantilever vibrates with a constant amplitude). That is, the controller 160 has a software or electrocircuit closed loop feedback logic. In addition, the controller 160 measures the length of the Z scanner 131 (alternatively, the length of an actuator used in the Z scanner 131), or measures a voltage applied to the actuator used in the Z scanner 131 and the like to acquire topography of the surface of the measuring object 1.

[0068] Here, the tip of the probe part 110 may move relative to the surface of the measuring object 1 while being in contact with the surface of the measuring object 1 (referred to as ‘a contact mode’), and move relative to the surface of the measuring object 1 while vibrating without being in contact with the surface (referred to as ‘a non-contact mode’). In addition, the tip of the probe part 110 may move relative to the surface of the measuring object 1 while vibrating by tapping the surface of the measuring object 1 (referred to as ‘a tapping mode’). Since these various modes correspond to previously developed modes, detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0069] Meanwhile, the data about the surface of the measuring object 1 acquired by the controller 160 may be varied in addition to topography. For example, by special treatment of applying a magnetic force or applying an electrostatic force, etc. to the probe part 110, it is possible to acquire data on the magnetic force, data on the electrostatic force, etc. of the surface of the measuring object 1. These modes of the atomic force microscope include magnetic force microscopy (MFM), electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), and the like, and may be implemented using known methods. In addition, the data about the surface of the measuring object 1 may be a voltage of the surface, a current of the surface, and the like.

[0070] Meanwhile, it should be noted that the configuration of the head 130 only describes essential components for convenience of description, and specific configurations such as other optical systems are omitted. For example, the head 130 may further include components disclosed in Korean Patent No. 10-0646441.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 3, a configuration of an atomic force microscope 100′ capable of tilting the head 130 is illustrated. For reference, in FIGS. 1 and 2, this configuration has been omitted, and in FIG. 3, for convenience of description, the laser generation unit 133, the detector 134, and the probe arm 132 have been omitted.

[0072] The atomic force microscope 100′ is configured to tilt the head 130 to tilt the tip of the probe part 110 (not illustrated in FIG. 3 and will be described below in detail). The head 130 is connected to a guide part 172 by an extension block 171, and the guide part 172 may be formed in an arc shape to have a specific rotation radius.

[0073] The extension block 171 is configured to be slidably movable along the guide part 172, and the tip of the probe part 110 may be tilted according to the movement of the extension block 171. It is preferable that the specific rotation radius is set so that a distal end of the tip of the probe part 110 does not move according to the movement of the extension block 171, but even if not, as long as the tip may be tilted at a specific angle, the specific rotation radius may be set in any manner.

[0074] Meanwhile, when the head 130 is tilted by θ in a vertical direction from the measuring object 1, the Z scanner 131 is also tilted by θ, and as a result, the movement of the probe part 110 caused by the Z scanner 131 is also tilted by θ.

[0075] The configuration capable of tilting the head 130 as such has been disclosed in Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0761059, etc., of which the Applicant of the present invention is the Patentee, and the disclosed configuration is incorporated in the present invention by reference.

[0076] Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the probe parts 110 and 110t include the cantilever 111 and the tips 112 and 112t. The cantilever 111 is a part where bending or vibration occurs, and since a laser spot generated by the above-described laser generation unit 133 is formed, the degree of bending and vibration may be measured by the detector 134.

[0077] The tips 112 and 112t extend from the cantilever 111, and are generally formed symmetrically in an X direction as illustrated in FIG. 4A. Of course, the probe part 110 may also be used in the method of the present invention by tilting the head 130 using the atomic force microscope 100′ of FIG. 3. However, if the probe part 110t having a tip 112t tilted in the X direction is used as illustrated in FIG. 4B, the shape of the undercut structure may be better measured. Specifically, a distal end 113 of the tip may be formed obliquely out of a center C of the tip.

[0078] Referring to FIG. 4C, a tip tilted at various angles with respect to the X direction may be utilized in the present invention. Probe parts 110t′, 110t″, and 110t′″ in which the distal end 113 of the tip is tilted at 12°, 20°, 30°, etc. may be utilized in the method of the present invention. Of course, the probe part 110 that is not tilted at all may also be utilized in the method of the present invention.

[0079] The method of the present invention, which will be described below, may be performed in various combinations of devices and probe parts.

[0080] First, the method of the present invention may be performed in combination of the probe part 110 illustrated in FIG. 4A in which the tip 112 is formed so that the distal end 113 extends from the cantilever 111 to form a substantially straight line and the atomic force microscope 100′ configured to move the tip 112 in the second direction for feedback on the surface of the measuring object 1 of the tip 112. Here, the second direction is a direction tilted without being perpendicular to the X scan direction (first direction), and is obtained by tilting the head 130 using the atomic force microscope 100′ of FIG. 3. That is, the method of the present invention may be performed by the straight probe part 110 and the tilted head 130. Here, ‘substantially forming the straight line’ includes those which are manufactured with the aim of forming a straight line, but do not form an exact straight line due to errors caused by design errors, tolerances, errors during manufacturing, and the like. For example, ‘substantially forming the straight line’ means that the error between the center C of the tip 112 and the distal end 113 is 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less with respect to the total length of the tip 112.

[0081] Next, the method of the present invention may be performed in combination of the probe part 110t illustrated in FIG. 4B in which the tip 112t is formed so that the distal end 113 is tilted from the cantilever 111 not to form a substantially straight line and the atomic force microscope 100 configured to move the tip 112t in the second direction for feedback on the surface of the measuring object 1 of the tip 112t. Here, the second direction is a direction substantially perpendicular to the X scan direction (the first direction), and is obtained without tilting the head 130 using the atomic force microscope 100 of FIG. 1. That is, the method of the present invention may be performed by the bent probe part 110t and the non-tilted head 130. Here, ‘substantially perpendicular’ includes those which are manufactured with the aim to be perpendicular, but do not form exactly 90° due to errors caused by design errors, tolerances, errors during manufacturing, and the like. For example, ‘substantially perpendicular’ may mean that the first direction and the second direction form 89° or more and 91° or less, more preferably 89.5° or more and 90.5° or less.

[0082] Next, the method of the present invention may be performed in combination of the probe part 110t illustrated in FIG. 4B in which the tip 112t is formed so that the distal end 113 is tilted from the cantilever 111 not to form a substantially straight line and the atomic force microscope 100′ configured to move the tip 112t in the second direction for feedback on the surface of the measuring object 1 of the tip 112t. Here, the second direction is a direction tilted without being perpendicular to the X scan direction (first direction), and is obtained by tilting the head 130 using the atomic force microscope 100′ of FIG. 3. That is, the method of the present invention may be performed by the bent probe part 110 and the tilted head 130. In this method, since an approach between the most tilted distal end 113 and the surface of the measuring object 1 may occur, there is an advantage of being able to measure the deepest undercut structure. Hereinafter, a method of measuring the undercut structure using the device according to the combination will be described.

[0083] Method for Acquiring Surface Characteristic of Measuring Object having Undercut Structure

[0084] Hereinafter, an exemplary embodiment of a method for acquiring a surface characteristic of a measuring object of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0085] FIG. 5 is exemplary cross-sectional views of an undercut structure to which the method of the present invention is to be applied, FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for acquiring a surface characteristic of a measuring object according to the present invention, FIG. 7 is a side view sequentially illustrating the relative movement of a tip according to a first control method of FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is a side view sequentially illustrating the relative movement of a tip according to a second control method of FIG. 6, FIG. 9 is a graph showing the amplitude in a non-contact mode of the tip in an X-scan direction when the step of FIG. 6 is performed, and FIG. 10 is a graph showing a relationship between the amplitude and the speed of the tip for a control for carrying out the method according to the present invention.

[0086] Referring to FIG. 5, the shape of the undercut structure may be defined as a shape having a protrusion P protruding in a Z direction in an XY plane structure and a dent side of the protrusion P. For measurement, the undercut structure is defined as a structure including a concave shape that is open to a scan direction (in the description, referred to as −X direction, in other words, a relative movement direction of the tip, a ‘first direction’). In other words, a shape in which a portion P′ protruding in the X direction is present toward a Z direction may be defined as the shape of the undercut structure.

[0087] In view of the above definition, a shape having an inner space S and a portion P′ protruding in the X direction as illustrated in FIG. 5A may be referred to as the shape of the undercut structure. In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 5B, a shape having a portion P′ protruding in the X direction while the shape of the inner space S is bent may also be referred to as the shape of the undercut structure.

[0088] Eventually, in other words, when the plane of the measuring object is viewed from the upper side, a structure having the inner space S that is not visible from the lower side due to the protruding portion P′ may be referred to as the undercut structure. As such, the definition may be made in various ways, and the present invention may be applied to these various modified examples.

[0089] In the following example, the method of the present invention will be described by exemplifying the measurement of FIG. 5A, which is the simplest undercut structure.

[0090] Referring to FIG. 6, first, a probe part is prepared (S110). The probe parts 110, 110t, 110t″, and 110t′″ may not be tilted as illustrated in FIG. 4 or may be selected from probe parts having a tilted tip at various angles. Depending on the shape of the undercut structure, a more tilted tip may be used if it is necessary to measure a deeper part. The selection of these probe parts 110, 110t, 110t″, and 110t′″ may be appropriately determined according to the shape of the undercut structure.

[0091] These probe parts 110, 110t, 110t″, and 110t′″ are mounted on the head 130 of FIGS. 1 to 3, more specifically the probe arm 132, and as illustrated in FIG. 2, the laser from the laser generation unit 133 is reflected by the cantilever 111 to be focused on the detector 134, and then the preparation is completed.

[0092] Thereafter, by tilting the head 130, the tips 112 and 112t are tilted (S120). When the atomic force microscope 100′ of FIG. 3 is used, the head 130 may be tilted, and the tilted angle may be appropriately selected in consideration of the shape of the undercut structure to be measured. Of course, this step may also be omitted by mounting the probe parts 110t′, 110t″, and 110t′″ including the tilted tip 112t on the non-tilted head 130.

[0093] Thereafter, the tips 112 and 112t approach the surface of the measuring object 1 (S130). The tips 112 and 112t approach the surface of the measuring object 1 in a tilted state, and may be approached in a non-contact mode or tapping mode state. In the case of the non-contact mode or tapping mode, the tips 112 and 112t vibrate at a specific frequency, and the tips 112 and 112t approach the surface of the measuring object 1 until the amplitude of a specific frequency reaches a specific value, and then the approach is completed. This approaching method follows existing approach methods in the non-contact mode or tapping mode, and is also applied even to the present method as it is.

[0094] Thereafter, by using a first control method, while the tips 112 and 112t move relative to the surface of the measuring object 1 in the first direction, the surface characteristic of the measuring object 1 is acquired (S140).

[0095] The first direction refers to a relative movement direction of the tips 112 and 112t with respect to the measuring object 1, and refers to an —X direction in the present description with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. The relative movement of the tips 112 and 112t may also be achieved while the measuring object 1 is fixed and the tips 112 and 112t are moved. However, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, according to the structures of the atomic force microscopes 100 and 100′ in which the XY scanner 120 and the Z scanner 131 are separated, the Z scanner 131 only serves to move for maintaining a predetermined distance from the surface of measuring object 1, and the measuring object 1 moves according to the scan of XY scanner 120, so that the relative movement of the tips 112 and 112t may also be achieved. In the present description, for convenience, it is described as if the tips 112 and 112t move, but this only means relative movement, and it is not meant that only the tips 112 and 112t actually move.

[0096] The first control method refers to a control method of performing feedback control to maintain a predetermined distance from the surface of the measuring object 1 while the tips 112 and 112t operate in the non-contact mode or tapping mode. That is, it may be understood that the control method using a general non-contact mode or tapping mode is the first control method.

[0097] As such, in the step (S140), the tip 112t is tilted and follows the surface of the measuring object 1 while maintaining a certain distance from the surface of the measuring object to be scanned in the —X direction. When the tip 112t moves relatively in a —X direction as illustrated in FIG. 7A and then meets the portion protruding in a +Z direction as illustrated in FIG. 7B, the tip 112t follows the surface of the measuring object 1 even in the +Z direction by contracting the Z scanner 131. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 7C, the side other than the distal end 113 of the tip 112t comes close to the protruding portion P′ in the +X direction, thereby affecting the vibration of the tip 112t.

[0098] At this time, referring to FIG. 9, at the moment when the first control method is performed while the amplitude is maintained in a specific range (about 7.5 to 8.5 nm) (S140), and then the protruding portion P′ affects the side of the tip 112t, the amplitude of the tip 112t in the non-contact mode suddenly drops to a predetermined value (about 2 nm) or less (in FIG. 9, an alternated long and short dash line represents an amplitude, and a solid line represents a height of the tip (i.e., the height of the Z scanner 131)). In the first control method, the amplitude of the tip 112t that has been controlled to have an amplitude of 8 nm suddenly drops to about 2 nm or less. This sudden drop in amplitude means that ‘abnormal contact at the side’ other than the distal end 113 of the tip 112t has occurred (hereinafter, referred to as an ‘abnormal state’). It may be determined that such an abnormal contact is based on the assumption that an undercut structure will be present on the surface of the measuring object 1 in advance.

[0099] As such, while measuring the surface of the measuring object 1 through the first control method, it is monitored in real time whether an abnormal state occurs, and if the abnormal state occurs, it is determined as an abnormal state (S150).

[0100] The determining of whether the abnormal state occurs may be determined as a case where at least one characteristic value obtained by the tip 112t is out of a specific range. These characteristic values may be any values that may be changed due to an unexpected contact at the side other than the distal end 113 of the tip 112t. In the exemplary embodiment, it is exemplified that the amplitude of the tip 112t vibrating in the non-contact mode or tapping mode is used as such a characteristic value.

[0101] Referring back to FIG. 9, the contact of a portion other than the distal end 113 of the tip 112t acts as a factor for sharply decreasing the amplitude of the tip 112t, which exceeds the range of control that the first control method may feedback (point A). As such, when the amplitude of the tip 112t drops below a specific value, it may be determined as an abnormal state. Here, in FIG. 9, the specific value may be set to 5.0 nm, 4.0 nm, or 3.0 nm. In addition, the specific value may also be set as a value of 50%, a value of 40%, or the like of an amplitude (also referred to as a set point) which is feedback-controlled and maintained according to the first control method.

[0102] Meanwhile, if the tip 112t is controlled by the first control method even after it is determined as the abnormal state, since the sudden decrease in amplitude means that the tip 112t is rapidly and very close to the surface of the measuring object 1, as illustrated in FIG. 7D, the Z scanner 131 rapidly lifts the tip 112t. Since the Z scanner 131 is configured to move the tip 112t along the center C of the tip 112t for feedback on the surface of the measuring object 1 of the tip 112t, when the Z scanner 131 rapidly lifts the tip 112t, the tip 112t collides with the protruding portion P′ in the X direction of the undercut shape to be easily damaged.

[0103] Accordingly, after the abnormal state is determined, the behavior of the tip 112t and the XY scanner 120 should not be controlled according to the first control method.

[0104] Accordingly, after the abnormal state is determined, a separation step for separating from the abnormal state is performed by controlling the XY scanner and the Z scanner by a second control method different from the first control method (S160).

[0105] In the second control method, in order to prevent damage to the tip 112t, while the contraction of the Z scanner 131 (lifting of the tip 112t) is not performed or minimized immediately after the determination of the abnormal state, the tip 112t moves relatively in a +X direction which is a scan direction opposite to the first direction.

[0106] In other words, the second control method is performed by a combination of a first operation of relatively moving the tip 112t on the surface of the measuring object 1 in the opposite direction (+X direction) to the first direction (-X direction) and a second operation of separating the tip 112t from the surface of the measuring object 1. The first operation and the second operation are defined to be performed simultaneously or sequentially. That is, the first operation and the second operation may be implemented as one combined operation without distinction, or the first operation and the second operation may be sequentially performed alternately.

[0107] The second control method will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 8.

[0108] When it is determined as an abnormal state as illustrated in FIG. 8A, by moving the measuring object 1 by the XY scanner 120 in the —X direction as illustrated in FIG. 8B, while the tip 112t relatively moves in the +X direction, the contraction (lifting of the tip) of the Z scanner 131 is not performed or minimized.

[0109] Thereafter, the Z scanner 131 is contracted to lift the tip 112t as illustrated in FIG. 8C. The Z scanner 131 moves the tip 112t along the center C of the tip 112t (along the second direction). That is, by the Z scanner 131, the distal end 113 of the tip 112t relatively moves in the +X direction and the +Z direction. When the tip 112t is lifted, the side of the tip 112t comes into contact with the protruding portion P′ again.

[0110] When it is determined that the side of the tip 112t comes into contact with the protruding portion P′ again, as illustrated in FIG. 8D, the tip 112t relatively moves in the +X direction again. Thereafter, the Z scanner 131 is contracted to lift the tip 112t again as illustrated in FIG. 8E. This operation is further repeated as illustrated in FIGS. 8F and 8G.

[0111] When this operation is repeated and then the distal end 113 other than the side of the tip 112t interacts with the protruding portion P′ as illustrated in FIG. 8G, the amplitude of the tip 112t enters into the range of the amplitude that may be controlled by the first control method. Then, the second control method is terminated. As a result, the separation step (S150) is completed.

[0112] Thereafter, the surface of the measuring object 1 is scanned using the first control method as illustrated in FIGS. 8H and 8I.

[0113] Referring to FIG. 10, the first control method and the second control method will be described in detail again.

[0114] The first control method refers to a method in which the tip 112t is controlled to have a specific amplitude (set point) along the surface of the measuring object 1 according to a general non-contact mode or tapping mode. The first control method controls the tip 112t to be close to the surface of the measuring object 1 by extending the Z scanner 131 when it is determined that the tip 112t is far away from the surface of the measuring object 1 when the measured amplitude is larger than the specific amplitude (set point) according to the control method of a general atomic force microscope (control along a right line of the set point). In addition, the first control method controls the tip 112t to be away from the surface of the measuring object 1 by contracting the Z scanner 131 when it is determined that the tip 112t is close to the surface of the measuring object 1 when the measured amplitude is smaller than the specific amplitude (set point) according to the control method of the general atomic force microscope (control along a left line of the set point).

[0115] At this time, the XY scanner 120 is controlled to move the measuring object 1 in a constant direction (X direction) (illustrated by a solid line). In the exemplary embodiment, it is exemplified that the movement in the X direction is controlled at a constant speed, but this is only an example, and if only the scan direction is maintained, the scan speed is variable.

[0116] As such, the first control method controls a distance between the surface of the measuring object 1 and the tip 112t by contracting or extending the Z scanner 131 so that the tip 112t vibrates with a specific amplitude (set point) within the ‘first control method section’ .

[0117] When the amplitude of the tip 112t is lower than a threshold value (i.e., it is determined as an abnormal state), the second control method is applied. The second control method is, as described above with reference to FIG. 8, a control method for separating the distal end 113 of the tip 112t from the inner space of the undercut structure by a combination of movement in the X direction by the XY scanner 120 and movement in the second direction by the Z scanner 131.

[0118] When the amplitude of the tip 112t starts to become lower than the threshold value, first, the moving speed in the X direction by the XY scanner 120 starts to decrease (see the solid line). In addition, the contraction speed of the Z scanner 131 decreases (see an alternated long and short line). In the method, a collision between the protruding portion P′ and the side of the tip 112t is prevented.

[0119] If the amplitude of the tip 112t becomes lower, the movement direction in the X direction by the XY scanner 120 is reversed. At this time, the Z scanner 131 is continuously contracted to lift the tip 112t. Since the Z scanner 131 is contracted while performing the X-direction scan in the direction opposite to the scan direction in the X-direction in the first control method, the tip 112t may be separated from the undercut structure.

[0120] Here, the contraction speed by the Z scanner 131 is preferably set to a lower limit. The Z scanner 131 is not controlled to be extended by the second control method, but continuously performs contraction for which the lower limit is set.

[0121] The threshold value may serve as a target value, that is, a set point of the second control method. This is because the second control method is a transitional stage, and is aimed at separation. As a result, the amplitude value of the tip 112t may enter into the section of the first control method by the second control method, and after entering, the first control method is performed to obtain a normal image.

[0122] Referring back to FIG. 6, it is continuously determined whether the tip 112t is in the abnormal state even while the tip 112t is controlled by the second control method (S170). If the abnormal state continues by this determination, the second control method is continuously performed, and when it is determined that the abnormal state deviates (when the amplitude enters into the range controllable by the first control method as illustrated in FIG. 9B), the control method is changed to the first control method (S140). That is, when step S140 to which the first control method is applied and step S160 to which the second control method is applied are performed, the determination of the abnormal state (S150 and S170) should be accompanied.

[0123] According to the method of the present invention as described above, it is possible to image more deeply the shape of the undercut structure, and to measure an image again by automatically and quickly separating a tip entering the inner space of the undercut structure from the inner space to facilitate the operation, thereby expecting an increased throughout.

[0124] Hereinabove, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described with the accompanying drawings, but it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be executed in other detailed forms without changing the technical spirit or requisite features of the present invention. Therefore, it should be appreciated that the embodiments described above are illustrative in all aspects and are not restricted.