Impeller, rotary machine, and turbocharger

Abstract

This compressor wheel (3) is provided with a disc (22) which is formed in a disc shape and provided to be rotatable around a central axis (C); and a plurality of blades (23) provided on a disc surface (22f) facing a first side in the central axis (C) direction with an interval in a circumferential direction around the central axis (C). A rear surface (22r) of the disc (22) facing a second side in the central axis (C) direction has a convex curved surface (25) which is convex toward the second side in the central axis (C) direction at least part of a center portion of the disc (22).

Claims

1. A rotary machine comprising: a rotating shaft which extends along a central axis; and an impeller provided on the rotating shaft, wherein the impeller comprising: a disc provided on the rotating shaft; and a plurality of blades provided on a surface of the disc on a first direction in a central axis direction, wherein the plurality of blades are provided at intervals in a circumferential direction around the central axis, wherein the disc includes a surface on a side opposite to the first direction in the central axis direction having a convex curved surface which is convex toward the side opposite to the first direction in the central axis direction, wherein the convex curved surface has a shape being continuously and smoothly convex from an outer circumferential side of the disc toward the central axis, wherein the rotary machine further comprises a collar provided on the rotating shaft, and wherein the collar is configured to contact with the convex curved surface at around the central axis.

2. The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein an outer circumferential convex curved surface which is convex toward the second side in the central axis direction and is formed with a curvature different from that of the convex curved surface is continuously formed on an outer side of the convex curved surface in a radial direction.

3. The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein a concave curved surface which is concave toward the second side in the central axial direction is continuously formed on an outer side of the convex curved surface in a radial direction.

4. The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein an outer side of the convex curved surface in a radial direction has a tapered surface which extends continuously with the convex curved surface.

5. The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein the impeller is provided with a concave curved surface provided in a radially outer side of the convex curved surface, the concave curved surface being concave toward the second side along the central axis direction.

6. The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein a part of the surface of the disc on the side opposite to the first direction in the central axis direction, that is provided in the radially outer side of a contact area on which the convex curved surface contacts the collar, is provided at the side on the first direction in the central axis direction with respect to the contact area of the convex curved surface.

7. The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein the convex curved surface has a constant curvature radius in a cross-sectional area including the central axis.

8. A turbocharger comprising: a rotating shaft which extends along a central axis; and an impeller provided on the rotating shaft, wherein the impeller comprising: a disc provided on the rotating shaft; and a plurality of blades provided on a surface of the disc on a first direction in a central axis direction, wherein the plurality of blades are provided at intervals in a circumferential direction around the central axis, wherein the disc includes a surface on a side opposite to the first direction in the central axis direction having a convex curved surface which is convex toward the side opposite to the first direction in the central axis direction, wherein the convex curved surface has a shape being continuously and smoothly convex from an outer circumferential side of the disc toward the central axis, wherein the rotary machine further comprises a collar provided on the rotating shaft, and wherein the collar is configured to contact with the convex curved surface at around the central axis.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a turbocharger in an embodiment of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a shape of a rear surface of a disc of a compressor wheel provided in the turbocharger.

(3) FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the shape of the rear surface of the disc of the compressor wheel.

(4) FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a second modified example of the shape of the rear surface of the disc of the compressor wheel.

(5) FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a third modified example of the shape of the rear surface of the disc of the compressor wheel.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(6) An impeller, a rotary machine and a turbocharger according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(7) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a turbocharger in an embodiment of the present invention.

(8) As shown in FIG. 1, a turbocharger (a rotary machine) 1 includes a turbine wheel 2, a compressor wheel (an impeller) 3, a rotating shaft 4, bearings 5A and 5B, and a bearing housing 6. For example, the turbocharger 1 is mounted in an automobile or the like as an auxiliary machine of an engine in such a posture that the rotating shaft 4 extends in a horizontal direction. Here, the alternate long and short dash line shown in FIG. 1 indicates a central axis C of the rotating shaft 4.

(9) The bearing housing 6 is supported by a vehicle body or the like via a bracket (not shown), a compressor P, a turbine T, and so on. The bearing housing 6 has an opening 60b on one end side thereof and an opening 60a on the other end side thereof. The rotating shaft 4 is supported by the bearings 5A and 5B held by the bearing housing 6 to be rotatable around the central axis C. A first end 4a and a second end 4b of the rotating shaft 4 protrude to the outside of the bearing housing 6 through the openings 60a and 60b. That is, a part of the rotating shaft 4 in a longitudinal direction along the central axis C is accommodated in the bearing housing 6.

(10) The turbine T is provided on the second end 4b side of the bearing housing 6. The turbine T includes a turbine wheel 2 and a turbine housing 31 which accommodates the turbine wheel 2.

(11) The turbine wheel 2 is provided integrally with the second end 4b of the rotating shaft 4 and rotates around the central axis C integrally with the rotating shaft 4. The turbine wheel 2 has a plurality of turbine blades 2w in a circumferential direction.

(12) The turbine housing 31 is mounted on one end side of the bearing housing 6 via a mounting fixture 32. The turbine housing 31 has an opening 31a at a position facing the bearing housing 6. The turbine wheel 2 is accommodated in the opening 31a.

(13) The turbine housing 31 includes a gas introduction portion (not shown), a scroll flow path 34, and an exhaust portion 35.

(14) The gas introduction portion (not shown) delivers some of exhaust gas discharged from the engine (not shown) into the turbine housing 31.

(15) The scroll flow path 34 is continuously formed in the circumferential direction to be connected to the gas introduction portion (not shown) and to surround an outer circumferential side of the turbine wheel 2. The scroll flow path 34 is provided so that at least part thereof in the circumferential direction communicates with an outer circumferential portion of the turbine wheel 2 and forms a flow path through which the exhaust gas for rotationally driving the turbine wheel 2 flows.

(16) The exhaust gas flowing in from the gas introduction portion 33 flows on the outer circumferential side of the turbine wheel 2 along the scroll flow path 34 in the circumferential direction. The exhaust gas flowing in the circumferential direction in this way strikes the turbine blades 2w of the turbine wheel 2, and thus the turbine wheel 2 is rotationally driven. Further, as the exhaust gas strikes the turbine blades 2w on the outer circumferential side of the turbine wheel 2, a direction of a flow thereof is changed. The exhaust gas of which the direction of the flow is changed by the turbine blades 2w is discharged from an inner circumferential side of the turbine wheel 2 into the exhaust portion 35.

(17) The compressor P is provided on the first end 4a side of the bearing housing 6. The compressor P includes a compressor wheel 3 and a compressor casing 10.

(18) The compressor wheel 3 includes a disc 22 and a blade 23.

(19) The disc 22 has a disc shape extending outward in a radial direction, and an insertion hole 22h through which the rotating shaft 4 is inserted is formed in a center portion thereof. The disc 22 has a predetermined length in the central axis C direction and is fixed to the first end 4a of the rotating shaft 4. The disc 22 has a disc surface (surface) 22f on a first side (a left side in FIG. 1) in the central axis C direction. The disc surface 22f is formed by a curved surface which is gradually directed outward in the radial direction from a wheel inlet flow path 11 side on the first side in the central axis C direction to the bearing housing 6 side on the second side in the central axis C direction.

(20) A plurality of blades 23 are provided on the disc surface 22f at intervals in the circumferential direction around the central axis C.

(21) A thrust collar (collar) 50 is provided on the bearing housing 6 side of the compressor wheel 3. The thrust collar 50 has a cylindrical shape, and the rotating shaft 4 is inserted therethrough. As the thrust collar 50 collides with a stepped portion 4d formed on the rotating shaft 4 via an annular spacer 51, movement thereof toward the turbine wheel 2 in the central axis C direction is restricted.

(22) As a nut 7 is screwed onto a threaded portion 4n formed at the first end 4a of the rotating shaft 4, the compressor wheel 3 being sandwiched between the thrust collar 50 and the nut 7 and coupled to the rotating shaft 4.

(23) When the turbine wheel 2 rotates, such a compressor wheel 3 rotates around the central axis C integrally with the rotating shaft 4. The compressor wheel 3 raises a pressure and a temperature of air (intake air) with the blades 23 and delivers it outward in the radial direction.

(24) The compressor casing 10 forms the wheel inlet flow path 11, a wheel flow path 12, a diffuser 13, and a scroll 14.

(25) For example, the wheel inlet flow path 11 is formed between an intake pipe (not shown) extending from an air cleaner box or the like and the wheel flow path 12.

(26) The wheel flow path 12 is formed by a space for accommodating the compressor wheel 3. This wheel flow path 12 forms a flow path, through which compressed air flows, between the wheel flow path 12 and the disc 22 of the compressor wheel 3.

(27) The diffuser 13 extends outward from an outermost circumferential portion 12a of the wheel flow path 12 in the radial direction centering on the central axis C. The diffuser 13 converts, for example, kinetic energy of the air compressed by the compressor wheel 3 into pressure energy. The diffuser 13 connects the wheel inlet flow path 11 with the scroll 14.

(28) The scroll 14 further converts the kinetic energy of the air flowing in from the diffuser 13 into the pressure energy and discharges it to the outside of the compressor casing 10. The air discharged through the scroll 14 is supplied to a cylinder or the like of an engine (not shown). The scroll 14 extends in the circumferential direction centering on the central axis C. A cross-sectional area of the scroll 14 thus formed gradually enlarges toward an outlet port (not shown) of the compressor P.

(29) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a shape of a rear surface 22r of the disc 22 of the compressor wheel 3.

(30) As shown in FIG. 2, the disc 22 has the rear surface 22r on the second side in the central axis C direction. The rear surface 22r has a convex curved surface 25 which is convex toward the second side (the right side in FIGS. 1 and 2) in the central axis C in at least part thereof including the center portion of the disc 22. The convex curved surface 25 is formed on the rear surface 22r with a constant curvature radius centering on a position 25c offset to the disc surface 22f side on the first side (the right side in FIG. 2) in the central axis C direction.

(31) Further, on the rear surface 22r, a concave curved surface 27 which is concave toward the second side (the right side in FIG. 2) in the central axis C direction is continuously formed on a radially outer side of the convex curved surface 25. The concave curved surface 27 is formed on the rear surface 22r with a constant curvature radius centering on a position 27c offset to the turbine T (refer to FIG. 1) side.

(32) Such a compressor wheel 3 is provided so that the convex curved surface 25 of the rear surface 22r collides with the thrust collar 50.

(33) According to the compressor wheel 3 and the turbocharger 1 of the above-described embodiment, when the convex curved surface 25 is formed at least in the center portion of the rear surface 22r of the disc 22 of the compressor wheel 3, it is possible to secure a large radial thickness T of the disc 22 at a portion on which the convex curved surface 25 is formed. Thus, strength of the disc 22 can be enhanced.

(34) Further, the convex curved surface 25 can reduce a contact area with the thrust collar 50 which collides with the rear surface 22r of the disc 22, and thus local stress concentration at a contact portion with the thrust collar 50 can be prevented.

(35) Also, the thickness of an outer circumferential portion of the disc 22 in the central axis C direction can be minimized by forming the concave curved surface 27 on an outer circumferential side of the convex curved surface 25, and a mass of the outer circumferential portion of the disc 22 can be minimized. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize centrifugal stress due to a weight of the disc 22.

(36) In this way, it is possible to reduce the stress concentration on the rear surface 22r of the disc 22 and to improve reliability of the compressor wheel 3.

MODIFIED EXAMPLES OF THE EMBODIMENT

(37) In the above-described first embodiment, the rear surface 22r of the disc 22 has the convex curved surface 25 formed at the center portion thereof and the concave curved surface 27 formed at the outer circumferential side. However, the present invention is not limited to such a constitution.

(38) Hereinafter, a plurality of modified examples of the shape of the rear surface 22r of the disc 22 will be described.

First Modified Example

(39) FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the shape of the rear surface of the disc of the compressor wheel.

(40) As shown in FIG. 3, a contact plane 24 which is in contact with the thrust collar 50 is formed in the center portion of the rear surface 22r of the c 22. The contact plane 24 is a plane orthogonal to the central axis C.

(41) On the rear surface 22r of the disc 22, a convex curved surface 25 which is convex toward the second side (the right side in FIG. 4) in the central axis C direction is provided on an outer side of the contact plane 24 in the radial direction.

(42) Further, on the rear surface 22r, a concave curved surface 27 which is convex toward the first side (the right side in FIG. 3) in the central axis C direction is continuously formed on an outer side of the convex curved surface 25 in the radial direction.

(43) With such a configuration as well, the stress concentration on the rear surface 22r of the disc 22 can be reduced, and the reliability of the compressor wheel 3 can be enhanced.

Second Modified Example

(44) FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a second modified example of the shape of the rear surface of the disc of the compressor wheel.

(45) As shown in FIG. 4, the rear surface 22r of the disc 22 has a convex curved surface 25 which is convex toward the second side (the right side in FIGS. 1 and 2) in the central axis C direction at the center portion of the disc 22.

(46) Further, the rear surface 22r has an outer circumferential convex curved surface 26 which is continuous with an outer side of the convex curved surface 25 in the radial direction, is convex toward the second side (the right side in FIG. 4) in the central axis C direction and is formed with a curvature different from that of the convex curved surface 25.

(47) Furthermore, on the rear surface 22r, a concave curved surface 27 which is concave toward the second side (the right side in FIG. 4) in the central axis C direction is continuously formed on the outer side of the outer circumferential convex curved surface 26 in the radial direction.

(48) With such a configuration as well, the stress concentration on the rear surface 22r of the disc 22 can be reduced, and the reliability of the compressor wheel 3 can be enhanced.

Third Modified Example

(49) FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a third modified example of the shape of the rear surface of the disc of the compressor wheel.

(50) As shown in FIG. 5, the rear surface 22r of the disc 22 has a convex curved surface 25 which is convex toward the second side (the right side in FIG. 5) in the central axis C direction at the center portion of the disc 22.

(51) Also, on the rear surface 22r, a tapered surface 29 which extends continuously from an outer circumferential end 25s of the convex curved surface 25 in a tangential direction is formed on an outer side of the convex curved surface 25 in the radial direction.

(52) Furthermore, on the rear surface 22r, a concave curved surface 27 which is concave toward the second side (the right side in FIG. 5) in the central axis C direction is continuously formed on the outer side of the tapered surface 29 in the radial direction.

(53) With such a configuration as well, the stress concentration on the rear surface 22r of the disc 22 can be reduced, and the reliability of the compressor wheel 3 can be enhanced.

Other Embodiments

(54) The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the design can be changed without departing from the scope of the present invention.

(55) For example, the shape of the rear surface 22r of the disc 22 may be formed in shapes other than those exemplified in each of the above embodiment and modified examples. For example, the convex curved surface 25 can be formed not only with a constant curvature but also with a free curve, for example.

(56) Further, for the shape of the convex curved surface 25 on the outer side of the center portion of the rear surface 22r in the radial direction, it is possible to have shapes other than those exemplified in each of the above embodiment and modified examples.

(57) Further, for example, in the above-described embodiment, an open type impeller has been described as an example. However, the impeller is not limited to the open type impeller and may be a closed type impeller integrally including a cover portion, for example.

(58) In addition, the turbocharger 1 was illustrated as the rotary machine. However, the rotary machine including the impeller is not limited to the turbocharger and may be a centrifugal compressor or the like, for example. Also, the present invention is also applicable to an electric compressor without a turbine.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

(59) The present invention can be applied to an impeller, a rotary machine, and a turbocharger. According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the stress on the rear surface of the disc and to improve the reliability.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

(60) 1 Turbocharger (rotary machine) 2 Turbine wheel 2w Turbine blade 3 Compressor wheel (impeller) 4 Rotating shaft 4a First end 4b Second end 4d Stepped portion 4n Threaded portion 5A, 5B Bearing 6 Bearing housing 7 Nut 10 Compressor casing 11 Wheel inlet flow path 12 Wheel flow path 12a Outermost circumferential portion 13 Diffuser 14 Scroll 16 Bearing housing 22 Disc 22f Disc surface (surface) 22h Insertion hole 22r Rear surface 23 Blade 24 Contact plane 25 Convex curved surface 25c Position 25s Outer circumferential end 26 Outer circumferential convex curved surface 27 Concave curved surface 27c Position 29 Tapered surface 31 Turbine housing 31a Opening 32 Mounting fixture 33 Gas introduction portion 34 Scroll flow path 35 Exhaust portion 50 Thrust collar (collar) 51 Spacer 60a, 60b Opening C Central axis P Compressor T Turbine