Shifting device for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle transmission

Abstract

A shifting device for a motor vehicle is described, comprising a first coupling component which is adapted to be selectively rotationally coupled to a second coupling component with a form-fit. In an open state, the first coupling component is rotationally decoupled from the second coupling component. In a frictional fit state, the coupling components are rotationally coupled with a frictional fit via a first frictional fit ring and a second frictional fit ring. In a form-fit state, an actuating ring is rotationally coupled to the first coupling component and the second coupling component with a form-fit such that the latter are connected with a form-fit. A motor vehicle transmission, in particular a fully automatic stepped transmission having such a shifting device is additionally presented.

Claims

1. A shifting device for a motor vehicle, comprising: a first coupling component which is adapted to be selectively rotationally coupled to a second coupling component with a form-fit, a first frictional fit ring which is non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component so as to be displaceable along a ring central axis, a second frictional fit ring which is non-rotatably coupled to the first coupling component so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis, a third frictional fit ring which is non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis, and an actuating ring which is non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis, the first coupling component being rotationally decoupled from the second coupling component in an open state, the first frictional fit ring and the second frictional fit ring being rotationally coupled with a frictional fit in a frictional fit state, and the actuating ring being rotationally coupled with a form-fit to the first coupling component in a form-fit state, wherein a friction cone is provided on the first frictional fit ring and is adapted to be rotationally coupled with a frictional fit to a friction cone arranged on the second frictional fit ring, and wherein the actuating ring comprises an external toothing being splined to the second coupling component and an internal toothing being adapted to be coupled to the first coupling component.

2. The shifting device according to claim 1, wherein a centering face is provided on the second frictional fit ring and a mating centering face is provided on the third frictional fit ring, the centering face and the mating centering face cooperating to center the second frictional fit ring with respect to the ring central axis.

3. The shifting device according to claim 1, wherein the actuating ring has a completely circumferential rim portion which is widened in the direction of the ring central axis with respect to a centric portion, the actuating ring being non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis via the rim portion.

4. The shifting device according to claim 1, wherein a spring means acting in the direction of the open state is arranged axially between the third frictional fit ring and the actuating ring.

5. The shifting device according to claim 4, wherein in the open state, the spring means arranged between the third frictional fit ring and the actuating ring preloads the actuating ring against a stop provided on the third frictional fit ring.

6. The shifting device according to claim 4, wherein the spring means is an annular wave spring assembly.

7. The shifting device according to claim 1, characterized by an actuator which is operatively connected with the actuating ring and ensures that the latter is selectively transferred into an open position associated with the open state, a frictional fit position associated with the frictional fit state, and a form-fit position associated with the form-fit state.

8. The shifting device according to claim 7, wherein the open position, the frictional fit position and the form-fit position are adjacent along the ring central axis.

9. The shifting device according to claim 7, wherein the actuator is coupled to the actuating ring by means of an intermediate ring in the direction of the ring central axis.

10. The shifting device according to claim 7, wherein the third frictional fit ring is connected with the actuating ring and optionally with the actuator or with an intermediate ring cooperating with the actuator by means of a bayonet connector.

11. The shifting device according to claim 7, wherein an end of the actuator which is axial with respect to the ring central axis and which faces the actuating ring is configured so as to be resilient in the direction of the ring central axis.

12. The shifting device according to claim 7, wherein an intermediate ring is configured so as to be resilient in the direction of the ring central axis.

13. The shifting device according to claim 7, wherein the actuating ring is coupled to the actuator via a spring element separate from the actuator.

14. The shifting device according to claim 13, wherein the actuator is coupled to the third frictional fit ring via a second spring element being separate from the spring element by which the actuating ring is coupled to the actuator.

15. The shifting device according to claim 1, wherein both coupling components are shafts that are rotatable about the ring central axis or in that one of the coupling components is a shaft that is rotatable about the ring central axis and the other of the coupling components is a housing portion.

16. The shifting device according to claim 1, wherein the friction cones are coupled in the frictional fit state and/or in the form-fit state.

17. The shifting device according to claim 1, wherein the actuating ring is elastic.

18. The shifting device according to claim 17, wherein a first annular portion of the actuating ring extends over a first radius area and a central axis of the first annular portion substantially corresponds to the ring central axis, the first annular portion being elastically displaceable and/or bendable with respect to a second annular portion of the actuation ring which extends over a second radius area different from the first radius area, a central axis of the second annular portion substantially corresponding to the ring central axis.

19. A motor vehicle transmission, comprising a shifting device having: a first coupling component which is adapted to be selectively rotationally coupled to a second coupling component with a form-fit, a first frictional fit ring which is non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component so as to be displaceable along a ring central axis, a second frictional fit ring which is non-rotatably coupled to the first coupling component so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis, a third frictional fit ring which is non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis, and an actuating ring which is non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis, the first coupling component being rotationally decoupled from the second coupling component in an open state, the first frictional fit ring and the second frictional fit ring being rotationally coupled with a frictional fit in a frictional fit state, and the actuating ring being rotationally coupled with a form-fit to the first coupling component in a form-fit state, wherein a friction cone is provided on the first frictional fit ring and is adapted to be rotationally coupled with a frictional fit to a friction cone arranged on the second frictional fit ring, and wherein the actuating ring comprises an external toothing being splined to the second coupling component and an internal toothing being adapted to be coupled to the first coupling component.

20. A shifting device for a motor vehicle, comprising: a first coupling component which is adapted to be selectively rotationally coupled to a second coupling component with a form-fit, a first frictional fit ring which is non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component so as to be displaceable along a ring central axis, a second frictional fit ring which is non-rotatably coupled to the first coupling component so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis, a third frictional fit ring which is non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis, and an actuating ring which is non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis, the first coupling component being rotationally decoupled from the second coupling component in an open state, the first frictional fit ring and the second frictional fit ring being rotationally coupled with a frictional fit in a frictional fit state, and the actuating ring being rotationally coupled with a form-fit to the first coupling component in a form-fit state, wherein a first spring means is arranged between the first frictional fit ring and the third frictional fit ring and a second spring means is arranged between the third frictional fit ring and the actuating ring, the second spring means being arranged at least in sections radially within the first spring means and the second spring means being arranged at least in sections axially overlapping with the first spring means.

Description

(1) The invention is explained below with reference to different example embodiments which are shown in the accompanying drawings which illustrate:

(2) FIG. 1 a shifting device according to the invention and according to a first embodiment in an exploded view,

(3) FIG. 2 the shifting device according to the invention and according to the first embodiment in a longitudinal sectional view,

(4) FIG. 3 a detail of FIG. 2,

(5) FIG. 4 a shifting device according to the invention and according to a second embodiment in an exploded view,

(6) FIG. 5 the shifting device according to the invention and according to the second embodiment in a longitudinal sectional view,

(7) FIG. 6 a detail of FIG. 5,

(8) FIG. 7 a detail of FIG. 5, the cut extending in a slightly rotated plane compared with FIG. 6,

(9) FIG. 8 the shifting device according to the invention and according to the second embodiment in a perspective cut view,

(10) FIG. 9 the shifting device according to the invention and according to the second embodiment in another perspective view,

(11) FIG. 10 a shifting device according to the invention and according to a third embodiment in an exploded view,

(12) FIG. 11 the shifting device of FIG. 10 in a cut exploded view,

(13) FIG. 12 the shifting device according to the invention and according to the third embodiment in an open state and in a longitudinal sectional view,

(14) FIG. 13 the shifting device according to the invention and according to the third embodiment in a form-fit state in a longitudinal sectional view,

(15) FIG. 14 a shifting device according to the invention and according to a fourth embodiment in a longitudinal sectional view,

(16) FIG. 15 a detail of the shifting device of FIG. 14,

(17) FIG. 16 a further detail of the shifting device of FIG. 14 in an exploded view,

(18) FIG. 17 a shifting device according to the invention and according to a fifth embodiment in a longitudinal sectional view,

(19) FIG. 18 a detail of the shifting device of FIG. 17,

(20) FIG. 19 a further detail of the shifting device of FIG. 17 in an exploded view,

(21) FIG. 20 a preassembled assembly of a shifting device according to the invention and according to the fourth or the fifth embodiment,

(22) FIG. 21 a detail of the assembly of FIG. 20, and

(23) FIG. 22 the assembly of FIG. 20 in an intermediate state upon mounting.

(24) FIGS. 1 to 3 show a shifting device 10 according to a first embodiment which comprises a first coupling component 12 and a second coupling component 14.

(25) In the illustrated embodiment, both coupling components 12, 14 are shafts or shaft portions which are rotatable about a ring central axis 16.

(26) Furthermore, the shifting device 10 comprises a first frictional fit ring 18 which is non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component 14 so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis 16, a second frictional fit ring 20 which is non-rotatably coupled to the first coupling component 12 so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis 16, a third frictional fit ring 22 which is non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component 14 so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis 16, and an actuating ring 24 which is non-rotatably coupled to the second coupling component 14 so as to be displaceable along the ring central axis 16.

(27) To this end, the frictional fit rings 18, 20, 22 each have a toothing via which they are coupled to toothings 39 and 25 on the respective associated coupling component 12 and 14, respectively, having only axially extending teeth.

(28) A friction cone 26 is provided on the first frictional fit ring 18 and is adapted to be selectively rotationally coupled to a friction cone 28 arranged on the second frictional fit ring 20 with a frictional fit.

(29) Furthermore, a further friction cone 30 is provided on the second frictional fit ring 20, which is adapted to be rotationally coupled to a friction cone 32 arranged on the third frictional fit ring 22 with a frictional fit. Optionally, friction linings may be mounted to the frictional fit rings.

(30) A spring means 34 is furthermore arranged axially between the first frictional fit ring 18 and the third frictional fit ring 22. In the illustrated embodiment, it is an annular wave spring assembly.

(31) A further spring means 36 is provided axially between the third frictional fit ring 22 and the actuating ring 24. This spring means 36 is also configured as an annular wave spring assembly.

(32) The spring means 36 is here located at least in sections radially within the spring means 34.

(33) The actuating ring 24 comprises an external toothing 38 permanently coupled to the second coupling component 14, and an internal toothing 40 which is adapted to be selectively coupled to an external toothing 39 on the first coupling component 12.

(34) Both the internal toothing 40 and the external toothing 38 are configured as plane toothings. The same applies to the toothings on the first coupling component 12 and the second coupling component 14 cooperating therewith.

(35) The actuating ring 24 is further operatively connected with an actuator 42 which is a hydraulic cylinder in the illustrated embodiment.

(36) The actuator 42 operates in particular in a force-controlled manner.

(37) The actuating ring 24 can be transferred into an open position O illustrated in FIG. 3 by means of this actuator 42 onto which no force is applied in this state, and by means of the spring means 34, 36. This position corresponds to an open state of the shifting device 10 in which the first coupling component 12 is rotationally decoupled from the second coupling component 14.

(38) Starting from this open position O, the actuating ring 24 can be transferred into an frictional fit position R using the then actuated actuator 42.

(39) This position is shown in FIG. 3 only schematically and corresponds to a frictional fit state of the shifting device 10 in which the first frictional fit ring 18 and the second frictional fit ring 20 are rotationally coupled with a frictional fit.

(40) This is achieved by a coupling of the friction cones 26, 28.

(41) In the illustrated embodiment, the friction cones 30, 32 are additionally coupled with a frictional fit in the frictional fit state.

(42) The frictional fit position R of the actuating ring 24 is located along the ring central axis 16 adjacent to the open position O. In FIG. 3, the actuating ring 24 is thus slightly offset to the left.

(43) However, the internal toothing 40 is still spaced apart from an associated external toothing 39 of the first coupling component 12.

(44) The actuating ring 24 can also be transferred into a form-fit position F adjacent to the frictional fit position R by the actuator 42.

(45) In this position, the external toothing 38 of the actuating ring 24 is coupled to the second coupling component 14, and the internal toothing 40 is coupled to the first coupling component 12.

(46) On the basis of the frictional fit position R, the actuating ring 24 is thus shifted to the left in FIG. 3. The form-fit position F is thus adjacent to the frictional fit position R along the ring central axis 16.

(47) The form-fit position F corresponds to a form-fit state of the shifting device 10 in which the first coupling component 12 and the second coupling component 14 are rotationally coupled with a form-fit via the actuating ring 24.

(48) In the form-fit state F, the friction cones 26, 28 and the friction cones 30, 32 are additionally also coupled in pairs with a frictional fit.

(49) The spring means 34, 36 always counteract the displacement of the actuating ring 24 out of the open position O. In other words, they act in the direction of the open state of the shifting device 10.

(50) FIGS. 4 to 9 show a second embodiment of the shifting device 10. Merely the differences to the first embodiment are explained below.

(51) In this embodiment, the spring means 36 arranged between the third frictional fit ring 22 and the actuating ring 24 is preloaded against a stop 44 provided on the third frictional fit ring 22 in the open state of the shifting device 10 in which the actuating ring 24 is in the open position O (see FIG. 6).

(52) In the illustrated embodiment, this stop 44 is configured as a retaining ring which is placed in a groove of the third frictional fit ring 22.

(53) The internal toothing 40 further comprises two teeth rows 40a, 40b which are offset to each other along the ring central axis 16.

(54) The teeth row 40a turned towards the first coupling component 12 has a larger torsional flank clearance than the teeth row 40b turned away from the first coupling component 12.

(55) As seen in the direction of the ring central axis 16, the teeth of the two teeth rows 40a, 40b alternate at the circumference.

(56) A simple bringing into engagement of the internal toothing 40 with the associated external toothing on the first coupling component 12 is thus achieved.

(57) FIGS. 10 to 13 show a third example embodiment of the shifting device 10. Again, merely the differences to the first embodiment are explained.

(58) The third frictional fit ring 22 is here modified.

(59) In contrast to the first two embodiments, the latter does not have any friction cone 32.

(60) The further friction cone 30 on the second frictional fit ring 20 can then be omitted.

(61) Therefore, the third embodiment comprises altogether only two friction cones 26, 28.

(62) However, the third frictional fit ring 22 axially contacts the second frictional fit ring 20.

(63) Furthermore, an intermediate ring 46 is provided between the actuating ring 24 and the actuator 42 which is not illustrated in detail, and is rotationally coupled to the second coupling component 14 and the toothing 25 thereof via an external toothing 47.

(64) The intermediate ring 46 is displaceable along the ring central axis 16 with respect to the second coupling component 14.

(65) FIGS. 14 to 16 show a fourth example embodiment of the shifting device 10. In the explanation thereof, merely the differences to the third embodiment are illustrated.

(66) The actuating ring 24 now has a rim portion 24a which is widened with respect to a centric portion. The actuating ring 24 is coupled to the second coupling component 14 via this rim portion 24a.

(67) The rim portion 24a is completely circumferential with respect to the ring central axis 16.

(68) In comparison with the aforementioned embodiments, merely a low surface pressure is acting on the second coupling component 14.

(69) Furthermore, the third frictional fit ring 22 is again modified.

(70) It now comprises a mating centering face 22a which cooperates with a centering face 20a provided on the second frictional fit ring 20. The second frictional fit ring 20 is thus centered via the third frictional fit ring 22.

(71) Furthermore, an end 42a of the actuator 42 which faces the actuating ring 24 is configured in a resilient manner in the direction of the ring central axis 16.

(72) The end 42a further constitutes a lever arm which extends in the radial direction. On the basis of an actuation of the actuator 42, the actuating ring 24 is thus actuated via the resilient lever arm to reach the frictional fit position or the form-fit position.

(73) A fifth example embodiment which is shown in FIGS. 17 to 19 is explained below in comparison with the fourth embodiment.

(74) The actuator 42 now no longer has any resiliently configured end 42a, but is coupled to the third frictional fit ring 22 via the spring element 36.

(75) To this end, the actuator 42 engages through one ore more openings 24b which are provided in the actuating ring 24.

(76) An additional spring element 45 which is configured as a disk spring assembly is provided along the ring central axis 16 between the actuator 42 and the actuating ring 24.

(77) The third frictional fit ring 22 is coupled to the actuating ring 24 and the actuator 42 via a bayonet connector 43 both in the fourth and in the fifth embodiment (see also FIGS. 20 to 22).

(78) To this end, the bayonet connector 43 has a plurality of closing arms 43a which extend from the third frictional fit ring 22 and the ends of which that are turned away from the third frictional fit ring are provided with hook elements 43b which engage behind the actuating ring and/or the actuator in a direction which corresponds to the ring central axis.

(79) In the represented examples, the bayonet connector 43 is configured so as to act on both sides. Starting from one closing arm 43a, hook elements 43b are thus provided on both peripheral sides.

(80) The actuating disk 24 can be mounted to the third frictional fit ring in that the closing arms 43a engage through openings provided on the actuating disk 24 and a relative rotation of the actuating disk 24 with respect to the third frictional fit ring is carried out in a first direction of rotation 43c (see FIG. 22).

(81) The actuator 42 can then be mounted in that the closing arms 43a engage through recesses provided on the actuator 42 and the actuator 42 is swivelled in a second direction of rotation 43d with respect to the third frictional fit ring 22 (see FIGS. 20 and 21). In the represented example embodiments, the second direction of rotation 43d is opposite the first direction of rotation 43c.

(82) The third frictional fit ring 22, the actuating ring 24, the actuator 42 and optionally the spring element 45 generally constitute a preassembled unit.

(83) In all embodiments shown, the actuating ring 24 may be elastic to facilitate the meshing of the internal toothing 49 into the external toothing 39.

(84) An actuating force is applied onto the actuating ring 24 in a radially exterior region by the actuator 42 or the intermediate ring 46 for a shifting from the open state into the frictional fit state or the form-fit state. The actuating ring 24 is therefore deformed elastically such that a radius area arranged further inwards is elastically displaced and/or bent with respect to the actuating region.

(85) Though specific features are described only for one of the embodiments, these features can also be transferred individually or in groups to the other embodiments.

(86) In this context, the intermediate ring 46 can for example be transferred to the first, second, fourth or fifth embodiment, or the internal toothing 40 of the second embodiment can be transferred to the remaining embodiments.

(87) The actuation of the shifting device 10 is explained below jointly for all embodiments.

(88) Starting from the open state illustrated in FIGS. 3, 6, 12, 15 and 18 in which the first coupling component 12 is decoupled from the second coupling component 14 and the actuating ring 24 is in the open position O, the actuating ring 24 is displaced into the frictional fit position R in a force-controlled manner by the actuator 42.

(89) The friction cones 26, 28 are coupled to each other with a frictional fit.

(90) In the first and in the second embodiment, the friction cones 30, 32 are additionally brought into a frictional connection.

(91) The shifting device 10 is then in the frictional fit state.

(92) The coupling components 12, 14 which are shafts or shaft portions in all illustrated embodiments are synchronized with regard to their speed during this shifting operation.

(93) The force-controlled actuator 42 can apply a first force for the synchronization. After the completion thereof, the actuator 42 can than apply a higher second force by means of which the coupling with a frictional fit is produced.

(94) The spring means 34, 36 counteract the movement of the actuating ring 24 and of the frictional fit rings 18, 20, 22. The appropriate spring forces thus have to be overcome by the actuator 42 and, if necessary, by the spring element 45.

(95) The shifting device 10 can of course also be shifted under load.

(96) Starting from the frictional fit position R of the actuating ring 24, the latter can be further displaced against the spring forces of the spring means 34, 36 such that the internal toothing 40 comes into engagement with the associated external toothing 39 of the first coupling component 12.

(97) The shifting device 10 is then in the form-fit state, and the actuating ring is in the associated form-fit position F. The coupling components 12, 14 are then coupled with a form-fit.

(98) To decouple the coupling components 12, 14, the actuator 42 is switched so as to be inactive such that the actuating ring 24 is transferred to the open position O by the spring means 34, 36 via the frictional fit position R.

(99) The shifting device 10 transits into the open state via the frictional fit state.

(100) Shifting devices 10 according to all embodiments may be used in a motor vehicle transmission which is not illustrated in more detail. The latter is in particular a fully automatic stepped transmission.