METHOD OF RECOVERING FIBERS

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for recovering fibers from non-backed, backed and/or deformed carpet scraps and/or back-up material scraps of textile multi-layer composites, in particular of passenger compartment carpeting or luggage compartment carpeting in the field of automobile manufacture.

Claims

1. A method for recovering fibers from at least one of non-backed carpet scraps, backed carpet scraps, deformed carpet scraps, and back-up material scraps of textile multi-layer composites, the method comprising: cutting the scraps to a desired size, in a cutting device, in lengthwise and crosswise directions; shredding the cut scraps in a first shredding process with one or two roller feeds; roughly separating the fibers from dust and powder fractions; subjecting the separated fibers; subjecting the fibers to at least one continuous shredding process in a second shredding process; and employing the fibers obtained from the second shredding process to prepare one of non-woven fabrics and sound insulation components in automobile manufacture.

2. A method for recovering fibers from at least one of non-backed carpet scraps, backed carpet scraps, deformed carpet scraps, and back-up material scraps of textile multi-layer composites in automobile manufacture, the method comprising: feeding the scraps to one of a two- and four-cylinder feed of a roller feed, wherein the distance between the cylinders is adapted to the material employed; continuously supplying the coarsely comminuted scraps, after dosing, to at least one first roller feed; roughly separating, during comminution, the fibers from the dust and powder fractions; continuously supplying the separated fibers, after dosing and optionally storage, to at least one further shredding process; and employing the fibers obtained to prepare one of non-woven fabrics and sound insulation components in automobile manufacture.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of non-backed carpet scraps, backed carpet scraps deformed carpet scraps, and back-up material scraps of textile multi-layer composites are employed.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the separated fibers are one of wetted and vapor-treated.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the separated fibers are treated in an air-conditioned chamber.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising subjecting the separated fibers to interim storage after roughly separating the fibers from dust and powder fractions.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of non-backed carpet scraps, backed carpet scraps, deformed carpet scraps, and back-up material scraps of textile multi-layer composites are from at least one of passenger compartment carpeting and luggage compartment carpeting in automobile manufacture.

8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the scraps fed to the one of the two- and four-cylinder feed of the roller feed are subjected to interim storage.

9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one of non-backed carpet scraps, backed carpet scraps deformed carpet scraps, and back-up material scraps of textile multi-layer composites are employed.

10. The method according to claim 2, wherein the separated fibers are one of wetted and vapor-treated.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the separated fibers are treated in an air-conditioned chamber.

12. The method according to claim 3, wherein the separated fibers am one of wetted and vapor-treated.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the separated fibers are treated in an air-conditioned chamber.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] The present disclosure is illustrated and described herein with reference to the various drawings, in which like reference numbers are used to denote like system components/method steps, as appropriate, and in which:

[0048] FIG. 1 shows the method according to the invention in the first embodiment;

[0049] FIG. 2 shows the method according to the invention in another embodiment with preliminary comminution and preliminary opening;

[0050] FIG. 3 illustrates the material structure of the contour trimming scraps in the production of passenger compartment carpeting after the deformation of the multi-layer composite and its punching cut;

[0051] FIG. 4 illustrates a segment of a floor carpet insulation with separate fibers reused in the production thereof; and

[0052] FIG. 5 Illustrates separate fibers reused in the production of a passenger compartment carpeting insulation in a fiber flocking method.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0053] It is the object of the invention to provide a method for recovering fibers from non-backed, backed and deformed passenger compartment carpeting or luggage compartment carpeting scraps, especially from motor vehicles; and to reuse them predominantly in Industrial products, especially non-wovens (airlaid web, needle-punched web, Struto web) and insulations (pads, non-woven shaped parts, fiber flock components).

[0054] The method according to the invention is to enable the reutilization of fibers from carpet and back-up material scraps (contour trimming scrap) after backing and deformation to passenger compartment carpeting or luggage compartment carpeting in automobile manufacture, and the reuse thereof mainly in non-woven materials and sound-insulation components.

[0055] In a first embodiment of the invention, the above mentioned object is achieved by a method for recovering fibers from non-backed, backed and/or deformed carpet scraps and/or back-up material scraps of textile multi-layer composites, in particular of passenger compartment carpeting or luggage compartment carpeting in automobile manufacture, characterized in that

1. the scraps are cut to a desired size, especially at least 100100 mm.sup.2, by cutting in a cutting device in the lengthwise and crosswise directions;
2. the cut scraps are disintegrated in a first shredding process with one or two roller feeds;
3. the fibers are roughly separated from the dust and powder fractions;
4. the separated fibers are subjected to dosage and optionally storage;
5. the fibers are optionally wetted or vapor-treated, especially treated in an air-conditioned chamber;
6. the fibers are subjected to at least one second continuous shredding process; and
7. the fibers obtained are employed for preparing non-woven fabrics or sound insulation components in automobile manufacture.

[0056] With the method according to the invention, it is possible to reutilize the fibers from carpet and back-up material scraps (contour trimming scraps) after backing and deformation into passenger compartment carpeting and luggage compartment carpeting in automobile manufacture, and to reuse them mainly in non-woven materials and sound-Insulation components.

[0057] FIG. 1 shows the method according to the invention in the first embodiment.

[0058] The trimming and punching scraps from the non-backed, backed and/or deformed carpet scraps and/or back-up material scraps of textile multi-layer composites, in particular of passenger compartment carpeting or luggage compartment carpeting in automobile manufacture, are laid onto a supporting table of the shredder in different sizes. There may be very large weight variations of the charge in terms of the thickness (mm) and the fiber orientation of the material (MD/CD).

[0059] When a roller feed is used here instead of a tray feed, the feed geometry to the shredding roller is larger. [For a roller diameter of 104 mm, for example, the free distance for the fiber composites is about 52 mm, clamping point to the shredding roller.] This creates more space for the materials irrespective of lengthwise or crosswise feeding, and the thickness.

[0060] Thus, a better material dosage, such as an amount of material subject to the 1st shredding roller, for the 1st shredding roller is obtained.

[0061] Metallic card clothing (fitting), which are preferably present on the feed rollers, also have the advantage of a corresponding holdback force. This prevents so-called passers, i.e., long pieces, from being drawn in without control.

[0062] The feed rollers can be adjusted with respect to one another (gap distance) depending on the material, and varied in terms of distance to the 1st shredding roller. This can be done mechanically or through setting motors.

[0063] It is also important to mount a roller preferably in spring bearings (to the top) in order to compensate for non-uniformities of the charged material.

[0064] As with these systems of feeding, security measures can be effected with metal monitoring and mechanical overload control.

[0065] Preferably, the fibers are wetted or vapor-treated, or treated in an air-conditioned chamber, before the 2nd shredding.

[0066] In a concept with three shredding rollers without preliminary comminution of the charged material, the design according to FIG. 1 is to be preferably provided.

[0067] The advantage thereof will be the ability to better adjust the rollers 2 and 3. The distance of the tray to the shredding rollers 2 and 3 becomes closer. The quality is clearly improved thereby.

[0068] This is also associated with the fact that the proportion of materials that cannot be used below the feed (1st shredder) is not incorporated into the process (plastic, wood and the like).

[0069] Then, predominantly dust will be obtained below the roller feeds of shredders 2 and 3.

[0070] In FIG. 2, the method according to the invention is described in another embodiment with preliminary comminution and preliminary opening.

[0071] The trimming and punching scraps obtained from the non-backed, backed and/or deformed carpet scraps and/or back-up material scraps of textile multi-layer composites, in particular of passenger compartment carpeting or luggage compartment carpeting in automobile manufacture, are charged depending on the quality of a cutting plant. The cutting process is performed in both lengthwise and crosswise directions. Thus, defined pieces with an optimized size are obtained, especially of at least 100100 mm.sup.2. The distances between the cutting knives may be either constant or variable.

[0072] Through a conveyor belt, the cut material is transported into an interim storage, which includes, for example, an upright spiked lattice and a shaft with adjustable width comprising discharge cylinders and an underlying belt.

[0073] From the conveyor belt, the material is conveyed to the roller feed of the 1st shredder. The 1st shredder takes the material, which has been better disintegrated by now, through a condenser into a dosing shaft with a subsequent belt weigher.

[0074] The belt weigher now adopts the function of quantity monitoring per unit time or quantity. This ensures that a defined quantity Is always available for the 2nd shredder. Here too, the fibers are preferably wetted or vapor-treated, or treated in an air-conditioned chamber, before the 2nd shredding.

[0075] A uniform production provides for a constant fiber opening and thus a constant quality.

[0076] Also, this system can then be better adapted to the different starting qualities.

[0077] With the separation of preliminary opening and fine opening, the mechanical settings can be better adapted. The drive and the power consumption can be chosen smaller. The fitting of the roller pins can be optimized accordingly, i.e., the pre-shredding quality can be selectively influenced in accordance with the structure of the material to be opened.

[0078] Also, the design of this concept as a continuous system, i.e., a continuous fiber passage through the plant, is possible.

[0079] In this case too, the belt weigher controls the whole system. A precondition for this is to design the feeds and, in an ideal case, also the shredding rollers 2 and 3 to be controllable in terms of drive. Then, the length of the shredded fibers can be influenced selectively.

[0080] Thus, the essential core of the present invention resides on the one hand in the provision of a method for separating a compressed, bonded and in part coated fiber material from textile material composites (passenger compartment carpeting and luggage compartment carpeting) and on the other hand in the reprocessing/further processing of the high quality fiber materials, for example, into non-wovens (airlaid web, needle-punched web, Struto web) and insulations (pads, non-woven shaped parts, fiber flock components).

[0081] The advantages reside, in particular, in the saving of new raw materials/materials, the energy saving, and a lower load on the environment.

[0082] In addition, the cost is clearly reduced as compared to the prior art, both in terms of components and personnel.

[0083] If the thermal recycling (combustion) is also taken into account, an almost complete utilization of scraps is possible.

[0084] The contour trimming scraps in the production of passenger compartment carpeting after the deformation of the multi-layer composite and its punching cut consists, for example, of the following material structure, which is shown in FIG. 3:

[0085] 560 g/m.sup.2 PET carpet, bonded with 20% BiCo (bicomponent) fiber, a PE/PA/PE sheet (100 m) and a recycling sandwich substrate non-woven (900 g/m.sup.2, PET/PP/BiCo).

[0086] The shredding was performed by applying the method according to the invention according to FIG. 2 with preliminary comminution and preliminary opening.

[0087] Because of the comminution of the charged scraps, a good setting for the process could be found after the 1st shredder.

[0088] The materials leaving the dosing shaft could be fed through the belt weigher into the shredders 2 and 3 in a defined way.

[0089] The belt weigher controlled the production.

[0090] When the weight on the belt weigher deviates + or (within limits of 50%, for example), the feed is accordingly regulated up or down.

[0091] The feedback control system was designed so that the upstream systems also adapted to the speeds.

[0092] The thus separated fibers (see FIG. 3) were reused in the production of a floor carpet insulation in a fiber flocking method. A segment of this insulation can be seen in FIG. 4.

[0093] The insulation was examined according to the specifications of the automobile industry; including TVOC, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, smell, fogging, mechanical and thermal requirements.

[0094] All requirements were met!

[0095] Another test was performed with the following material structure: 560 g/m.sup.2 PET carpet, 120 g/m.sup.2 latex, 120 g/m.sup.2 PE coating and a recycling sandwich substrate non-woven (900 g/m.sup.2, PET/PP/BiCo).

[0096] It was clearly noted that the latex was also separated from the fibers by the method according to the invention. It flowed out in the form of particles.

[0097] Here too, the fibers (FIG. 5) were reused in the production of a passenger compartment carpeting insulation in a fiber flocking method.

[0098] All tests met the specifications of the automobile industry. It is to be pointed out that the emission values were observed despite the latex bonding of the carpet.