CONTINUOUS STEEL CASTING METHOD

Abstract

In the continuous steel casting method of the present invention, a gap between strand support rolls with a strand in a rectangular shape interposed therebetween is increased toward a downstream side in a casting direction to thereby bulge the strand having an unsolidified layer thereinside such that the thickness between long-side surfaces of the strand increases within the range of 0.1% or more and 10% or less of the thickness of the strand inside a mold. A portion of the strand in which the solid phase fraction in a central portion of the strand is within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9 satisfies a prescribed total rolling reduction and a prescribed reduction gradient, and a portion of the strand in which the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.9 or more satisfies a prescribed total rolling reduction and a prescribed reduction gradient.

Claims

1. A continuous steel casting method, wherein, during continuous casting of steel, a gap between strand support rolls facing each other with a strand in a rectangular shape interposed therebetween is increased toward a downstream side in a casting direction to thereby bulge the strand having an unsolidified layer thereinside such that a thickness between long-side surfaces of the strand increases within the range of 0.1% or more and 10% or less of the thickness of the strand inside a mold, and wherein, when the long-side surfaces of the bulged strand are rolled by a plurality of guide rolls, a total rolling reduction and a reduction gradient satisfy formulas (1) and (2) below when a solid phase fraction in a central portion of the strand is within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9, and the total rolling reduction and the reduction gradient satisfy formulas (3) and (4) below when the solid phase fraction in the central portion of the strand is within the range of 0.9 or more:
0.5R.sub.t1/D.sub.01.0,(1)
0.5R.sub.g13.0,(2)
0.2R.sub.t2/D.sub.01.0,(3)
0.1R.sub.g21.5,(4) where R.sub.t1: the total rolling reduction (mm) of the strand when the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9, D.sub.0: the amount of bulging (mm) of the strand, R.sub.g1: the reduction gradient (mm/m) of the strand when the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9, R.sub.t2: the total rolling reduction (mm) of the strand when the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.9 or more, and R.sub.g2: the reduction gradient (mm/m) of the strand when the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.9 or more.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration showing a continuous casting machine to which a continuous steel casting method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

[0022] FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic illustration showing a soft reduction segment in the continuous casting machine.

[0023] FIG. 3 is a side view of soft reduction segments in a plane perpendicular to a conveying direction.

[0024] FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration showing a strand.

[0025] FIG. 5 shows an example of a roll gap in accordance with aspects of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0026] In the continuous steel casting method according to aspects of the present invention, a gap between strand support rolls facing each other with a strand in a rectangular shape interposed therebetween is increased toward a downstream side in a casting direction to thereby bulge the strand having an unsolidified layer thereinside such that a thickness between long-side surfaces of the strand increases within the range of 0.1% or more and 10% or less of the thickness of the strand inside a mold. When the long-side surfaces of the bulged strand are rolled by a plurality of guide rolls, a total rolling reduction and a reduction gradient satisfy formulas (1) and (2) below when a solid phase fraction in a central portion of the strand is within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9, and the total rolling reduction and the reduction gradient satisfy formulas (3) and (4) below when the solid phase fraction in the central portion of the strand is within the range of 0.9 or more:

0.5R.sub.t1/D.sub.01.0,(1)

0.5R.sub.g13.0,(2)

0.2R.sub.t2/D.sub.01.0,(3)

0.1R.sub.g21.5(4)

where R.sub.t1: the total rolling reduction (mm) of the strand when the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9, D.sub.0: the amount of bulging (mm) of the strand, R.sub.g1: the reduction gradient (mm/m) of the strand when the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9, R.sub.t2: the total rolling reduction (mm) of the strand when the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.9 or more, and R.sub.g2: the reduction gradient (mm/m) of the strand when the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.9 or more.

[0027] An example of a continuous steel casting method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 3, the casting direction is indicated by an arrow.

[0028] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration showing a continuous casting machine 1 to which the continuous steel casting method according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied. As shown in FIG. 1, the continuous casting machine 1 includes a tundish 3 into which molten steel 2 is poured from a molten steel ladle, a copper-made mold 5 that cools the molten steel 2 poured from the tundish 3 through a submerged nozzle 4, and a plurality of segments 7 that convey a semi-solidified strand 6 withdrawn from the mold 5. The semi-solidified strand 6 includes thereinside an unsolidified layer 6a.

[0029] FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic illustration of a segment 7 in the continuous casting machine 1, and FIG. 3 is a side view of the segments 7 in a plane perpendicular to the conveying direction of the strand 6. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the segments 7 include driving rolls 8 that apply a pressing force to the strand 6 and guide rolls 9. Each of the guide rolls is fixed to an upper frame 11 or a lower frame 12 through a bearing 10. The upper frame 11 and the lower frame 12 are supported by an upstream strut 13 and a downstream strut 14. The driving rolls and the guide rolls are collectively referred to as strand support rolls. The strand support rolls are disposed at positions facing each other with the strand 6 interposed therebetween.

[0030] Since the upper frame 11 and the lower frame 12 are supported by the upstream strut 13 and the downstream strut 14, the upstream strut 13 and the downstream strut 14 determine the amount of soft reduction applied to the strand 6 by the segments 7 as a whole. Since each of the plurality of guide rolls 9 is fixed to the upper frame 11 or the lower frame 12 through a corresponding bearing as described above, the gap between the upper guide rolls and the lower guide rolls can be adjusted by extending or contracting the length of the struts using, for example, a worm jack. By setting the roll gap of a segment to be larger than the roll gap of a segment immediately upstream thereof, the amount of bulging can be set. By setting the gap between guide rolls in the upstream side to be larger than the gap between guide rolls in the downstream side, a soft reduction gradient can be set.

[0031] In the method according to aspects of the present invention, to prevent internal cracking and the porosity formation in the strand, the gap D1 between the strand support rolls facing each other with the strand 6 interposed therebetween is increased toward the downstream side in the casting direction. Therefore, the strand 6 in a rectangular shape having the unsolidified layer 6a thereinside is bulged such that the thickness T1 between the long-side surfaces of the strand 6 increases within the range of from 0.1% to 10% of the thickness T2 of the strand in the mold 5. FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration showing the strand 6 (a perspective view of the strand 6), and a surface S2 of the strand 6 in the mold 5, the thickness T2 of the strand 6 in the mold 5, a long-side surface S1 of the strand 6, and the thickness T1 between the long-side surfaces of the strand 6 are shown with their symbols. The bulging in accordance with aspects of the present invention is intentional building and is hereinafter referred to simply as bulging. The reason that the amount of bulging is set to 0.1% or more is that 0.1% is an estimate of the minimum necessary amount of bulging necessary to prevent an excessively large load from being applied to the strand, and the reason that the amount of bulging is set to 10% or less is to prevent excessive internal strain caused by the intentional bulging to thereby prevent internal cracking. The intentional bulging is started at a point where the solid phase fraction in the central portion is 0 and is stopped when the amount of bulging reaches a prescribed amount that is within the range of from 0.1% to 10% (preferably from 1% to 5%) of the thickness of the strand in the mold. Preferably, the bulging is stopped in a region in which the solid phase fraction in the central portion is less than 0.1.

[0032] After the bulging of the strand, the long-side surfaces of the strand are rolled using a plurality of guide rolls. In this case, a portion of the strand in which the solid phase fraction in the thicknesswise central portion of the strand is 0.2 or more and less than 0.9 is rolled using guide rolls by an amount of 50% or more and 100% or less of the amount of bulging. The solid phase fraction in the thicknesswise central portion of the strand (hereinafter referred to simply as the solid phase fraction in the central portion or the solid phase fraction) is the solid phase fraction on a center line in the thickness direction in the strand excluding widthwise edges and may be typified by the solid phase fraction in a portion at the widthwise center (and the thicknesswise center) of the strand. By setting the rolling reduction in the portion in which the solid phase fraction in the central portion is 0.2 or more and less than 0.9 to 50% or more of the amount of bulging, the center segregation in the strand due to the flow of the molten steel in the final stage of solidification can be reduced. By setting the rolling reduction to 100% or less of the amount of bulging, a solidifying shell in fully solidified short-side portions is not rolled, and a rolling load when a portion in which the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.9 or more is rolled can be reduced. By setting the reduction gradient within the range of 0.5 to 3.0 mm/m, the strand can be rolled at an appropriate rolling rate, and the center segregation can be effectively reduced. Specifically, in the portion in which the solid phase fraction in the central portion is 0.2 or more and less than 0.9, the operation is performed such that formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied.

0.5R.sub.t1/D.sub.01.0(1)

0.5R.sub.g13.0(2)

[0033] Here, R.sub.t1: the total rolling reduction (mm) of the strand when the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9, D.sub.0: the amount of bulging (mm) of the strand, and R.sub.g1: the reduction gradient (mm/m) of the strand when the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9.

[0034] When the solid phase fraction is in the range of 0.9 or more, the strand is rolled using guide rolls by an amount of 20% or more and 100% or less of the amount of bulging. By setting the reduction gradient within the range of 0.1 to 1.5 mm/m, the porosity can be effectively reduced while an excessive load is not applied to the segments. Specifically, in the portion in which the solid phase fraction in the central portion is within the range of 0.9 or more, the operation is performed such that formulas (3) and (4) are satisfied. The rolling may be continued after the solid phase fraction in the central portion has reached 1.0. However, the rolling is finished such that the total rolling reduction is within the range defined by formula (3).

0.2R.sub.t2/D.sub.01.0(3)

0.1R.sub.g21.5(4)

[0035] Here, R.sub.t2: the total rolling reduction (mm) of the strand when the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.9 or more, D.sub.0: the amount of bulging (mm) of the strand, and R.sub.g2: the reduction gradient (mm/m) of the strand when the solid phase fraction is within the range of 0.9 or more.

[0036] In the operation of the continuous casting, the effects according to aspects of the present invention can be obtained so long as the operation is performed while the above operating conditions are satisfied. It is more preferable that the operating conditions are controlled such that they fall within the above ranges.

[0037] The solid phase fraction in the central portion can be determined in advance by heat transfer-solidification analysis. In the heat transfer-solidification analysis, numerical computations may be performed using, for example, an enthalpy method described in Non Patent Literature 1. The accuracy of the heat transfer-solidification analysis was checked in advance by a method such as a rivet pin shooting test, the measurement of surface temperature, or the measurement of the solid phase fraction using ultrasonic waves and was found to be sufficient for embodying aspects of the present invention. The solidification completion point can vary during casting. However, by setting the range of the soft reduction by the guide rolls to be wide, the portion in which the solid phase fraction is 0.9 or less can be prevented from being located outside the rolling reduction range.

EXAMPLES

[0038] Examples of the continuous steel casting method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.

[0039] A slab continuous casting machine of the same type as the slab continuous casting machine in FIG. 1 was used to perform a test in which low-carbon aluminum-killed steel was subjected to continuous casting. Main components of the steel are C:

[0040] 0.03 to 0.2% by mass, Si: 0.05 to 0.5% by mass, Mn: 0.8 to 1.8% by mass, P: less than 0.02% by mass, and S: less than 0.005% by mass. As for the size of the strand, the thickness is 250 mm to 300 mm, and the width is 1900 to 2100 mm. The withdrawal speed of the strand is 0.9 to 1.4 m/min. The rolling segments include a pair of driving rolls and guide rolls, and the length of one segment is 2 m. FIG. 5 shows an example of the roll gap in the Examples.

[0041] Tables 1 and 2 show casting conditions 1 to 11 in the continuous steel casting method according to the embodiment of the present invention and data on the measurement of the degree of center segregation, porosity, internal cracking, and surface flaws in cast slabs. For comparison, the casting test was conducted under conditions 12 to 20 outside the ranges according to aspects of the present invention.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Thickness Width Distance Distance of strand of strand D.sub.0 R.sub.t1 R.sub.g1 R.sub.t2 R.sub.g2 R.sub.t1/ R.sub.t2/ at which fs = at which fs = Conditions (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm/m) (mm) (mm/m) D.sub.0 D.sub.0 0.2 (m) 0.9 (m) Remarks 1 250 2000 6.0 5.0 0.83 5.0 0.33 0.8 0.8 20.0 24.2 Present invention 2 250 2000 6.5 4.0 1.00 6.0 0.40 0.6 0.9 22.0 25.5 Present invention 3 250 1900 9.2 8.0 1.00 4.5 0.30 0.9 0.5 21.5 24.8 Present invention 4 250 1900 8.0 7.8 0.98 7.0 0.47 1.0 0.9 21.5 24.8 Present invention 5 250 1900 9.2 8.0 1.00 9.0 0.60 0.9 1.0 21.8 25.2 Present invention 6 250 1900 8.0 4.0 0.50 4.5 0.30 0.5 0.6 21.9 25.1 Present invention 7 250 2000 6.5 5.0 0.63 1.6 0.11 0.8 0.2 22.0 25.5 Present invention 8 250 2000 20.0 11.0 1.38 19.0 1.27 0.6 1.0 21.5 24.8 Present invention 9 300 2000 8.1 7.0 0.88 6.0 0.40 0.9 0.7 28.5 32.2 Present invention 10 300 2100 25.0 23.0 2.88 10.0 0.67 0.9 0.4 29.0 31.5 Present invention 11 300 2100 8.2 8.0 1.00 5.5 0.37 1.0 0.7 29.5 31.5 Present invention 12 250 2000 4.0 4.0 1.00 0.0 0.00 1.0 0.0 21.0 24.2 Comparative Example 13 250 2000 3.2 4.0 0.67 12.0 0.80 1.3 3.8 18.0 22.2 Comparative Example 14 250 2000 25.0 15.0 2.50 24.0 1.60 0.6 1.0 18.0 22.2 Comparative Example 15 250 2000 6.2 10.0 5.00 5.0 0.33 1.6 0.8 19.5 23.0 Comparative Example 16 300 2000 5.8 1.5 0.25 4.0 0.27 0.3 0.7 28.5 31.8 Comparative Example 17 250 2000 8.0 3.0 0.38 7.0 0.47 0.4 0.9 21.5 23.5 Comparative Example 18 300 2000 15.0 30.0 3.75 25.0 1.67 2.0 1.7 29.2 32.6 Comparative Example 19 250 1900 20.0 32.0 4.00 32.0 2.13 1.6 1.6 21.2 24.0 Comparative Example 20 300 1900 10.0 31.0 3.88 26.0 1.73 3.1 2.6 29.2 32.6 Comparative Example D.sub.0: Amount of bulging of strand R.sub.t1: Total rolling reduction of strand when solid phase fraction is 0.2 or more and less than 0.9 R.sub.g1: Reduction gradient of strand when solid phase fraction is 0.2 or more and less than 0.9 R.sub.t2: Total rolling reduction of strand when solid phase fraction is 0.9 or more R.sub.g2: Reduction gradient of strand when solid phase fraction is 0.9 or more fs: Solid phase fraction

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Degree of center Condi- segregation Internal Surface tions (Cmax/C.sub.0) Porosity cracking flaws Remarks 1 1.042 None None None Present invention 2 1.039 None None None Present invention 3 1.046 None None None Present invention 4 1.046 None None None Present invention 5 1.041 None None None Present invention 6 1.052 None None None Present invention 7 1.042 None None None Present invention 8 1.038 None None None Present invention 9 1.055 None None None Present invention 10 1.040 None None None Present invention 11 1.063 None None None Present invention 12 1.052 Yes None None Comparative Example 13 1.065 None Yes Yes Comparative Example 14 1.062 None Yes Yes Comparative Example 15 1.103 None Yes None Comparative Example 16 1.112 None None None Comparative Example 17 1.103 Yes Yes None Comparative Example 18 1.120 None Yes Yes Comparative Example 19 1.105 None Yes Yes Comparative Example 20 1.103 None Yes Yes Comparative Example

[0042] To measure the degree of center segregation, the following method was used. The concentration of carbon (% by mass) in a central portion of a cross section of a slab was analyzed in the thickness direction. The maximum value of the carbon concentration was denoted as Cmax, and the average carbon concentration (i.e., the carbon concentration in molten steel) was denoted as C.sub.0. Cmax/C.sub.0 was defined as the degree of center segregation. Specifically, in this definition, the closer the degree of center segregation is to 1, the lower the center segregation. When the degree of center segregation was 1.10 or more, the center segregation was judged to be poor, and a poor rating was given. Porosity in the strand were judged as follows. A thicknesswise central portion of the slab before rolling was subjected to ultrasonic flaw detection. When porosity with a pore diameter of 2 mm or more was found, the slab was judged to have porosity, and a poor rating was given.

[0043] In conditions 1 to 11, all the total rolling reduction and the reduction gradient were within the ranges according to aspects of the present invention. As is clear from the measurement data in Table 2, in conditions 1 to 11 falling within the ranges according to aspects of the present invention, the degree of center segregation was low (less than 1.10). Moreover, no porosity and no internal cracking were found, and no surface flows were found.

[0044] In conditions 12 performed as comparative conditions, the casting was performed under the conditions in which rolling was not performed when the solid phase fraction was within the range of 0.9 or more. Since all the total rolling reduction and the reduction gradient of the strand when the solid phase fraction was within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9 were within the ranges according to aspects of the present invention, the degree of center segregation was low, but porosity was formed. In conditions 13, rolling was performed when the solid phase fraction was within the range of 0.9 or more. The total rolling reduction when the solid phase fraction was within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9 and also the total rolling reduction when the solid phase fraction was within the range of 0.9 or more were larger than the ranges according to aspects of the present invention. Therefore, although no porosity was formed, the total rolling reduction was large, and the strain applied to the strand was excessively large, so that internal cracking and surface flaws occurred in part of the strand. In conditions 14, as in conditions 13, the rolling was performed when the solid phase fraction was within the range of 0.9 or more. However, the reduction gradient was larger than the range according to aspects of the present invention. Therefore, although no porosity was formed, internal cracking and surface flows occurred in part of the strand. In conditions 15, the total rolling reduction and the reduction gradient of the strand when the solid phase fraction was within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9 were higher than the ranges according to aspects of the present invention. Therefore, it is considered that an appropriate rolling rate was not applied, so that the degree of center segregation was higher than that in the Examples of the present invention. In conditions 16 and 17, the total rolling reduction and the reduction gradient of the strand when the solid phase fraction was within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9 were lower than the ranges according to aspects of the present invention. Therefore, the degree of center segregation was higher than that in the Examples of the present invention. In conditions 18, 19, and 20, the total rolling reduction and the reduction gradient of the strand when the solid phase fraction was within the range of 0.9 or more and the total rolling reduction and the reduction gradient of the strand when the solid phase fraction was within the range of 0.2 or more and less than 0.9 were out of the ranges according to aspects of the present invention. Therefore, the center segregation was high. Although no porosity was formed, the strain applied to the strand was excessively high, and therefore internal cracking and surface flaws occurred.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

[0045] 1 continuous casting machine [0046] 2 molten steel [0047] 3 tundish [0048] 4 submerged nozzle [0049] 5 mold [0050] 6 strand [0051] 6a unsolidified layer [0052] 7 segment [0053] 8 driving roll [0054] 9 guide roll [0055] 10 bearing [0056] 11 upper frame [0057] 12 lower frame [0058] 13 upstream strut [0059] 14 downstream strut [0060] D1 gap between strand support rolls [0061] S1 long-side surface of strand [0062] S2 surface of strand in mold [0063] T1 thickness between long-side surfaces of strand [0064] T2 thickness of strand in mold