Detectable sponges for use in medical procedures and methods of making, packaging, and accounting for same

Abstract

Sponges suitable for use in medical procedures may include radio-opaque material, and arranged to allow individual sponges in a set, packet or package of sponges to be readily discernable using imaging technology (e.g., X-ray) to allow accurate counting of sponges. The sponges may include wireless transponders, for instance LC resonant and/or RFID transponders. Gauze or similar material is folded to enhance the ability to count the sponges. Sponges are counted and banded or packaged to provide assurance that the count is accurate.

Claims

1. A sponge, comprising: an elongated strip of gauze longitudinally folded in on itself to form at least four longitudinal panels which overlap with one another, including a first outer panel, a second outer panel and at least two inner panels located interposed between the first outer panel and the second outer panel, wherein the at least two inner panels include a first inner panel longitudinally adjacent to the first outer panel, and a second inner panel longitudinally adjacent to the second outer panel; a first radio-opaque material supported on one of the at least two inner panels; and a second radio-opaque material supported on another of the at least two inner panels, such that the first radio-opaque material and the second radio-opaque material are always supported on differing inner panels.

2. The sponge of claim 1, wherein the first radio-opaque material is a first radio-opaque thread woven into the gauze.

3. The sponge of claim 1, wherein the first radio-opaque material is a first radio-opaque thread attached to a face of the gauze.

4. The sponge of claim 1, wherein the first radio-opaque material is a first radio-opaque thread attached to a face of the first inner panel that faces the first outer panel and the second radio-opaque material is a second radio-opaque thread attached to a face of the second inner panel that faces the second outer panel.

5. The sponge of claim 1 wherein, in a pre-folded configuration, the piece of gauze has a left-most portion and a right-most portion with respect to a centerline that traverses a width of the gauze along a longitudinal length thereof, and in a folded configuration, the left-most portion of the piece of gauze is immediately adjacent the right-most portion of the piece of gauze with respect to a thickness of the sponge.

6. The sponge of claim 1, further comprising: a transponder attached to the gauze.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar elements or acts. The sizes and relative positions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shapes of various elements and angles are not necessarily drawn to scale, and some of these elements may be arbitrarily enlarged and positioned to improve drawing legibility. Further, the particular shapes of the elements as drawn, are not necessarily intended to convey any information regarding the actual shape of the particular elements, and may have been solely selected for ease of recognition in the drawings.

(2) FIG. 1A is an isometric view of a piece of gauze in a pre-folded configuration, before any folding, sewing or stitching operations, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(3) FIG. 1B is a top plan view of the piece of gauze of FIG. 1A with left-most and right-most edges optionally folded over and optionally sewn or stitched, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(4) FIG. 1C is a top plan view of the piece of gauze of FIG. 1B with a first and a second radio-opaque material attached thereto according to at least one illustrated embodiment, the first second radio-opaque material extending across a width of the piece of gauze, and spaced longitudinally apart from one another.

(5) FIG. 1D is a top plan view of the piece of gauze of FIG. 1C with a first wireless transponder attached thereto, according to at least one illustrated embodiment, the first transponder positioned to overlie at least a portion of the radio-opaque material when in a folded configuration.

(6) FIG. 2A is a top plan view of a piece of gauze in a pre-folded configuration, before any folding, sewing or stitching operations, according to at least one illustrated embodiment, the piece of gauze including a first and a second radio-opaque material woven therein, the first second radio-opaque material extending across a width of the piece of gauze, and spaced longitudinally apart from one another.

(7) FIG. 2B is a top plan view of the piece of gauze of FIG. 2A with left-most and right-most edges optionally folded over and optionally sewn or stitched, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(8) FIG. 2C is a top plan view of the piece of gauze of FIG. 2B with a first wireless transponder attached thereto, according to at least one illustrated embodiment, the first transponder positioned to overlie at least a portion of the radio-opaque material when in a folded configuration.

(9) FIG. 3A shows a piece of gauze similar or even identical to those of FIGS. 1D and 2C with first and second radio-opaque material and a wireless transponder, being folded across a first fold-line, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(10) FIG. 3B shows the piece of gauze of FIG. 3A folded across the first fold-line, one half of the piece of gauze overlying the other half of the piece of gauze, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(11) FIG. 3C shows the piece of gauze of FIG. 3B being folded across a second fold-line, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(12) FIG. 3D shows the piece of gauze of FIG. 3C folded across the second fold-line in a folded configuration, four portions of the piece of gauze overlying one another with the radio-opaque material on respective inner pieces or panels of the piece of gauze with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels of the piece of gauze, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(13) FIG. 3E is top elevational view of the piece of gauze of FIG. 3D in the folded configuration, better illustrating the four portions of the piece of gauze overlying one another with the radio-opaque material on respective inner pieces or panels of the piece of gauze with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels of the piece of gauze.

(14) FIG. 4 is an isometric view showing a piece of gauze similar or identical to those of FIG. 1D or 2C folded across two fold-lines in a folded configuration, three portions of the piece of gauze overlying one another with the radio-opaque material on an inner piece or panel of the piece of gauze with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels of the piece of gauze, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(15) FIG. 5 is an isometric view showing a piece of gauze similar or identical to those of FIG. 1D or 2C folded across two fold-lines in a folded configuration, three portions of the piece of gauze overlying one another with the radio-opaque material on an inner piece or panel of the piece of gauze with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels of the piece of gauze, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(16) FIG. 6 is an isometric view showing a piece of gauze similar or identical to those of FIG. 1D or 2C folded across four fold-lines in a folded configuration, five portions of the piece of gauze overlying one another with the radio-opaque material on respective inner pieces or panels of the piece of gauze with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels of the piece of gauze, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(17) FIG. 7 is an isometric view showing a piece of gauze similar or identical to those of FIG. 1D or 2C folded across four fold-lines in a folded configuration, five portions of the piece of gauze overlying one another with the radio-opaque material on respective inner pieces or panels of the piece of gauze with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels of the piece of gauze, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(18) FIG. 8 is an isometric view showing a piece of gauze similar or identical to those of FIG. 1D or 2C folded across six fold-lines in a folded configuration, seven portions of the piece of gauze overlying one another with the radio-opaque material on respective inner pieces or panels of the piece of gauze with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels of the piece of gauze, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(19) FIG. 9 is an isometric view showing a piece of gauze similar or identical to those of FIG. 1D or 2C folded three times into a folded configuration, eight portions of the piece of gauze overlying one another with the radio-opaque material on respective inner pieces or panels of the piece of gauze with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels of the piece of gauze, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(20) FIG. 10 is a front plan view showing a piece of gauze similar or identical to those of any of FIGS. 4-9, illustrating the relative positioning of the radio-opaque material with respect to the wireless transponder, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(21) FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing an LC resonant transponder and pouch in which the LC resonant transponder may be sealed, either before or following attachment to a piece of gauze.

(22) FIG. 12 is an isometric view of a radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder, which may be received in or form a portion of the pouch of FIG. 11, or otherwise attached to a piece of gauze.

(23) FIG. 13 is an isometric view of a portion of a piece of gauze with a pouch similar or even identical to the pouch of FIG. 11 sewn or stitched to the piece of gauze and enclosing a wireless transponder, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(24) FIG. 14 is an isometric view of a portion of a piece of gauze with a pouch similar or even identical to the pouch of FIG. 10 adhered or heat sealed to the piece of gauze and enclosing a wireless transponder, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(25) FIG. 15 is an exploded view of an RFID transponder, an LC resonant transponder, and a piece of material, according to at least one illustrated embodiment, the piece of material is attachable to a piece of gauze to retain the LC resonant and optionally the RFID transponder to the piece of gauze.

(26) FIG. 16 is an isometric view of an imaging system and a plurality of sponges, the imaging system confirming the count of sponges in a set, packet or package of sponges, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(27) FIG. 17 is an isometric view of a set, packet or package of sponges with a band bearing one or more indications that the total number of sponges in the set, packet or package of sponges has been verified, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(28) In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various disclosed embodiments. However, one skilled in the relevant art will recognize that embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures associated with transmitters, receivers, or transceivers, and types of objects employed in medical procedures, for instance sponges, gauze or other absorbent objects, have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments.

(29) Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word comprise and variations thereof, such as comprises and comprising, are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, as including, but not limited to.

(30) Reference throughout this specification to one embodiment or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases in one embodiment or in an embodiment in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

(31) As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms a, an, and the include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term or is generally employed in its sense including and/or unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

(32) The headings and Abstract of the Disclosure provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments.

(33) For ease of understanding, a surgical environment will be used as an example environment for detecting objects but such should not be considered limiting.

(34) FIGS. 1A-1D sequentially show a piece of gauze 100a being prepared to create a sponge useable in various medical procedures, according to at least one according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(35) FIG. 1A shows the piece of gauze 100a in a pre-folded configuration. The piece of gauze 100a may comprise a loose weave of cotton preferably lint free, or may take the form of any other material suitable for use as a sponge. FIG. 1A shows the individual strands, which are omitted from the other figures to aid in clarity of illustration. The piece of gauze 100a may have been cut from a roll or continuous web of gauze, either manually or using automated cutting machines.

(36) The piece of gauze 100a has a length 102, that extends between a first end (left-most end) 104 and a second end (right-most end) 106. The piece of gauze 100a has opposed edges 108, 110 across a width 112 of the piece of gauze 100a. The piece of gauze 100a has a first major face 114, and a second major face 116 opposed across a thickness 118 of the piece of gauze 100a from the first major face 114.

(37) FIG. 1B shows the piece of gauze 100a with portions of the left-most and right-most ends 104, 106 folded over and sewn (stitches or thread indicated by the symbols X 120). Folding and swing the edges 104, 106 is optional in some embodiments, and may prevent stray threads or strands of gauze from separating from the main body.

(38) FIG. 1C shows the piece of gauze 100a with a first and a second radio-opaque material 122, 124 attached thereto. The first and second radio-opaque material 122, 124 extends across at least a portion of the width 112 of the piece of gauze 100a, and are spaced longitudinally apart from one another along the length 102 of the piece of gauze 100a. The radio-opaque material 122, 124 may take a variety of forms. For example, each of the first and the second the radio-opaque material 122, 124 may take the form of one or more radio-opaque threads. The radio-opaque material 122, 124 may be attached to a major face 114, 116 of the piece of gauze 100a. For example, the radio-opaque material may be attached to one or both major faces 114, 116 of the piece of gauze 100a via a bio-compatible adhesive, heat sealing or heat welding (e.g., RF welding), via sewing or via weaving, etc. This may be particularly suitable for situations where gauze is sourced without any radio-opaque material, and is later added by a manufacturer or producer of the sponges.

(39) FIG. 1D shows the piece of gauze 100a with a first wireless transponder 126 attached thereto.

(40) As described elsewhere herein, the first wireless transponder 126 may take any of a variety of forms, for example an LC resonant transponder and/or a radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder. The first transponder 126 is positioned to overlie at least a portion of the radio-opaque material 122, 124 when in a folded configuration.

(41) The first wireless transponder 126 may be attached to the piece of gauze 100a via a piece of material or pouch 128, as illustrated in FIG. 1D. For example, the piece of material or pouch 128 may be attached via thread or stitches 130. Alternatively, the first wireless transponder 126 may be attached to the piece of gauze 100a via a bio-compatible adhesive, heat sealing, or heat welding (e.g., RF welding).

(42) At this point, the piece of gauze 100a of FIG. 1D is ready for folding into a folded configuration, discussed below with reference to FIGS. 3A-3E.

(43) FIGS. 2A-2C sequentially show a piece of gauze 100b being prepared to create a sponge useable in various medical procedures, according to at least one according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(44) FIG. 2A shows the piece of gauze 100b in a pre-folded configuration, before any folding, sewing or stitching operations. The piece of gauze 100b may be similar or even identical in many or most respects to the piece of gauze (FIG. 1A). Such similar or even identical structures are referenced using the same reference numbers as employed in FIGS. 1A-1D. Most notably, the piece of gauze 100b includes a first and a second radio-opaque material 122, 124 woven therein.

(45) The first second radio-opaque material 122, 124 extend across the width 112 of the piece of gauze 100b, and are spaced longitudinally apart from one another along the length 102 of the piece of gauze 100b. In some instances, gauze may be sourced with radio-opaque material woven therein, which typically occurs during creation of the gauze. Alternatively, the manufacture of the sponge may weave the radio-opaque material therein after the gauze has been woven.

(46) FIG. 2B is a top plan view of the piece of gauze 100b of FIG. 2A with portions of the left-most and right-most ends 104, 106 optionally folded over and optionally sewn or stitched 120, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(47) FIG. 2C is a top plan view of the piece of gauze 100b of FIG. 2B with a first wireless transponder 126 attached thereto, according to at least one illustrated embodiment, the first wireless transponder 126 positioned to overlie at least a portion of the radio-opaque material 122, 124 when in a folded configuration.

(48) FIGS. 3A-3D sequentially show a piece of gauze 100a, 100b being folded from a pre-folded configuration into a folded configuration as a sponge 300, according to at least one illustrated embodiment. In the particular folded configuration illustrated, the sponge 300 may advantageously be easier to detect and/or distinguish from neighboring sponges in a set, packet or package of sponges, using imaging techniques, described herein, due to the resulting orientation and/or spacing of radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or wireless transponder 126.

(49) FIG. 3A shows a piece of gauze 100a, 100b similar or even identical to those of FIGS. 1D and 2C, with first and second radio-opaque material 122, 124 and a wireless transponder 126. Similar or even identical structures to previous illustrated embodiments are referenced using the same reference numbers as previously employed. Notably, the first and second radio-opaque material 122, 124 are positioned on a same half of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b with respect to a longitudinal middle or center of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b (i.e., middle along the longitudinal axis as the piece of gauze lies flat). As illustrated by arrow 302 in FIG. 3A, a first portion or panel of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b is folded across a first fold-line 304 such that two resulting portions of the first major face 114 are brought together, facing one another.

(50) FIG. 3B shows the piece of gauze 100a, 100b of FIG. 3A folded across the first fold-line 304, one half of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b overlying the other half of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b. As illustrated in FIG. 3B, the second major face 116 is on an exterior the partially folded piece of gauze 100a, 100b, while the first major face 114 is now on an interior of the partially folded piece of gauze 100a, 100b. Notably, the first and second radio-opaque material 122, 124 are positioned on respective halves of the partially folded piece of gauze 100a, 100b with respect to a longitudinal middle or center of the partially folded piece of gauze 100a, 100b.

(51) As illustrated by arrow 306 in FIG. 3C, the piece of gauze 100a, 100b is folded across a second fold-line 308 such that the two halves of the first major face 114 of the partially folded piece of gauze 100a, 100b are brought together, facing one another.

(52) FIGS. 3D and 3E show the piece of gauze 100a, 100b of FIG. 3C folded across the second fold-line 304 in a folded configuration, four portions of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b overlying one another. Notably, the radio-opaque material is carried by respective inner pieces or panels 310, 312 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b or sponge 300, with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels 314, 316 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b or sponge 300. As best seen in FIG. 3E, the sponge 300 includes two folds and results in four pieces or panels overlying one another, in a nested configuration, with the radio-opaque material 122, 124 spaced relatively inward of the outer most panels or pieces 314, 316 and on distinctly panels or pieces 310, 312 from one another, advantageously enhancing detectability using imaging techniques. Further, the transponder 126 may overlie one of the radio-opaque material 122, 124 when viewed from a resulting major face of the sponge 300, again advantageously enhancing detectability.

(53) FIG. 4 shows piece of gauze 100a, 100b being folded from a pre-folded configuration into a folded configuration as a sponge 400, according to at least one illustrated embodiment. In the particular folded configuration illustrated, the sponge 400 may advantageously be easier to detect and/or distinguish from neighboring sponges in a set, packet or package of sponges, using imaging techniques, described herein, due to the resulting orientation and/or spacing of radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or wireless transponder 126.

(54) The piece of gauze 100a, 100b is similar or identical to those of FIG. 1D or 2C. Similar or even identical structures to previous illustrated embodiments are referenced using the same reference numbers as previously employed.

(55) The piece of gauze 100a, 100b is folded across two fold-lines 404, 406 in a folded configuration. This results in three portions or panels 410, 412, 414 of the piece of gauze overlying one another. Notably, the radio-opaque material 122, 124 is carried on a resulting inner piece or panel 410 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels 414, 416 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b. This again advantageously positions the radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or transponder 126 (not visible in FIG. 4) to enhance detectability.

(56) FIG. 5 shows piece of gauze 100a, 100b being folded from a pre-folded configuration into a folded configuration as a sponge 500, according to at least one illustrated embodiment. In the particular folded configuration illustrated, the sponge 500 may advantageously be easier to detect and/or distinguish from neighboring sponges in a set, packet or package of sponges, using imaging techniques, described herein, due to the resulting orientation and/or spacing of radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or wireless transponder 126.

(57) The piece of gauze 100a, 100b is similar or identical to those of FIG. 1D or 2C. Similar or even identical structures to previous illustrated embodiments are referenced using the same reference numbers as previously employed.

(58) The piece of gauze 100a, 100b is folded across two fold-lines 504, 506 in a folded configuration. This results in three portions or panels 510, 512, 514 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b overlying one another. Notably, the radio-opaque material 122, 124 is carried on a resulting inner piece or panel 510 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels 514, 516 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b. This again advantageously positions the radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or transponder 126 (not visible in FIG. 5) to enhance detectability.

(59) FIG. 6 shows piece of gauze 100a, 100b being folded from a pre-folded configuration into a folded configuration as a sponge 600, according to at least one illustrated embodiment. In the particular folded configuration illustrated, the sponge 600 may advantageously be easier to detect and/or distinguish from neighboring sponges in a set, packet or package of sponges, using imaging techniques, described herein, due to the resulting orientation and/or spacing of radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or wireless transponder 126.

(60) The piece of gauze 100a, 100b is similar or identical to those of FIG. 1D or 2C. Similar or even identical structures to previous illustrated embodiments are referenced using the same reference numbers as previously employed.

(61) The piece of gauze is folded across four fold-lines 604, 606, 632, 634 in a folded configuration. This results in five portions or panels 610, 612, 614, 616 (only four called out in FIG. 6) of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b overlying one another. Notably, the radio-opaque material 122, 124 is carried on respective resulting inner pieces or panels 610, 612 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels 614, 616 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b. This again advantageously positions the radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or transponder 126 (not visible in FIG. 6) to enhance detectability.

(62) FIG. 7 shows piece of gauze 100a, 100b being folded from a pre-folded configuration into a folded configuration as a sponge 700, according to at least one illustrated embodiment. In the particular folded configuration illustrated, the sponge 700 may advantageously be easier to detect and/or distinguish from neighboring sponges in a set, packet or package of sponges, using imaging techniques, described herein, due to the resulting orientation and/or spacing of radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or wireless transponder 126.

(63) The piece of gauze 100a, 100b is similar or identical to those of FIG. 1D or 2C. Similar or even identical structures to previous illustrated embodiments are referenced using the same reference numbers as previously employed.

(64) The piece of gauze 100a, 100b is folded across four fold-lines 704, 706, 732, 734 in a folded configuration. This results in five portions or panels 710, 712, 714, 716 (only four called out in FIG. 7) of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b overlying one another. Notably, the radio-opaque material 122, 124 is carried on respective resulting inner pieces or panels 710, 712 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels 714, 716 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b. This again advantageously positions the radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or transponder 126 (not visible in FIG. 7) to enhance detectability.

(65) FIG. 8 shows piece of gauze 100a, 100b being folded from a pre-folded configuration into a folded configuration as a sponge 800, according to at least one illustrated embodiment. In the particular folded configuration illustrated, the sponge 800 may advantageously be easier to detect and/or distinguish from neighboring sponges in a set, packet or package of sponges, using imaging techniques, described herein, due to the resulting orientation and/or spacing of radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or wireless transponder 126.

(66) The piece of gauze 100a, 100b is similar or identical to those of FIG. 1D or 2C. Similar or even identical structures to previous illustrated embodiments are referenced using the same reference numbers as previously employed.

(67) The piece of gauze 100a, 100b is folded across six fold-lines 804, 806, 832, 834, 836, 838 in a folded configuration. This results in seven portions or panels 810, 812, 814, 816 (only four called out in FIG. 8) of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b overlying one another. Notably, the radio-opaque material 122, 124 is carried on respective resulting inner pieces or panels 810, 812 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels 814, 816 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b. This again advantageously positions the radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or transponder 126 (not visible in FIG. 8) to enhance detectability.

(68) FIG. 9 shows piece of gauze 100a, 100b being folded from a pre-folded configuration into a folded configuration as a sponge 900, according to at least one illustrated embodiment. In the particular folded configuration illustrated, the sponge 900 may advantageously be easier to detect and/or distinguish from neighboring sponges in a set, packet or package of sponges, using imaging techniques, described herein, due to the resulting orientation and/or spacing of radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or wireless transponder 126.

(69) The piece of gauze 100a, 100b is similar or identical to those of FIG. 1D or 2C. Similar or even identical structures to previous illustrated embodiments are referenced using the same reference numbers as previously employed.

(70) The piece of gauze 100a, 100b is folded in half, the resulting partially folded piece of gauze 100a, 100b is folded in half again, and then the partially folded piece of gauze 100a, 100b is folded in half a further time. This results in eight portions or panels 910, 912, 914, 916 (only four called out in FIG. 9) of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b overlying one another. Notably, the radio-opaque material 122, 124 is carried on respective resulting inner pieces or panels 910, 912 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b with respect to a pair of outer pieces or panels 914, 916 of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b. This again advantageously positions the radio-opaque material 122, 124 and/or transponder 126 (not visible in FIG. 9) to enhance detectability.

(71) FIG. 10 shows a sponge 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 in a folded configuration. Such illustrates the relative positioning of the radio-opaque material 122, 124 on inner portions of the sponge relative to outer portions thereof. Such also illustrate the relative positioning of a wireless transponder 126 relative to at least one of the radiopaque material 122, 124.

(72) FIG. 11 shows an LC resonant transponder 1100 and pouch 1102 in which the LC resonant transponder 1100 may be sealed, either before or following attachment to a piece of gauze 100a, 100b (FIGS. 1A-1D, 2A-2D).

(73) The LC resonant transponder 1100 may comprise a core 1104, for example a ferrite core. The core 1104 may, for example take the form of a dumbbell-shaped ferrite rod having broad end portions and a narrow intermediate portion. The broad end portions may provide capacitive functionality. In other implementations, the core 1104 may be shaped as a fusiform-shaped object, with truncated ends.

(74) The LC resonant transponder 1100 may comprise an inductor 1106 formed by a winding which includes a plurality of coils 1108 of an electrically conductive material wrapped around the core 1104. The electrically conductive material may, for example, take the form of electrically conductive wire, for instance copper wire.

(75) The LC resonant transponder 1100 may comprise a capacitor or inherent capacitance 1110, electrically coupled to the inductor 1106. The inductance of the inductor 1106 and the capacitance of the capacitor 1110 are selected to achieved a desired resonant frequency for the LC resonant transponder 1100 (e.g., 145 kHz). For example, the inductive coil and capacitor may together form an inductive/capacitance (L/C) tank circuit. Additional details about types of transponders may be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/811,376 filed Jun. 6, 2006 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/892,208, filed Feb. 28, 2007, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

(76) The LC resonant transponder 1100 may be enclosed in an encapsulant or housing 1112 to provide environmental protection to the circuit, and/or to isolate the circuit from bodily tissue. The encapsulant or housing 1112 may advantageously protect the transponder from the ambient environment, for instance from forces, pressure and/or fluids, such as bodily fluids. The encapsulant or housing 1112 preferably comprises a bio-compatible material. The LC resonant transponder 1100 may be relatively small, for example approximately 5-12 millimeters long with a diameter of about 1-4 millimeters.

(77) As previously mentioned, the LC resonant transponder 1100 does not store, encode or otherwise transmit any unique identifying information. As such, the presence transponder 122 may be denominated as a dumb transponder. The LC resonant transponder 1100 acts as a simple presence/absence transponder, radiating a return signal in an approximate frequency range when excited by an interrogation signal in or proximate a defined frequency range. The frequency ranges of the interrogation and return signals may be the same or approximately the same (e.g., overlapping). Alternatively, the frequency ranges of the interrogation and return signals may be different from one another (e.g., not overlapping). Lower frequencies may enable superior transmission of signals through bodily tissues or other obstacles including membranes, skin, flesh, etc. Thus, in vivo LC resonant transponder 1100 may be more readily detectable as compared to an in vivo RFID transponder, which typically operate at higher frequencies (e.g., UHF) as compared to an LC resonant transponder 1100.

(78) The pouch 1102 is typically made of material, and forms an interior cavity or interior 1118, into which the LC resonant transponder 1100 and/or an RFID transponder 1200 (FIG. 12) may be received and retained.

(79) The pouch 1102 is physically coupleable to a piece of gauze 100a, 100b (FIGS. 1A-1D, 2A-2D), to attach the LC resonant transponder 1100 and/or an RFID transponder 1200 (FIG. 12) to the retain the piece of gauze 100a, 100b. As previously noted, the LC resonant transponder 1100 and/or an RFID transponder 1200 (FIG. 12) may be closed or sealed in the interior 1118 of the pouch 1102 before the pouch 1102 is attached or secured to the piece of gauze 100a, 100b (FIGS. 1A-1D, 2A-2D). This may facilitate the economic production of large numbers of sponges. Alternatively, one or both the LC resonant transponder 1100 and/or an RFID transponder 1200 (FIG. 12) may be closed or sealed in the interior 1118 of the pouch 1102 after the pouch 1102 is attached or secured to the piece of gauze 100a, 100b (FIGS. 1A-1D, 2A-2D).

(80) In some implementations, the LC resonant transponder 1100 is freely movable within the interior of the pouch 1102. Such may advantageously allow folding, stretching, compression, twisting, or other physical manipulation of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b or sponge without causing damage to the LC resonant transponder 1100. For example, the LC resonant transponder 1100 freely moves within the pouch 1102 to an advantageous position experiencing reduced forces. Likewise, the free-floating LC resonant transponder 1100 does not inhibit folding, stretching, compression, twisting, or other physical manipulation of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b or sponge 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 which may be necessary for the medical procedure.

(81) The RFID transponder 1200 (FIG. 12) may freely movable within the interior of the pouch 1102. Alternatively, the RFID transponder 1200 (FIG. 12) may be fixed in the interior 1118 of the pouch 1102. Alternatively, the RFID transponder 1200 (FIG. 12) may form a portion of the pouch 1102. For example, a substrate of an RFID transponder 1200 (FIG. 12) may form one of the layers 1114, 1116 of the pouch 1102 or may be incorporated or laminated into one of the layers 1114, 1116 of the pouch 1102. One or more portions of the pouch 1102 may form one or more directional antenna elements to cooperate with an antenna of the RFID transponder 1200. Details of such is described in U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/106,052 filed Jan. 21, 2015; and in U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/138,248 filed Mar. 25, 2015.

(82) The pouch 1102 may be made of any of variety of materials, including textiles, for instance woven or knitted textiles, or membranes, for instance unreinforced or reinforced polymer membranes, or a combination of such. For example, the pouch 1102 may include a first layer 1114 and second layer 1116 that forms the interior 1118 therebetween. The first layer 1114 can be physically coupled to a surface of the piece of gauze 100a, 100b.

(83) The pouch 1102 may be attached to the piece of gauze 100a, 100b via thread for example sewn to the piece of gauze 100a, 100b using one or more stitches 130 (FIGS. 1D, 2C).

(84) Additionally or alternatively, the pouch 1102 may optionally include, or may interact with, an adhesive layer 1120 to physically adhere or otherwise attach the pouch 1102 to a piece of gauze 100a, 100b. The adhesive layer 1120 may retain structural and adhesive integrity at least at temperatures equal to 121, 130, 132, 136, and/or 150 degrees Centigrade or higher. For example, the adhesive layer 1120 may not melt or otherwise liquefy and may retain adhesion to the first layer 1114, second layer 1116 and/or the piece of gauze 100a, 100b at temperatures less than or equal to 121, 130, 132, 136, and/or 150 degrees Centigrade or higher. This may permit the pouch 1102 and/or sponge to be sterilized.

(85) Additionally or alternatively, the pouch 1102 may optionally be attached to the piece of gauze 100a, 100b via heat welding, e.g., via a radio frequency (RF) weld.

(86) Additionally or alternatively, the pouch 1102 may optionally be attached to the piece of gauze 100a, 100b via an epoxy, preferably a biocompatible epoxy.

(87) The interior 1118 of the pouch 1102 may be closed or sealed via thread, for example sewn shut using one or more stitches (not shown). Additionally or alternatively, the interior 1118 of the pouch 1102 may be closed or sealed via an adhesive, for instance an adhesive that retains structural integrity at least at temperatures equal to 121, 130, 132, 136, and/or 150 degrees Centigrade or higher. Additionally or alternatively, the interior 1118 of the pouch 1102 may be closed or sealed via may optionally be attached to the piece of gauze 100a, 100b via heat welding, e.g., via a radio frequency (RF) weld.

(88) The first and/or second layers 1114 and 1118 may be fabric laminates or other materials. For example, the first and/or second layers 1114 and 1118 may be one or more of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and nylon fabric; polyvinyl chloride (PVC) impregnated fabric; layer(s) of PVC, TPU, PET, PETG, LDPE, EVA, open celled polyurethanes, or nylon; other fabrics (e.g., cotton, polyester, leather, vinyl, polyethylene, and blended fabrics); other plastics; or combinations thereof. The first and/or second layers 1114 and 1118 are typically relatively thin and may be absorbent or non-absorbent. In some implementations, the first and/or second layers 1114 and 1118 are a material suitable to prevent entry of fluids into the interior cavity of the pouch 1102 (e.g., due to a water-proof or water-resistant coating). Thus, the first and/or second layers 1114 and 1118 may be soft, pliable, and resistant to ripping or tearing.

(89) In one particular example, the first layer 1114 includes a first layer of TPU and a first layer of nylon fabric. The second layer 1116 includes a second layer of TPU and a second layer of nylon fabric. For example, the first and second layers of TPU may respectively be located interior relative to the first and second layers of nylon fabric. In other words, the first and second layers of TPU may contact each other and may form an interior surface of the interior cavity 1118 of the pouch 1102 while the first and second layers of nylon fabric are respectively carried by respective exterior surfaces of the first and second layers of TPU that are opposite to the interior cavity 1118. Such may advantageously allow the first and second layers of TPU to more completely melt together or otherwise physically couple to each other when an RF weld is generated. However, in other implementations, the first and second layers of nylon fabric may be located interior relative to the first and second layers of TPU or may be embedded within the first and second layers of TPU.

(90) Suitable adhesive for the adhesive layer 1120 or to join the first and second layers 1114, 1116 together may include is a hot melt adhesive. For example, the pouch 1102 may be constructed at least in part by causing the temperature of at least a portion the hot melt adhesive to exceed a melting point temperature associated with the hot melt adhesive, thereby causing such portion to at least in part melt. For example, such may be performed using an RF welding machine, planar heat pressing machine, hot-air welding machine, or laminator. Alternatively, the pouch 1102 may be baked (e.g., in a chamber) or exposed to various other techniques for applying heat and/or pressure at desired locations. Generally, the melting point temperature will be at least greater than 130 degrees Centigrade.

(91) The hot melt adhesive is preferably a high temperature hot melt adhesive (i.e., a hot melt adhesive that has a relatively high melting point temperature). For example, the hot melt adhesive may have a melting point temperature of greater than 121, 130, 132, or 136 degrees Centigrade. As another example, the hot melt adhesive layer may have a melting point temperature of about 150 degrees Centigrade or higher. Such may advantageously enhance the ability to sterilize the pouch 1102 or sponge. More particularly, the hot melt adhesive may have a melting point temperature greater than a sterilization temperature associated with one or more sterilization procedures. For example, the hot melt adhesive may have a melting point temperature greater than a steam temperature at which a volume of steam is maintained during one or more steam-based sterilization procedures at some defined pressure. For example, two common steam-based sterilization techniques use a volume of steam respectively maintained at 121 degrees Centigrade (250 degrees Fahrenheit) and 132 degrees Centigrade (270 degrees Fahrenheit). The hot melt adhesive may have a melting point temperature greater than one or both of such temperatures. Further, certain sterilization procedures may be performed with pressure conditions greater than 1 atmosphere. The hot melt adhesive may any of the melting point temperature characteristics described herein at such pressure conditions.

(92) The adhesive is preferably biocompatible, permitting use in vivo.

(93) The adhesive may, for example, take the form of an adhesive web film. The adhesive may, for example, take the form of a thermal lamination film. The adhesive may, for example, take the form of a meltable plastic layer, such as, for example, a thermoplastic layer. The adhesive may be a thermosetting plastic, that has an initial cure temperature at which the thermosetting plastic layer cures. For example, the initial cure temperature may be less than 130 degrees Centigrade. Subsequent to curing, the thermosetting plastic layer may retain structural and adhesive integrity at least at temperatures less than or equal to 121, 130, 132, 136, and/or 150 degrees Centigrade or higher. The adhesive may be a heat-activated adhesive layer. Alternatively or additionally, the adhesive pressure-activated adhesive layer or a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Alternatively or additionally, the adhesive may be a water-activated adhesive. The adhesive may, for example, include one or more of a thermoplastic polyurethane, silicone, polyamide, polyethersulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene, and ethylene vinyl acetate.

(94) FIG. 12 shows a radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder 1200, according to one illustrated embodiment.

(95) The RFID transponder 1200 may be received in or form a portion of the pouch 1102 of FIG. 11, or otherwise attached to a piece of gauze.

(96) The RFID transponder 1200 may include a substrate 1202. For example, the RFID transponder 1200 may include an electrically insulative substrate (e.g., polyester) with one or more electrically conductive traces and/or vias. The substrate 1202 may, for example, take the form of or otherwise comprise a flexible printed circuit board.

(97) The RFID transponder 1200 may include one or more antennas 1204. For example, the RFID transponder 1200 may include a printed or otherwise deposited or etched electrically conductive trace as an antenna 1204 or antenna element. Any of a variety of types of antennas may be employed, for instance a spiral or coil antenna or a T-shaped dipole antenna.

(98) The RFID transponder 1200 may include one or more circuits 1206, carried by the substrate and communicatively coupled to the one or more antennas. Circuits 1206 may take the form of integrated circuits and/or analog or digital circuit elements. Where the RFID transponder 1200 is a passive RFID transponder 1200, the circuit 1206 may include a front end power converter that converts energy from an interrogation signal (e.g., radio frequency, microwave frequency), into DC power to charge a capacitor and power the operation of the RFID transponder 1200. The circuit 1206 may include memory or storage that encodes a unique identifier (i.e., unique over a set of all otherwise identical RFID transponders 1200), which is returned from the RFID transponder 1200 in response to receipt of an interrogation signal, for instance via backscattering.

(99) Even where the identifier is unique, some portion of the identification information or some other identification information may not be unique, for example, a portion representing a manufacturer, a lot, or a type, may be shared between transponders 1200 from the same manufacturer, lot or of the same type. In some implementations, the identification information can be associated with a type of the sponge (e.g., lap sponge) or an attribute thereof. For example, the identification information can be linked to the type or attribute using a database, lookup table, or other data structure that cross-references unique identifiers with the type or attribute.

(100) Alternatively, in implementations where the integrated circuit of the RFID transponder 1200 has read and write capability, the identification information can include the desired attribute, pre-stored or written onto the integrated circuit, and directly convey the pre-stored attribute via the first response signal.

(101) Furthermore, in some implementations, the RFID transponder 1200 is a printable and/or ultra-low-cost RFID transponder 1200 that is not necessarily intended to maintain functionality when the sponge used within the surgical environment. In such implementations, the RFID transponder 1200 is interrogated at a conclusion of or during a manufacturing process, for example, to ensure that an appropriate number of sponges are included in a set, packet or package. After such use, the RFID transponder 1200 may not be expected to provide further use and may allowably degrade or otherwise experience damage if the sponge is used within the surgical environment (e.g., in vivo). Such may permit inclusion of low-cost RFID transponders 1200 for use in manufacturing without requiring a hardened or rugged encapsulant or transponder body to protect the transponders 1200 during surgical procedures. Further, the RFID transponder 1200 may be intentionally exposed to Gamma radiation to render the RFID transponder 1200 inoperative prior to delivery or use in a clinical setting.

(102) FIG. 13 shows a portion of a piece of gauze 100a, 100b with a pouch 1302 similar or even identical to the pouch 1102 of FIG. 11 sewn or stitched 1304 to the piece of gauze 100a, 100b and enclosing one or more wireless transponders 1306, according to at least one illustrated embodiment. The wireless transponders 1306 may, for example include one or more LC resonant transponders and/or one or more RFID transponders.

(103) FIG. 14 shows a portion of a piece of gauze 100a, 100b with a pouch 1402 similar or even identical to the pouch 1102 of FIG. 11 adhered or heat sealed to the piece of gauze and enclosing a wireless transponder 1406, according to at least one illustrated embodiment. The wireless transponders 1406 may, for example include one or more LC resonant transponders and/or one or more RFID transponders.

(104) FIG. 15 shows an assembly comprised of an LC resonant transponder 1502, a piece of material 1504 and optionally an RFID transponder 1506, according to at least one illustrated embodiment. The piece of material 1506 is attachable to a piece of gauze 100a, 100b (FIGS. 1A-1D, 2A-2C) to attach and retain the LC resonant transponder 1502 to the piece of gauze 100a, 100b, and optionally to attach and retain the RFID transponder 1506 to the piece of gauze 100a, 100b. In contrast to various pouches, the LC resonant transponder 1502 is trapped or retained between the piece of material 1504 and either the piece of gauze 100a, 100b or the RFID transponder 1506.

(105) FIG. 16 shows an imaging system 1600 and a plurality of sponges 1602, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(106) The imaging system 1600 confirms that a count of the total number of sponges in a set, packet or package of sponges 1602 is correct using imaging technology. The imaging system 1600 may employ a variety of imaging technologies, for example X-ray imaging technology. Thus, the imaging system 1600 may include a source (e.g., X-ray source) 1604 and sensor (e.g., X-ray sensor) 1606 (collectively X-ray machine) to illuminate or irradiate the set, packet or package of sponges 1602, and to identify the radio-opaque material in the sensed image data.

(107) The set, packet or package of sponges 1602 may be carried in a carrier 1608. The carrier 1608 may in turn be carried on a conveyor system (e.g. conveyor belt) 1610 to advance (arrow 1612) the set, packet or package of sponges 1602 into a field of the imaging system 1600. Advantageously, the source transmits electromagnetic radiation (e.g., X-rays) through the sponges endwise (e.g., substantially parallel to the major faces of the sponges), as illustrated by arrow 1614. The sensor 1606 may reside relatively below a portion of the conveyor system 1610, to detect X-rays passing through the sponges 1602. The radio-opaque material on each sponge 1602 will absorb or at least attenuate the X-rays that try to pass through, while the gauze will substantially pass all X-ray radiation. Thus, the radio-opaque material will be clearly discernable and/or detectable in imaging data, for example as spaced black marks or dots. The spacing between adjacent sponges, and hence between sets of black marks or dots will typically be highly repetitive and predictable. Knowledge of the expected spacing can increase the certainty of any evaluation. Evaluation is preferably performed autonomously by a processor-based device (e.g., imaging system, computer), although can alternatively be performed manually. Spacing the radio-opaque material relatively inward in each sponge 1602, advantageously increases the spacing between the radio-opaque material of neighboring or adjacent sponges 1602, enhancing the ability to discern one sponge 1602 from the next, thereby increasing the accuracy of counting. The positioning of the transponders relative to the radio-opaque material may also advantageously eliminate noise or interference in the image data.

(108) FIG. 17 shows a set, packet or package of sponges 1700 with a band 1702, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.

(109) The presence of the band 1702 may be indicative that the count of the number of sponges a set, packet or package of sponges 1700 has been checked or verified. The band 1702 may bear one or more indications that the total number of sponges in the set, packet or package of sponges has been checked or verified, and is accurate. For example, the band 1702 may bear a mark or insignia (e.g., trademark) or hologram, collectively 1704, indicative of the accuracy of the count. Additionally or alternatively, the band 1702 may bear a machine-readable symbol (e.g., one-dimensional barcode symbol, two-dimensional matrix code symbol) 1706 indicative of the accuracy of the count. The band may be applied manually or automatically by a machine on confirmation or verification that the count of total sponges in the set, packet or package of sponges 1700 is correct.

(110) The above description of illustrated embodiments, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the various embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Although specific embodiments of and examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, as will be recognized by those skilled in the relevant art.

(111) The teachings provided herein can be applied to other absorbent materials, other types of transponders, and other interrogation and detection systems. For instance, the transponder device may be used to mark objects anytime detection of the presence of marked objects is desirable in a confined area, not just during surgery. For example, it may be used to make sure marked objects are not left inside a machine (e.g., vehicle, copy machine) after maintenance is performed. In at least some embodiments, the transponder housing may be utilized to mark objects to determine the removal of a marked object from a confined area, such as a cover-all garment from a clean room of a semiconductor fabrication plant. In such an embodiment, an interrogation device, for example, may be placed proximate to a door of the confined area.

(112) In addition, a transponder pouch may be manufactured and distributed for tagging objects without a transponder currently attached or received therein. Advantageously, the pouch can then be used to place a transponder compatible with a particular detection and interrogation system at a subsequent time, including by the end-user.

(113) The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. To the extent that they are not inconsistent with the specific teachings and definitions herein, all of the commonly assigned U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications referred to in this specification, including but not limited to U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,358,212; 8,710,957; 8,726,911; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0108079; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/811,376 filed Jun. 6, 2006; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/892,208, filed Feb. 28, 2007; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/109,142 filed Oct. 28, 2008; U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/106,052 filed Jan. 21, 2015; and in U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/138,248 filed Mar. 25, 2015 are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary, to employ systems, circuits and concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments.

(114) These and other changes can be made in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the invention is not limited by the disclosure.