Filter material for culture system, and preparation method and use thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a filter material for a culture system, and a preparation method and use thereof. The filter material comprises an anode material and a cathode material, wherein the anode material is an active metal, and the cathode material is an inactive metal or a conductive non-metal. The filter material can significantly improve the water quality in the culture system, be used for in-situ treatment of the water body in the culture system and be convenient to use. The filter material does not require additional application of voltage or current, and thus is safer. At the same time, the filter material has a long service life and does not need to be changed frequently. In addition, the preparation method of the filter material is simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly, and is advantageous for large-scale production.

Claims

1. A filter material for a culture system, comprising the following components: an anode material which is an active metal, and a cathode material which is an inactive metal or a conductive non-metal; wherein the filter material further comprises at least one of a catalyst and an acidifying agent; wherein the catalyst is at least one selected from calcium peroxide, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, and silicon dioxide; and wherein the acidifying agent is at least one selected from phosphoric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and sorbic acid.

2. The filter material according to claim 1, wherein the filter material further comprises a binder.

3. The filter material according to claim 2, wherein the binder is at least one material selected from clay, sodium silicate, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and bentonite.

4. The filter material according to claim 2, wherein, in the filter material, a mass percentage of the binder is 2-40%.

5. The filter material according to claim 1, wherein, in the filter material, a mass percentage of the anode material is 26-65%, and a mass percentage of the cathode material is 15-50%.

6. The filter material according to claim 5, wherein the anode material is at least one material selected from iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, platinum and gold.

7. The filter material according to claim 5, wherein the cathode material is at least one selected from carbon and manganese.

8. The filter material according to claim 1, wherein, if the filter material comprises a catalyst, in the filter material, a mass percentage of the catalyst is 1-20%, and if the filter material comprises an acidifying agent, a mass percentage of the acidifying agent is 0.05-20%.

9. The filter material according to claim 8, wherein, if the filter material comprises an acidifying agent, the filter material further comprises silicon dioxide and a sustained-release material.

10. The filter material according to claim 9, wherein the sustained-release material is at least one material selected from ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, acrylic resin, shellac, sodium alginate, maltodextrin, modified starch, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum.

11. The filter material according to claim 9, wherein the mass ratio of the acidifying agent:silicon dioxide:the sustained-release material is 1:0.1-0.5:0.3-1, and wherein the sustained-release material is a macromolecular compound.

12. The filter material according to claim 1, wherein, if the filter material comprises an acidifying agent, the filter material further comprises silicon dioxide and a sustained-release material.

13. The filter material according to claim 12, wherein the sustained-release material is at least one material selected from ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, acrylic resin, shellac, sodium alginate, maltodextrin, modified starch, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum.

14. The filter material according to claim 12, wherein the mass ratio of the acidifying agent:silicon dioxide:the sustained-release material is 1:0.1-0.5:0.3-1, and wherein the sustained-release material is a macromolecular compound.

15. The filter material according to claim 1, wherein the anode material is at least one material selected from iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, platinum and gold.

16. The filter material according to claim 1, wherein the cathode material is at least one selected from carbon and manganese.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in COD concentration of water body over time in a process of treating an aquarium with different filter materials.

(2) FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in ammonia nitrogen concentration of water body over time in a process of treating an aquarium with different filter materials.

(3) FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in nitrate concentration of water body over time in a process of treating an aquarium with different filter materials.

(4) FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in nitrite concentration of water body over time in a process of treating an aquarium with different filter materials.

(5) FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in dissolved oxygen concentration of water body over time in a process of treating an aquarium with different filter materials.

(6) FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in bacterial content of water body over time in a process of treating an aquarium with different filter materials.

(7) FIG. 7 is a graph showing changes in pH of water body over time in a process of treating an aquarium with different filter materials.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

(8) The present invention will be further illustrated by the examples listed below. It should be understood that the following examples are only intended to further illustrate the present invention and not to be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Some improvements and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art in accordance with the principles set forth herein, and all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The following specific process parameters and the like are only exemplary within a suitable range. That is, those skilled in the art can make selections within a suitable range in accordance with the description herein, and are not limited to the specific data exemplified below.

Example 1

(9) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(10) 50% of an anode material, 30% of a cathode material, 8% of a binder, 5% of a catalyst, and 7% of an acidifying agent, wherein

(11) the anode material: a mixture of iron and aluminum in a mass ratio of 1:0.8;

(12) the cathode material: carbon;

(13) the binder: a mixture of clay and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 1:1;

(14) the catalyst: a mixture of calcium peroxide and calcium carbonate in a mass ratio of 1:0.5;

(15) the acidifying agent: a mixture of phosphoric acid, lactic acid and formic acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5, this mixture was then mixed well with silicon dioxide and embedded with a sustained-release material to give a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the acidifying agent, silicon dioxide and the sustained-release material was 1:0.5:0.8, and the sustained-release material was a mixture of stearic acid and magnesium stearate in a mass ratio of 1:1.

(16) This filter material was applied to a closed freshwater aquarium system with serious pollution and high aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=412.8 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=11.3 mg/L, nitrate=63.5 mg/L, nitrite=0.73 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=3.2 mg/L, bacteria content=810.sup.6/mL, pH=6.1.

(17) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=61.7 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=2.8 mg/L, nitrate=32.3 mg/L, nitrite=0.04 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5.8 mg/L, bacteria content=210.sup.2/mL, pH=7.3. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=15.5 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=0.6 mg/L, nitrate=12.2 mg/L, nitrite=0.003 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=6.9 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7.2.

Example 2

(18) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(19) 45% of an anode material, 35% of a cathode material, 5% of a binder, 10% of a catalyst, and 5% of an acidifying agent, wherein

(20) the anode material: a mixture of iron, zinc and copper in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.15;

(21) the cathode material: a mixture of carbon and manganese in a mass ratio of 1:0.3;

(22) the binder: a mixture of clay, sodium silicate and polyvinyl alcohol in a mass ratio of 1:1:1;

(23) the catalyst: calcium oxide,

(24) the acidifying agent: a mixture of phosphoric acid and malic acid in a mass ratio of 1:1, this mixture was then mixed well with silicon dioxide and embedded with a sustained-release material to give a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the acidifying agent, silicon dioxide and the sustained-release material was 1:0.3:0.6, and the sustained-release material was a mixture of maltodextrin and modified starch in a mass ratio of 1:1.

(25) This filter material was applied to a closed freshwater aquarium system with moderate pollution and general aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=252.4 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=8.6 mg/L, nitrate=57.7 mg/L, nitrite=0.06 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=4.3 mg/L, bacteria content=610.sup.4/mL, pH=6.8.

(26) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=32.7 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=1.6 mg/L, nitrate=25.1 mg/L, nitrite=0.002 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=6.5 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7.5. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=11.5 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=0.4 mg/L, nitrate=3.5 mg/L, nitrite=0 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=7.8 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7.2.

Example 3

(27) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(28) 45% of an anode material, 35% of a cathode material, 5% of a binder, 10% of a catalyst, and 5% of an acidifying agent, wherein

(29) the anode material: a mixture of iron, aluminum and zinc in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.2;

(30) the cathode material: a mixture of carbon and manganese in a mass ratio of 1:0.2;

(31) the binder: a mixture of clay and sodium carboxymethylcellulose in a mass ratio of 1:1;

(32) the catalyst: a mixture of calcium peroxide and calcium carbonate in a mass ratio of 1:1;

(33) the acidifying agent: phosphoric acid, it was then mixed well with silicon dioxide and embedded with a sustained-release material, wherein the mass ratio of the acidifying agent, silicon dioxide and the sustained-release material was 1:0.4:0.6, and the sustained-release material was a mixture of shellac, magnesium stearate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

(34) This filter material was applied to a closed seawater aquarium system with serious pollution and high aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=533.4 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=13.3 mg/L, nitrate=73.1 mg/L, nitrite=0.58 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=3.8 mg/L, bacteria content=710.sup.7/mL, pH=6.3.

(35) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=33.3 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=1.9 mg/L, nitrate=35.1 mg/L, nitrite=0.02 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5.9 mg/L, bacteria content=410.sup.2/mL, pH=7.2. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=11.3 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=0.2 mg/L, nitrate=9.7 mg/L, nitrite=0 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=6.8 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7.4.

Example 4

(36) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(37) 55% of an anode material, 30% of a cathode material, 5% of a binder, 5% of a catalyst, and 5% of an acidifying agent, wherein

(38) the anode material: a mixture of iron and aluminum in a mass ratio of 1:0.8;

(39) the cathode material: carbon;

(40) the binder: a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium carboxymethylcellulose in a mass ratio of 1:1;

(41) the catalyst: a mixture of calcium peroxide, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide in a mass ratio of 0.5:0.5:1;

(42) the acidifying agent: a mixture of phosphoric acid and malic acid in a mass ratio of 1:1, this mixture was then mixed well with silicon dioxide and embedded with a sustained-release material to give a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the acidifying agent, silicon dioxide and the sustained-release material was 1:0.4:0.8, and the sustained-release material was a mixture of stearic acid and sodium carboxymethylcellulose in a mass ratio of 1:1.

(43) This filter material was applied to a closed seawater aquarium system with moderate pollution and general aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=275.6 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=8.9 mg/L, nitrate=36.8 mg/L, nitrite=0.09 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5.2 mg/L, bacteria content=310.sup.3/mL, pH=7.1.

(44) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of the filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=15.1 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=0.9 mg/L, nitrate=13.4 mg/L, nitrite=0.004 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=6.8 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7. After treating for 48 h, this water quality was: COD=3.4 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=0.4 mg/L, nitrate=7.3 mg/L, nitrite=0 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=7.5 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7.1.

Example 5

(45) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(46) 45% of an anode material, 35% of a cathode material, 10% of a binder, and 10% of an acidifying agent, wherein

(47) the anode material: a mixture of iron and zinc in a mass ratio of 1:0.3;

(48) the cathode material: a mixture of carbon and manganese in a mass ratio of 1:0.3;

(49) the binder: a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium carboxymethylcellulose in a mass ratio of 1:1;

(50) the acidifying agent: a mixture of phosphoric acid, citric acid and fumaric acid in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, this mixture was then mixed well with silicon dioxide and embedded with a sustained-release material to give a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the acidifying agent, silicon dioxide and the sustained-release material was 1:0.3:0.6, and the sustained-release material was a mixture of shellac and sodium carboxymethylcellulose in a mass ratio of 1:1.

(51) This filter material was applied to a closed freshwater aquarium system with moderate pollution and general aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=252.4 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=8.6 mg/L, nitrate=57.7 mg/L, nitrite=0.06 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=4.3 mg/L, bacteria content=610.sup.4/mL, pH=6.8.

(52) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=33.5 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=1.3 mg/L, nitrate=27.3 mg/L, nitrite=0.006 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=6.7 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7.3. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=14.2 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=0.3 mg/L, nitrate=7.8 mg/L, nitrite=0 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=7.8 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7.1.

Example 6

(53) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(54) 45% of an anode material, 40% of a cathode material, 5% of a binder, and 10% of an acidifying agent, wherein

(55) the anode material: a mixture of iron and aluminum in a mass ratio of 1:0.8;

(56) the cathode material: carbon;

(57) the binder: a mixture of sodium silicate and polyvinyl alcohol in a mass ratio of 1:1;

(58) the acidifying agent: a mixture of phosphoric acid, malic acid and citric acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5, this mixture was then mixed well with silicon dioxide and embedded with a sustained-release material to give a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the acidifying agent, silicon dioxide and the sustained-release material was 1:0.5:0.8, and the sustained-release material was a mixture of magnesium stearate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose in a mass ratio of 1:1.

(59) This filter material was applied to a closed freshwater aquarium system with serious pollution and high aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=412.8 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=11.3 mg/L, nitrate=63.5 mg/L, nitrite=0.73 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=3.2 mg/L, bacteria content=810.sup.6/mL, pH=6.1.

(60) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=128.9 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=6.7 mg/L, nitrate=45.4 mg/L, nitrite=0.56 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=4.9 mg/L, bacteria content=310.sup.3/mL, pH=6.8. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=54.3 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=3.2 mg/L, nitrate=27.1 mg/L, nitrite=0.21 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5.5 mg/L, bacteria content=410.sup.2/mL, pH=7.2.

Example 7

(61) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(62) 45% of an anode material, 45% of a cathode material, 5% of a binder, and 5% of an acidifying agent, wherein

(63) the anode material: a mixture of iron, aluminum and zinc in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.2;

(64) the cathode material: a mixture of carbon and manganese in a mass ratio of 1:0.2;

(65) the binder: sodium silicate;

(66) the acidifying agent: fumaric acid, it was then mixed well with silicon dioxide and embedded with a sustained-release material to give a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the acidifying agent, silicon dioxide and the sustained-release material was 1:0.4:0.6, and the sustained-release material was a mixture of maltodextrin and stearic acid in a mass ratio of 1:1.

(67) This filter material was applied to a closed seawater aquarium system with serious pollution and high aquaculture density. Before treating with this filter material, the water quality was: COD=533.4 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=13.3 mg/L, nitrate=73.1 mg/L, nitrite=0.58 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=3.8 mg/L, bacteria content=710.sup.7/mL, pH=6.3.

(68) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=50.7 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=3.3 mg/L, nitrate=52.1 mg/L, nitrite=0.14 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=4.7 mg/L, bacteria content=210.sup.3/mL, pH=6.8. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=21.7 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=1.1 mg/L, nitrate=22.2 mg/L, nitrite=0.004 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5.7 mg/L, bacteria content=110.sup.2/mL, pH=7.

Example 8

(69) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(70) 55% of an anode material, 35% of a cathode material, 5% of a binder, and 5% of an acidifying agent, wherein

(71) the anode material: a mixture of iron and aluminum in a mass ratio of 1:0.8;

(72) the cathode material: carbon;

(73) the binder: a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose in a mass ratio of 1:1;

(74) the acidifying agent: a mixture of lactic acid and formic acid in a mass ratio of 1:1, this mixture was then mixed well with silicon dioxide and embedded with a sustained-release material to give a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the acidifying agent, silicon dioxide and the sustained-release material was 1:0.4:0.8, and the sustained-release material was a mixture of shellac, maltodextrin and magnesium stearate in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

(75) This filter material was applied to a closed seawater aquarium system with moderate pollution and general aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=275.6 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=8.9 mg/L, nitrate=36.8 mg/L, nitrite=0.09 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5.2 mg/L, bacteria content=310.sup.3/mL, pH=7.1.

(76) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=20.3 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=1 mg/L, nitrate=11.2 mg/L, nitrite=0.005 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=6.3 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=6.9. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=4.5 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=0.5 mg/L, nitrate=6.5 mg/L, nitrite=0.001 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=7 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7.

Example 9

(77) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(78) 45% of an anode material, 45% of a cathode material, 5% of a binder, and 5% of a catalyst, wherein

(79) the anode material: a mixture of iron, aluminum, zinc and copper in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.2:0.05;

(80) the cathode material: a mixture of carbon and manganese in a mass ratio of 1:0.2;

(81) the binder: a mixture of clay, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol in a mass ratio of 1:1:1;

(82) the catalyst: a mixture of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide in a mass ratio of 1:0.5.

(83) This filter material was applied to a closed seawater aquarium system with serious pollution and high aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=533.4 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=13.3 mg/L, nitrate=73.1 mg/L, nitrite=0.58 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=3.8 mg/L, bacteria content=710.sup.7/mL, pH=6.3.

(84) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=43.2 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=1.7 mg/L, nitrate=44.5 mg/L, nitrite=0.01 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5.6 mg/L, bacteria content=300/mL, pH=7.5. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=16.5 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=0.3 mg/L, nitrate=14.2 mg/L, nitrite=0 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=6.9 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7.3.

Example 10

(85) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(86) 45% of an anode material, 40% of a cathode material, 5% of a binder, and 10% of a catalyst, wherein

(87) the anode material: a mixture of iron and aluminum in a mass ratio of 1:0.8;

(88) the cathode material: carbon;

(89) the binder: a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose in a mass ratio of 1:1;

(90) the catalyst: a mixture of calcium peroxide, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5.

(91) This filter material was applied to a closed freshwater aquarium system with serious pollution and high aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=412.8 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=11.3 mg/L, nitrate=63.5 mg/L, nitrite=0.73 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=3.2 mg/L, bacteria content=810.sup.6/mL, pH=6.1.

(92) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=131.2 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=5.3 mg/L, nitrate=52.8 mg/L, nitrite=0.37 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5.2 mg/L, bacteria content=110.sup.3/mL, pH=7.5. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=48.1 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=2.1 mg/L, nitrate=21.2 mg/L, nitrite=0.11 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=6 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7.8.

Example 11

(93) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(94) 45% of an anode material, 35% of a cathode material, 10% of a binder, and 10% of a catalyst, wherein

(95) the anode material: a mixture of iron, zinc and copper in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.08;

(96) the cathode material: a mixture of carbon and manganese in a mass ratio of 1:0.3;

(97) the binder: sodium carboxymethylcellulose;

(98) the catalyst: a mixture of calcium peroxide, and calcium hydroxide in a mass ratio of 0.5:1.

(99) This filter material was applied to a closed freshwater aquarium system with moderate pollution and general aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=252.4 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=8.6 mg/L, nitrate=57.7 mg/L, nitrite=0.06 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=4.3 mg/L, bacteria content=610.sup.4/mL, pH=6.8.

(100) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=67.2 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=4.3 mg/L, nitrate=39.5 mg/L, nitrite=0.03 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5.5 mg/L, bacteria content=710.sup.2/mL, pH=7.6. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=27.6 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=1.9 mg/L, nitrate=16.3 mg/L, nitrite=0.008 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=6.5 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=8.1.

Example 12

(101) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(102) 55% of an anode material, 35% of a cathode material, 5% of a binder, and 5% of a catalyst, wherein

(103) the anode material: a mixture of iron and aluminum in a mass ratio of 1:0.8;

(104) the cathode material: carbon;

(105) the binder: sodium silicate;

(106) the catalyst: calcium peroxide.

(107) This filter material was applied to a closed seawater aquarium system with moderate pollution and general aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=275.6 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=8.9 mg/L, nitrate=36.8 mg/L, nitrite=0.09 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5.2 mg/L, bacteria content=310.sup.3/mL, pH=7.1.

(108) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=18.2 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=2.1 mg/L, nitrate=14.4 mg/L, nitrite=0.006 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=6.1 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7.6. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=6.3 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=0.7 mg/L, nitrate=6.4 mg/L, nitrite=0.002 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=6.8 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=8.1.

Example 13

(109) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(110) 60% of an anode material, 30% of a cathode material, and 10% of a binder, wherein

(111) the anode material: a mixture of iron and aluminum in a mass ratio of 1:0.8;

(112) the cathode material: carbon;

(113) the binder: clay.

(114) This filter material was applied to a closed seawater aquarium system with moderate pollution and general aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=275.6 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=8.9 mg/L, nitrate=36.8 mg/L, nitrite=0.09 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5.2 mg/L, bacteria content=310.sup.3/mL, pH=7.1.

(115) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=22.1 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=1.2 mg/L, nitrate=12.7 mg/L, nitrite=0.004 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=6.9 mg/L, bacteria content=210.sup.2/mL, pH=7.5. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=9.1 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=0.5 mg/L, nitrate=7.6 mg/L, nitrite=0.001 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=7.2 mg/L, no detectable bacterial content, pH=7.8.

Example 14

(116) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(117) 50% of an anode material, 40% of a cathode material, and 10% of a binder, wherein

(118) the anode material: a mixture of iron and aluminum in a mass ratio of 1:0.8;

(119) the cathode material: carbon;

(120) the binder: a mixture of clay and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 1:1.

(121) This filter material was applied to a closed freshwater aquarium system with serious pollution and high aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=412.8 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=11.3 mg/L, nitrate=63.5 mg/L, nitrite=0.73 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=3.2 mg/L, bacteria content=810.sup.6/mL, pH=6.1.

(122) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=180.3 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=8.4 mg/L, nitrate=51.1 mg/L, nitrite=0.61 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=3.9 mg/L, bacteria content=1.510.sup.3/mL, pH=7.6. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=74.5 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=5.2 mg/L, nitrate=35.7 mg/L, nitrite=0.42 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=4.3 mg/L, and bacteria content=510.sup.2/mL, pH=7.9.

Example 15

(123) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(124) 50% of an anode material, 40% of a cathode material, and 10% of a binder, wherein

(125) the anode material: a mixture of iron and zinc in a mass ratio of 1:0.3;

(126) the cathode material: a mixture of carbon and manganese in a mass ratio of 1:0.3;

(127) the binder: polyvinyl alcohol.

(128) This filter material was applied to a closed freshwater aquarium system with moderate pollution and general aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=252.4 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=8.6 mg/L, nitrate=57.7 mg/L, nitrite=0.06 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=4.3 mg/L, bacteria content=610.sup.4/mL, pH=6.8.

(129) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=89.3 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=5.6 mg/L, nitrate=35.1 mg/L, nitrite=0.05 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5 mg/L, bacteria content=110.sup.3/mL, pH=7.5. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=39.9 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=3.7 mg/L, nitrate=22.2 mg/L, nitrite=0.01 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5.7 mg/L, bacteria content=210.sup.2/mL, pH=7.9.

Example 16

(130) A filter material for a culture system consisted of the following components (% by mass):

(131) 50% of an anode material, 40% of a cathode material, and 10% of a binder, wherein

(132) the anode material: a mixture of iron, aluminum and zinc in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.2;

(133) the cathode material: a mixture of carbon and manganese in a mass ratio of 1:0.2;

(134) the binder: sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

(135) This filter material was applied to a closed seawater aquarium system with serious pollution and high aquaculture density. Before the application of this filter material, the water quality was: COD=533.4 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=13.3 mg/L, nitrate=73.1 mg/L, nitrite=0.58 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=3.8 mg/L, bacteria content=710.sup.7/mL, pH=6.3.

(136) This filter material was directly placed in the water body of the aquarium (the mass of this filter material:the volume of the water body=1:20 g/mL). After treating with this filter material for 24 h, the water quality was: COD=78.1 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=5.2 mg/L, nitrate=47.8 mg/L, nitrite=0.3 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=4.4 mg/L, bacteria content=210.sup.3/mL, pH=6.8. After treating for 48 h, the water quality was: COD=33 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen=2.5 mg/L, nitrate=20.3 mg/L, nitrite=0.15 mg/L, dissolved oxygen=5 mg/L, bacteria content=1.510.sup.2/mL, pH=7.

(137) In-situ treatment of water body in an aquarium.

(138) 4 groups of aquariums without filters were selected. Each group contained 15 L of freshwater. In each group, 5 healthy cyprinoids of 20-25 cm in length were normally fed with a same amount of feedstuff every day. The 4 groups of aquariums were treated as follows at the beginning of the experiment.

(139) Experiment group 1: no treatment was performed.

(140) Experiment group 2: a commercially available aquaculture filter materialactive carbon (active carbon particles with a diameter of 1 mm) was placed in the aquarium.

(141) Experiment group 3: a commercially available aquaculture filter materialbiosphere (containing nitrifying bacteria) was placed in the aquarium.

(142) Experiment group 4: the filter material of Example 1 of the present invention was placed in the aquarium.

(143) The filter material of all of the above experiment groups were placed in filter cartridges of the same type, the ratio of the mass of the used filter material to the total volume of water was 750 g:15 L, and the filter cartridges containing the filter materials were placed in the water body of the aquariums. The filter cartridges were connected to air pumps, so that water was suction-filtered through the filter cartridges of these groups and the filtered water was returned to the aquarium, repeating this cycle.

(144) The concentrations of COD, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite and dissolved oxygen, as well as bacteria contents and pH values in the water bodies were tested every 10 days. The results were shown in FIGS. 1-7.

(145) As can be seen from FIGS. 1-7:

(146) for experiment group 1 in which no treatment was performed, the water quality rapidly deteriorated after day 10 of the experimentation;

(147) for experiment group 2, the commercially available aquaculture filter material-active carbon initially had good adsorption and treatment effect, but the treatment effect gradually deteriorated after 30 days along with the consumption of the filter material;

(148) for experiment group 3, the commercially available aquaculture filter materialbiosphere had less obvious treatment effect at an earlier stage because effective bacteria needs time to colonize and function, and had various treatment effects at later stage depending on the colonization and water quality;

(149) for experimental group 4, the filter material of Example 1 of the present invention had effects immediately when the filter material was placed in the water, it decomposed pollutants and harmful bacteria in the water, maintained excellent water quality, and kept stable function for a long time along with the peeling and renewal of the surface of the filter material.