Hot rolling method

Abstract

A method for the regulation of at least one of the parameters () of a hot rolling process of a semi-finished metal product in at least one rolling mill stand having at least two work rolls is provided. The regulation method includes calculating a forward slip ratio (FWS) with the following equation: $\mathrm{FWS}=\frac{\left|v_{\mathrm{exit}}-v_{\mathrm{stand}}\right|}{v_{\mathrm{stand}}}$
where v.sub.exit is the speed of the semi-finished product at the exit of the respective stand and v.sub.stand is the linear velocity of the work rolls; calculating an estimated coefficient of friction (.sub.real) as a function of a measured value of the screwdown force (F) of the work rolls in the stand and of the forward slip ratio (FWS); and regulating at least one of the parameters () based on the calculated estimated coefficient of friction (.sub.real).

Claims

1. A method for the regulation of at least one parameter () of a hot rolling process of a semi-finished metal product in at least one rolling mill stand having at least two work rolls, the regulation method comprises the steps of: calculating a forward slip ratio (FWS) by means of the following equation: $\mathrm{FWS}=\frac{\left|v_{\mathrm{exit}}-v_{\mathrm{stand}}\right|}{v_{\mathrm{stand}}}$ where v.sub.exit is a speed of the semi-finished product at an exit of a respective stand and v.sub.stand is a linear velocity of two work rolls; calculating an estimated coefficient of friction (.sub.real) as a function of a measured value of a screwdown force (F) of the two work rolls in the stand and of the forward slip ratio (FWS) calculated previously; and regulating the at least one parameter () based on the calculated estimated coefficient of friction (.sub.real); and wherein during the step of calculating the estimated coefficient of friction (.sub.real), a target value of the coefficient of friction (.sub.target) is predetermined, and the coefficient of friction (.sub.real) is calculated in real time; during the regulating step, when |.sub.target.sub.real| is greater than a predetermined value (), the corresponding at least one parameter () is adjusted so that |.sub.target.sub.real| becomes less than or equal to the predetermined value ().

2. The regulation method according to claim 1, further comprising, before the calculation of the forward slip ratio, the step of: measuring a speed of the semi-finished product at the exit (v.sub.exit) from the stand, a time between the measurement of (v.sub.exit) and the calculation of the coefficient of friction (.sub.real) being less than or equal to 100 ms.

3. The regulation method according to claim 2, wherein the time between the measurement of v.sub.exit and the calculation of .sub.real is less than or equal to 50 ms.

4. The regulation method according claim 1, wherein the time between the measurement of v.sub.exit and the regulation of the at least one parameter () is less than or equal to 500 ms.

5. The regulation method according to claim 1, further comprising, subsequent to the step of the regulation of the at least one parameter (), a correction step comprising: regulating the screwdown force F as a function of the calculated values of the forward slip ratio (FWS) and of the coefficient of friction (.sub.real).

6. The regulation method according to claim 1, further comprising, subsequent to the step of the regulation of at least one parameter (), a tension correction step comprising: regulating an entry tension (.sub.entry) and an exit tension (.sub.exit) of the strip as a function of the calculated values of the forward slip ratio (FWS) and of the coefficient of friction (.sub.real).

7. A method for hot rolling a semi-finished metal product in at least one rolling mill stand having at least two work rolls comprising the step of: hot rolling a semi-finished metal product in at least one rolling mill stand having at least two work rolls; and regulating the at least one parameter () according to regulation method of claim 1.

8. The rolling method according to claim 7, wherein a lubricating emulsion composed of oil and water is injected at a level of a gap between the two work rolls and wherein the at least one parameter () is an injection flow of the oil (Q.sub.oil).

9. The rolling method according to claim 7, wherein the rolled metal semi-finished product is an aluminum strip.

10. The rolling method according to claim 7, wherein the rolled metal semi-finished product is a steel strip.

11. The rolling method according to claim 10, wherein the rolled steel strip is a Very High Strength or Ultra High Strength steel strip.

12. The rolling method according to claim 10, wherein the rolled steel strip has a thickness at the end of rolling of 3 mm or less.

13. A hot rolling mill comprising: at least one rolling mill stand having at least two work rolls; a processing unit configured to regulate the at least one parameter according to the regulating step of claim 7.

14. The hot rolling mill according to claim 13, further comprising: a laser velocimeter for measuring the speed of the semi-finished product v.sub.exit at the exit from the rolling mill stand.

15. Computer readable media, having stored thereon, computer executable instructions for performing a method comprising the regulation method of claim 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a reading of the following description.

(2) To illustrate the invention, tests have been conducted and will be described by way of non-restricting examples, in particular with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(3) FIG. 1 shows a two-stand rolling mill equipped with one embodiment of a regulation device according to the invention,

(4) FIG. 2 shows the different variables utilized in one embodiment of a regulation method according to the invention,

(5) FIG. 3 shows a control diagram according to a first embodiment of the invention,

(6) FIG. 4 shows a control diagram according to a second embodiment of the invention,

(7) FIG. 5 shows the start of the injection of oil and the motor torque as a function of time during a test utilizing a regulation method according to the invention, and

(8) FIG. 6 shows the thickness of the rolled strip at the exit from the stand as a function of time during a test utilizing a regulation method according to the invention.

(9) FIG. 1 shows a metallic strip B in the process of being rolled in a rolling mill comprising two stands 1, 2 in which the strip B is engaged simultaneously, for example a finishing mill for the hot rolling of steel strip. Rolling mills of this type generally comprise 5, 6 or 7 stands. Each of the stands 1, 2 conventionally comprises two work rolls 1a, 1a and 2a, 2a and two backup rolls 1b, 1b and 2b, 2b. Each stand is activated by a pair of motors C.sub.1, C.sub.2 (not shown). The distance between the two work rolls, respectively 1a-1a and 2a-2a is called the gap S (not shown) and is regulated by means of screwdown mechanisms 7.

(10) The rolls are lubricated at the level of each of the stands by an injection device 3 such as, for example, spray nozzles that make it possible to spray an oil and water emulsion.

(11) According to one embodiment of the invention, a speed measurement device 4 is located at the exit from the first stand in the direction of travel of the strip, this device 4 making it possible to measure the speed of the strip as it exits the stand v.sub.exit. This device may be, by way of example, an optical measurement device such as a laser velocimeter. This speed measurement makes it possible to calculate in real time the FWS (ForWard Slip) ratio on the basis of the following formula:

(12) $\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{FWS}=\frac{\left|v_{\mathrm{exit}}-v_{\mathrm{stand}}\right|}{v_{\mathrm{stand}}}& \left(\mathrm{Formula}1\right)\end{array}$
where: v.sub.exit is the speed of the strip at the exit from the stand, for example measured by means of the device 4. v.sub.stand is the linear velocity of the work rolls calculated according to the following formula:
v.sub.stand=R(Formula 2) where R is the radius of the work roll and the angular velocity of the work rolls measured, for example, by an impulse generator.

(13) The velocities v.sub.exit and v.sub.stand can be expressed in any unit of velocity, although they must both be expressed in this same unit. Likewise, the unit in which the angular velocity is expressed must be consistent with the unit in which v.sub.stand is expressed.

(14) Also according to one embodiment of the invention, a force measurement device 5 that makes it possible to measure the screwdown force F of the work rolls in real time is also provided at the level of each stand. These devices, which are well known to a person skilled in the art, can be, for example, strain gauges installed on the uprights of the stand or under the screwdown mechanism 7.

(15) The measured data of the screwdown force F and the speed of the strip at the exit v.sub.exit are transmitted to a processing unit 6 which can then, as a function of these measurements and other previously recorded parameters, send settings, for example, to the lubricant emulsion injection nozzles 3 or to the screwdown mechanism 7.

(16) A processing unit 6 that makes it possible to implement one embodiment of the regulation method according to the invention is described below with reference to FIG. 3.

(17) The speed of the strip at the exit from the stand v.sub.exit and the angular velocity of the work rolls are measured in line and their values are sent to a first computer 8. This first computer 8 comprises at least one internal memory where the value of the radius R of the work rolls is stored, which makes it possible to calculate the linear velocity of the work rolls v.sub.stand and then the value of the forward slip ratio FWS according to formula 1.

(18) The calculated value FWS is then transmitted to a second computer 9 that also receives as input data the value of the screwdown force F measured in real time by the sensor 5. This second computer comprises at least one internal memory where the parameters P.sub.1 are stored. These parameters P.sub.1 are a function of the model selected for the calculation of the coefficient of friction .sub.real.

(19) Different simplified models can be adapted to obtain the calculation of the coefficient of friction .sub.real from the values of the forward slip FWS and the screwdown force F. These models are known in their general outlines but not in their particular application as described in the invention.

(20) By way of example, we will describe below the utilization for purposes of the invention of the Orowan model, as well as of other models known to a person skilled in the art, such as the SIMS or Bland & Ford models. The general theory of each of these three models is described, for example, in The calculation of roll pressure in hot and cold flat rolling, E. Orowan, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, June 1943, Vol. 150, No. 1, pp. 140-167 for the Orowan model, The calculation of roll force and torque in hot rolling mills, R. B. Sims, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, June 1954, Vol. 168, No. 1, pp. 191-200 for the Sims model, The Calculation of Roll Force and Torque in Cold Strip Rolling with Tensions, D. R. Bland and H. Ford, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, June 1948, Vol. 149, p. 144, for the Bland & Ford model.

(21) To calculate the coefficient of friction .sub.real in real time using the Orowan model, the parameters P.sub.1 are the entry thickness e.sub.entry and exit thickness e.sub.exit of the strip, the entry tension .sub.entry and the exit tension .sub.exit of the strip, wherein in this example these parameters are set at the beginning of rolling but can also be estimated or measured in real time. These parameters are illustrated in FIG. 2.

(22) On the basis of this data, the second computer 9 also calculates the coefficient of friction .sub.real, which data is transmitted to a processor 10. The calculation time of .sub.real is less than or equal to 100 ms and preferably less than or equal to 50 ms.

(23) The input data of the processor 10 are .sub.real, a target value of the coefficient of friction .sub.target determined on the basis of charts or modeling, as a function of the grade of steel of the rolled strip, the number of kilometers of strip rolled on the installation under consideration, the wear of the rolls, the type of oil used, etc., as well as a parameter .sub.0. This parameter is the initial value of the process parameter that will be used to regulate the coefficient of friction .sub.real.

(24) This parameter can be, by way of example, the injection flow Q.sub.oil of the lubricant oil. The initial value can be determined, for example, by means of charts or by modeling.

(25) The value of the coefficient of friction .sub.real is then compared to the target value of the coefficient of friction .sub.target. If the absolute value of the difference between these two values |.sub.target.sub.real| is greater than a predetermined value , a new value of the parameter .sub.n is then calculated and applied so that the value of the calculated coefficient of friction .sub.real is brought to a value closer to the target value .sub.target, the purpose of which is to prevent failure of the strip to thread properly and to prevent slip if .sub.real<.sub.target+ or premature wear of the work rolls and surface defects if it is not. For example, the injection flow Q.sub.oil of the lubricating oil can be reduced or increased. It is preferable to keep the flow of water in the emulsion constant for thermal considerations of cooling of the roll and proper operation to ensure that the injected emulsion covers a large part of the roll.

(26) The time that elapses between the measurement of the exit speed of the strip v.sub.exit and the receipt of the setting an is less than or equal to 500 ms, and preferably less than or equal to 150 ms.

(27) This succession of measurements, calculations and regulations can also be repeated until the end of the rolling of the strip under consideration and until the end of the rolling run.

(28) FIG. 4 shows a control diagram according to a second embodiment of the invention.

(29) The difference from the first embodiment described above and illustrated in FIG. 3 is that the values FWS and .sub.real calculated by the computers 8 and 9 respectively are transmitted to a second processor 11. The input data of this second processor are therefore FWS, .sub.real as well as a set of parameters P.sub.2. These parameters P.sub.2 are a function of the model selected for the calculation of the coefficient of friction .sub.real.

(30) If we use the Orowan model as in the previous embodiment, the parameters P.sub.2 are the entry thickness e.sub.entry and exit thickness e.sub.exit of the strip, the entry tension .sub.entry and the exit tension .sub.exit of the strip, the radius R of the rolls, wherein in this example, these parameters are set at the beginning of rolling, but may also be estimated or measured in real time. P.sub.2 also includes the modulus of deformation M of the rolling mill stand under consideration. This modulus, which is generally expressed in t/mm, characterizes the elastic deformation of the stand linked to the rolling force.

(31) On the basis of this data, the processor calculates, for example, the value of the rolling force F that must be applied to obtain the thickness e.sub.exit.

(32) The new value of the parameter can cause modifications to other parameters and can therefore create problems such as, for example, an under-thickness at the exit from the stand.

(33) If the injected oil flow Q.sub.oil is modified, the coefficient of friction .sub.real is modified, and consequently the force F applied by the roll on the strip. That is in turn translated by a modification of the thickness e.sub.exit of the strip at the exit from the stand, as illustrated in FIG. 5. It is therefore possible to obtain unsatisfactory thicknesses at the exit from the stand. If this problem occurs, the same model as the one used to calculate .sub.real can then be used, but in the reverse direction. In this case of the Orowan model, the parameters of entry thickness e.sub.entry, e.sub.exit, tension .sub.entry, .sub.exit, diameter D, the target coefficient of friction .sub.target, and the calculated forward slip ratio are input to thereby obtain the force F to be applied to the strip, and the necessary variation of the gap S according to formula 3 below, and the positions of the screwdown mechanism 7 that define the gap are consequently modified.

(34) $\begin{array}{cc}S\frac{F^{}-F}{M}& \left(\mathrm{Formula}3\right)\end{array}$
where: F is the value of the rolling force calculated by the processor 11. F is the value of the rolling force measured by the sensor 5. M is the modulus of deformation of the stand under consideration.
The units of these three variables must be consistent among themselves and can be, for example, Newtons for the forces F and F, and N/mm for the modulus of deformation M.

(35) This same calculation principle by inverse model can be used to control other parameters of the rolling process such as the tensions upstream and downstream of the stand .sub.entry, .sub.exit to prevent disruptions of the speed of the strip at the exit from rolling.

(36) The processing units described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 contain different elements such as calculators or processors, but it is also possible to envisage one and the same processor that makes it possible to perform the different calculation and setpoint operations, or any other possible configuration that makes possible the calculation and setpoint steps.

(37) Test

(38) A hot rolling method according to the invention was carried out with a DWI (Drawn and Wall Ironed) steel strip, wherein the lubrication oil used was a standard commercially available oil.

(39) The results are illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.

(40) As illustrated in FIG. 5, the injection flow Q.sub.oil is zero during the rolling of the head end of the strip. That is a deliberate choice, because this test was devoted principally to the lubrication of the tail of the strip.

(41) On the other hand, it can be seen that the oil injection flow Q.sub.oil was regulated until the end of rolling of the strip, which means that the tail end of the strip was also rolled in the presence of lubricant, which was not the case in the prior art.

(42) FIG. 6 presents the thickness of the strip at the stand exit e.sub.exit as a function of the rolling time. It will be noted that there is a drop in this thickness e.sub.exit after 10 seconds; this drop corresponds to what was explained above. The modification of the injected oil flow Q.sub.oil results in a modification of the applied force F, and in this case in a major reduction of the thickness e.sub.exit of the strip as it exits the stand. Thanks to the regulation illustrated in FIG. 4, a new screwdown force F is calculated and the gap S modified as a consequence to obtain an exit thickness e.sub.exit that meets the expectations of the customer. The increase and maintenance of the thickness e.sub.exit are visible in this FIG. 6.

(43) Neither forward slip nor any misthreading of the next strip occurred during this test, which means that the coefficient of friction was regulated reliably and effectively. Moreover, it was possible to roll the end of the strip in the presence of lubricant without any effect on the rolling of the next strip.