Method for preserving probiotic composition and use thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for preserving a probiotic composition, including: providing a bacterial cell suspension, which is one or more bacterial cell suspensions of a bacterium or Saccharomyces boulardii; mixing the bacterial cell suspension with a sodium alginate solution or an alginic acid solution; and adding the mixture to a calcium ion solution until the mixture is immobilized in a shape. The technology of the present invention has the effects of long-term preservation at room temperature and resistance to high temperature, and can be applied to ordinary bacterial strains, without being limited to a small number of bacterial species able to form endospore, and without requiring the strains to be frozen for preservation. The method of the present invention can be applied to the preparation of aquatic feeds, animal feeds, or probiotics that human beings need.

Claims

1. A probiotic composition prepared by a method comprising: providing a bacterial cell suspension comprising a combination of a strain of Shewanella sp. and a strain of Saccharomyces boulardii, mixing the bacterial cell suspension with 1% to 5% sodium alginate solution or 1% to 5% alginic acid solution at a weight ratio of 5:1 to 1:10 to obtain a mixture; and adding the mixture to a 1 to 3% calcium chloride solution until the mixture is immobilized into a shape; and carrying out a drying process.

2. The probiotic composition of claim 1, wherein the bacterial cell suspension is mixed with a 3% sodium alginate solution, wherein the weight ratio is 1:2 and the mixture is added to 2.5% calcium chloride solution.

3. The probiotic composition of claim 1, wherein the probiotic composition is for application during a preparation process of a feed.

4. The probiotic composition of claim 1, wherein the probiotic composition is for application as an oral probiotic.

5. The probiotic composition according to claim 2, wherein the strains of the probiotic composition are preserved at a room temperature of 15-35° C. for 36 months.

6. The probiotic composition according to claim 2, wherein the strains of the probiotic composition are preserved at 121° C. for 6 minutes.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for preserving a probiotic composition of the present invention;

(2) Table 1 shows applications of probiotics in aquaculture; and

(3) Table 2 shows a test of the viable bacteria count released by liquid Shewanella sp. and dry Shewanella sp.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(4) Feed nutrients are important factors in promoting the growth of and maintaining the health of aquatic organisms, including essential nutrients (such as energy-yielding nutrients such as proteins and amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and essential fatty acids), vitamins (such as vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E), minerals (such as phosphorus, iron, and selenium), other non-nutrient materials such as immunostimulatory agents (such as vaccine, adjuvant, glucan, nucleotides, animal extracts, vegetable extracts, and levamisole), and probiotics.

(5) A microorganism preparation consists of a single or mixed probiotics. Probiotics, which are living microorganisms able to improve the intestinal flora balance and health of the host, are broadly defined as living bacteria applied to humans or other animals and able to benefit the host by improving the intestinal microbial balance. Both single and mixed strains can be considered as probiotics.

(6) Probiotics can be used as a biological agent for improving intestinal and gastric flora and enzymatic digestion, inhibiting pathogeny microorganisms, resisting the activation of mutations and cancers, and increasing immune responses by being eaten.

(7) Probiotics in water listed in Table.1 (Martinez Cruz et al., 2012) are defined as having abilities to secret antibacterial substances beneficial to the host, compete with and repel pathogens, increase the feed efficiency, provide nutritional value, improve water quality, increase disease resistance, and so on. There are many probiotics species applicable to aquaculture at present, and studies show that specific probiotic strains can even stabilize the water quality, increase the feed conversion rate of aquatic organisms, or enhance the disease resistance.

(8) Table 1. Applications of Probiotics in Aquaculture

Table 1. Application of Probiotics in Aquaculture

(9) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Applications of probiotics in aquaculture Table 1. Applications of probiotics in aquaculture. Application Identity of the probiotic Applied to aquatic species Growth promoter Bacillus sp. S11 Penaeus monodon Bacillus sp. Catfish Carnobacterium divergens Gadus morhua Alteromonas CA2 Crassostrea gigas Lactobacillus helveticus Scophthalmus maximus Lactobacillus lactis AR21 Brachionus plicatilis Streptococcus thermophilius Scophthalmus maximus Streptomyces Xiphophorus helleri L. casei Poeciliopsis gracilis Bacillus NL 110, Vibrio NE 17 Macrobrachium rosenbergii Bacillus coagulans Cyprinus carpio koi Pathogen inhibitor Bacillus sp. Penaeids Enterococcus faecium SP 68 Anguilla anguilla L. rhamnosus ATCC53103 Oncorhynchus mykiss Micrococcus luteus A1-6 Oncorhynchus mykiss Pseudomonas fluorescens Oncorhynchus mykiss P. flurorescens AH2 Oncorhynchus mykiss Pseudomonas sp. Oncorhynchus mykiss Roseobacter sp. BS. 107 Scallop larvae Saccharomyces cerevidae, S. exiguous, Litopenaeus vannamei Phaffia rhodozyma Vibrio alginolyticus Salmonids V. fluvialis Oncorhynchus mykiss Tetraselmis suecica Salmo solar Carnobacterium sp. Hg4-03 Hepialus gonggaensis larvae Lactobacillus acidophilus Clarias gariepinus Bacillus spp., Enterococcus sp. Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis Lactococcus lactis Epinephelus coioides Nutrient digestibility L. helveticus Scophthalmus maximus Bacillus NL 110, Vibrio NE 17 Macrobrachium rosenbergii Carnobacterium sp. Hg4-03 Hepialus gonggaensis larvae Lactobacillus acidophillus Clarias gariepinus Shewanella putrifaciens Pdp11 Solea senegalensis Water quality Bacillus sp. 48 Penacus monodon Bacillus NL 110, Vibrio sp. NE 17 Macrobrachium rosenbergii Lactobacillus acidophilus Clarias gariepinus B. coagulans SC8168 Pennaeus vannamei Bacillus sp., Saccharomyces sp. Penaeus monodon Stress tolerance Lactobacillus delbrueckii Dicentracarchus labrax Alteromonas sp. Sparus auratus B. subtilis, L. acidophilus, S. cerevisiae Paralichthys olivaceus L. casei Poecilopsis gracilis Pediococcus acidilactici Litopenaeus stylirostris Shewanella purificiens Pdp11 Makinaki Reproduction Bacillus subtilis Poecilia reticulata, Xiphophorus improvement L. rhamnosus maculatus L. acidophilus, L. casei, Enterococcus Xiphophorus helleri faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum

(10) Adding antibiotics to the feed is one of the most effective strategies for disease control in large-scale farming environments, and the administration of drugs can be used for diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases.

(11) The present invention provides a method for preserving a probiotic composition, including: providing one or more bacterial cell suspensions of a bacterium or Saccharomyces boulardii and a sodium alginate solution or an alginic acid solution, and mixing the bacterial cell suspension with the sodium alginate solution or the alginic acid solution at a weight ratio of 5:1 to 1:10 (S100); adding the mixture to a calcium ion solution (S200) until the mixture is immobilized in a shape (S300); and carrying out a drying process (S400).

Example 1

(12) The present invention provides a method for preserving a probiotic composition. A bacterial cell suspension of Saccharomyces boulardii and a sodium alginate solution were provided. Sodium alginate was 1%-10% based on the weight of the solution, and calcium ion was 0.5%-5% based on the weight of the calcium ion solution. The bacterial cell suspension was mixed with the sodium alginate solution at a weight ratio of 2:1, and the mixture was continuously added dropwise to a calcium ion solution until the mixture was immobilized in a shape. Then a drying process was carried out.

Example 2

(13) The present invention provides a method for preserving a probiotic composition. Bacterial cell suspensions of Pantoea sp., Lactic acid bacteria, and Saccharomyces boulardii and a sodium alginate solution were provided. The three bacterial cell suspensions were mixed, and then the mixture was mixed with the alginic acid solution at a weight ratio of 1:3. Energy-yielding nutrients (such as mineral phosphorus) and other non-nutrient materials (such as animal extracts such as fish powder, fresh and bone powder, and scallop extracts) needed for aquaculture were added to the mixture. The mixture was added dropwise to a calcium ion solution until the mixture was immobilized in a shape. Then a drying process was carried out.

(14) In the method for preserving a probiotic composition of the present invention, sodium alginate or alginic acid is 1%-10%, preferably 1%-6%, and most preferably 1%-5% based on the weight of the solution.

(15) In the method for preserving a probiotic composition of the present invention, calcium ion is 0.5%-5%, preferably 1%-3%, and most preferably 1.5%-2.5% based on the weight of the calcium ion solution.

(16) Probiotics commonly used for commercial use at present include two bacteria, namely, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium (also known as Bifidus); and Saccharomyces boulardii which is a species of yeast used for treating some diarrhea and infectious enteritis caused by bacteria.

(17) The bacterial cell suspension of the present invention can be bacterial cell suspensions of all bacteria and of Saccharomyces boulardii. Therefore, a combination of any bacterium and Saccharomyces boulardii may be used, a combination of any two bacteria may be used, or a combination of any two or more bacteria and Saccharomyces boulardii may be used.

(18) As described above, the bacterium is preferably Shewanella sp., Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp., photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., and Saccharomyces boulardii.

(19) Shewanella sp. are gram-negative acteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, do not form spores, are covered with cilium, have a single flagellum, and have a length of 2-3 μm and a diameter of 0.4-0.7 μm.

(20) In the method for preserving a probiotic composition of the present invention, the calcium ion solution is any combination of more than one of a calcium chloride solution, a calcium lactate solution, a calcium carbonate solution, a calcium acetate solution, a calcium citrate solution, or a calcium oxalate solution. Therefore, a combination of more than one calcium ion solution can be used during the process of the method for preserving a probiotic composition, so that the mixture obtained after the bacterial cell suspension is mixed with the sodium alginate solution or alginic acid solution can be immobilized in a shape after being added dropwise into the mixed calcium ion solutions. A drying process may further be carried out.

(21) The health of the human body is closely related to the composition of intestinal probiotic flora. Different flora species are related to each other, the flora and the host are related to each other, and the flora, the host, and the environment are also related to each other. One or more species of microorganisms, when fed to humans or animals, can improve the intestinal flora quality. If the composition of flora is relatively stable, the probiotic composition of the present invention being a dominant strain can exhibit improved performance in the host.

(22) Preferably, the calcium ion solution may be further subjected to a sterilizing process to enable the probiotic composition of the present invention to become a dominant strain in the host.

(23) As described above, the calcium ion solution is preferably a calcium chloride solution.

(24) Luria-Bertani broth (LB broth) is the most commonly used nutritious broth in microbiological experiments, is used for culturing bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and includes a liquid medium and a solid medium made by adding Agar.

(25) Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) can maintain osmotic pressure, is non-toxic for cells, and is a commonly used buffer solution in biological study. 10 times (10×) PBS is a commonly seen method for formulating a concentrated phosphate buffered saline.

(26) Bacterial cell suspension entrapment means that the mixture of the bacterial cell suspension and the sodium alginate solution or the alginic acid solution is added dropwise down into the calcium chloride solution under by gravity, spraying, or other common means to be immobilized into particles, or may be added dropwise to a special mold in the calcium ion solution to be immobilized in an unspecified shape, or the mixture of the bacterial cell suspension and the sodium alginate solution or the alginic acid solution may be placed in a mold first and then the mold is placed into the calcium ion solution to immobilize the mixture.

(27) As described above, the mixture of the bacterial cell suspension and the sodium alginate solution or the alginic acid solution is preferably dropped, with the droplet size being adjusted, into the calcium ion solution to be immobilized in a shape.

(28) As described above, the mixture of the bacterial cell suspension and the sodium alginate solution or the alginic acid solution is preferably dropped at constant speed into the calcium ion solution to be immobilized in a shape.

Example 3

(29) In the present invention, 3% sodium alginate solution was mixed evenly with a probiotic bacterial suspension for use in aquaculture at a weight ratio of 1:2, the probiotics being Shewanella sp., Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp., Lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium sp., yeast, or Bacillus sp., and the mixture was then added dropwise to 2.5% calcium chloride solution to be immobilized in a shape, and then dried and added to an ordinary feed preparation process to prepare to an aquaculture feed.

(30) Experimental Method

(31) Shewanella sp. bacterial suspension culture

(32) (1) Material Preparation:

(33) Experimental materials: LB broth, agar, sodium alginate, calcium chloride, and PBS (10×) pH 7.4

(34) LB broth: LB broth containing 10 g/L Tryptone, 5 g/L yeast extract, and 5 g/L NaCl was prepared by using primary water.

(35) (2) Experimental Methods:

(36) A single colony of Shewanella sp. was placed in 5 mL LB broth and shake-cultured at 37° C. for 16 hours, and then poured into 1 L LB broth, shake-cultured at 37° C. for 16 hours, and diluted by LB broth to OD.sub.600=1.8 through spectrophotometer to obtain the bacterial cell suspension.

(37) Probiotic Bacterial Suspension Entrapment

(38) (1) Material Preparation:

(39) (a) Sodium alginate solution: 30 g sodium alginate was added to 1000 mL primary water.

(40) (b) Calcium chloride solution: 25 g calcium chloride was added to 1000 mL primary water.

(41) (2) Experimental Methods:

(42) The bacterial cell suspension and the sodium alginate solution were mixed evenly at a weight ratio of 1:2, and then the mixture was added dropwise to the calcium chloride solution by gravity to be immobilized in a shape, dried at 37° C., and tested.

(43) Heat Resistance Test

(44) (1) Drug Preparation:

(45) (a) LB broth: LB broth containing 10 g/L Tryptone, 5 g/L yeast extract, and 5 g/L NaCl was prepared by using primary water.

(46) (b) LB culture plate: 8 g LB broth was mixed with 6 g Agar, fixed to volume of 400 mL with primary water, sterilized and then poured to a petri dish for use.

(47) (c) 1×PBS: 10×PBS (1.37 M NaCl, 0.1 M Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4, 27 mM KCl, and 18 mM KH.sub.2PO.sub.4 pH7.4) was diluted to 1× with primary water.

(48) (2) Experimental Methods:

(49) After dried Shewanella sp. were preserved at room temperature for a year, a dry bead containing bacteria formed through probiotic bacterial suspension entrapment and 1 mL bacterial cell suspension were treated at 121° C. for 6 min. The dry bead containing bacteria was then placed in 1 mL 1×PBS, respectively sampled for 100 μL at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 h. The samples were plated on the LB culture plate, and cultured at 37° C. for 24 hours. Then the colony counts were calculated.

(50) Shewanella sp. (liquid): liquid Shewanella sp.

(51) Shewanella sp. (dry): dry Shewanella sp.

(52) Experimental Results

(53) Samples were respectively sampled at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 h after treatment at 121° C. for 6 min, and there were still some surviving strains. Results are as follows:

(54) Table 2

(55) Table 2. Test of the viable bacteria count released by liquid Shewanella sp. and dry Shewanella sp.

(56) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Test of the viable bacteria count released by liquid Shewanella sp. and dry Shewanella sp. Shewanella sp. Shewanella sp. Time (liquid) Bacteria (dry) Bacteria (hour) count/100 μl count/100 μl 0 0 56 0.5 0 96 1 0 100 1.5 0 73 2 0 69 2.5 0 61 3 0 72 3.5 0 113 4 0 155

Example 4

(57) According to the method for preserving a probiotic composition of the present invention, a bacterial cell suspension, which was one or more bacterial cell suspensions of a bacterium or Saccharomyces boulardii, was provided. The bacterial cell suspension was mixed with the sodium alginate solution or the alginic acid solution at a weight ratio of 5:1 to 1:10, and the mixture was added to a calcium ion solution to be immobilized in a shape, thus obtaining the probiotic composition of the present invention.

Example 5

(58) The probiotic composition prepared by the method for preserving a probiotic composition of the present invention was added to an ordinary aquatic feed or animal feed preparation process to prepare a feed.

Example 6

(59) The probiotic composition prepared by the method for preserving a probiotic composition of the present invention was added to a human food or dietary supplement for human consumption.

(60) The experimental results of Example 3 show that strains of the probiotic composition are preserved at room temperature, where the strains of the probiotic composition can be preserved at room temperature of 15-35° C. for 36 months with some strains surviving.

(61) The experimental results of Example 3 show that strains of the probiotic composition are preserved under high temperature treatment, where after strains of the probiotic composition are treated at 121° C. for 6 min, at 95° C. for 10 min, or at 65° C. for 24 h, there are still some strains surviving.

(62) The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.