Shear bar

Abstract

The invention relates to a shear bar (20), in particular for a forage harvester or another agricultural or silvicultural machine, having a carrier (21) that comprises a cutting region (30); a plurality of cutting elements (31) being set alongside one another in the cutting region (30); the cutting elements (31) comprising a partial edge and at least some of the partial edges forming a cutting edge (32) that is embodied to form, with a knife bar, a cutting engagement for the material to be shredded; the cutting edge (32) forming a transition between a cutting surface (32.1) that is constituted by the cutting elements (31) and extends transversely to the cutting direction, and an exposed surface (32.2) that extends substantially in a cutting direction and indirectly or directly adjoins the cutting edge (32). A shear bar of this kind can be configured to be break-resistant with little complexity in terms of parts and manufacture if provision is made that an infeed element (34), which is embodied as a sintered part made of hard material having an infeed bevel (34.6) profiled on in the sintering process, is provided on or in the row of cutting elements (31); the infeed bevel (34.6) being carried over indirectly or directly into the cutting edge (32); and the infeed bevel (34.6) being arranged at a tilt with respect to the cutting edge (32) in such a way that it is arranged with a setback with respect to the exposed surface (32.2) and toward the cutting surface (32.1).

Claims

1. A shear bar for a material shredder, comprising: a carrier including a cutting region; a plurality of cutting elements set alongside one another in a row extending in a longitudinal direction in the cutting region, each of the cutting elements including a partial edge, each of the partial edges being defined as a transition between a cutting surface of the cutting element extending transversely to a cutting direction and an exposed surface of the cutting element extending in the cutting direction, at least some of the partial edges of the cutting elements forming a cutting edge of the shear bar configured for cutting engagement with a material to be shredded; and an infeed element provided in the row of cutting elements as a longitudinal extension of the row of cutting elements, the infeed element being a sintered part including an infeed bevel profiled on the infeed element in a sintering process, the infeed bevel extending indirectly or directly to the cutting edge, the infeed bevel being arranged at a tilt with respect to the cutting edge such that the infeed bevel is arranged with a setback with respect to the exposed surfaces and toward the cutting surfaces of the cutting elements; wherein the infeed element includes a longitudinal center plane extending parallel to the cutting edge, and the infeed element includes a transverse center plane extending perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane and parallel to the cutting edge; and wherein the infeed bevel faces away from the carrier and is at an acute angle both to the longitudinal center plane and to the transverse center plane.

2. The shear bar of claim 1, wherein: the infeed element includes an infeed-element cutting edge aligned with the cutting edge of the shear bar.

3. The shear bar of claim 1, wherein: the infeed element includes an upper-side cover portion transitioning flush into the cutting surface of an adjacent one of the cutting elements.

4. The shear bar of claim 3, wherein: the infeed element includes a front-side exposed infeed-element surface transitioning flush into the exposed surface of the adjacent one of the cutting elements.

5. The shear bar of claim 4, wherein: the infeed bevel of the infeed element is delimited on oppositely located sides by an edge and by a transition region, the edge transitioning into the upper-side cover portion and the transition region transitioning into the front-side exposed infeed-element surface.

6. The shear bar of claim 5, wherein: the infeed bevel includes a surface-shaped portion extending in a direction of the cutting edge of the shear bar, the surface-shaped portion terminating at one longitudinal-side end in a first carryover region terminating in at least one of the upper-side cover portion and the front-side exposed infeed-element surface, the first carryover region adjoining the surface-shaped portion at an angle between flat surfaces or in a curved shape.

7. The shear bar of claim 6, wherein: the infeed element includes an abutment face at one longitudinal-side end adjacent the adjacent cutting element, and an end portion at an oppositely located longitudinal-side end; and the infeed element includes a second carryover region in a region of the end portion, the second carryover region adjoining the infeed bevel at an angle between flat surfaces or in a curved shape.

8. The shear bar of claim 4, wherein: the infeed element is delimited on its upper side by the upper-side cover portion and on its lower side by a bottom parallel to the upper-side cover portion; and the infeed element is delimited at its front by the front-side exposed infeed-element surface, and the front-side exposed infeed-element surface adjoins at least one of the upper-side cover portion and the bottom.

9. The shear bar of claim 1, wherein: the infeed element is a first infeed element provided at one longitudinal-side end of the row of cutting elements.

10. The shear bar of claim 9, further comprising: a second infeed element provided at an opposite longitudinal-side end of the row of cutting elements from the first infeed element.

11. The shear bar of claim 1, wherein: the infeed element is integrated into the row of cutting elements between two adjacent cutting elements.

12. The shear bar of claim 11, wherein: the infeed bevel is a first infeed bevel; and the infeed element includes a second infeed bevel at an angle to the first infeed bevel, and the infeed bevels transition into one another directly or via a joining portion.

13. The shear bar of claim 11, wherein: the infeed bevel is a first infeed bevel; and the infeed element is delimited on its upper side by an upper-side cover portion; the infeed element includes a second infeed bevel at an angle to the first infeed bevel, and the infeed bevels transition into one another via a joining portion; and the joining portion terminates with a joining edge forming a transition between the joining portion and the upper-side cover portion.

14. The shear bar of claim 13, wherein: the joining portion includes a flat surface or a concavely curved surface between the two infeed bevels.

15. The shear bar of claim 1, wherein: the row of cutting elements is a first row of cutting elements; and the carrier includes a second row of cutting elements on an opposite side of the carrier from the first row of cutting elements, the second row of cutting elements forming a second cutting edge and including at least one infeed element.

16. The shear bar of claim 1, further comprising: a row of armor elements located on an upper side of the carrier and adjoining the row of cutting elements, the armor elements being plate-shaped elements made of metal carbide.

17. A shear bar for a material shredder, comprising: a carrier including a cutting region; a plurality of cutting elements set alongside one another in a row extending in a longitudinal direction in the cutting region, each of the cutting elements including a partial edge, each of the partial edges being defined as a transition between a cutting surface of the cutting element extending transversely to a cutting direction and an exposed surface of the cutting element extending in the cutting direction, at least some of the partial edges of the cutting elements forming a cutting edge of the shear bar configured for cutting engagement with a material to be shredded; and an infeed element provided in the row of cutting elements as a longitudinal extension of the row of cutting elements, the infeed element being a sintered part including an infeed bevel profiled on the infeed element in a sintering process, the infeed bevel extending indirectly or directly to the cutting edge, the infeed bevel being arranged at a tilt with respect to the cutting edge such that the infeed bevel is arranged with a setback with respect to the exposed surfaces and toward the cutting surfaces of the cutting elements; wherein the infeed element includes a longitudinal center plane extending parallel to the cutting edge, and the infeed element includes a transverse center plane extending perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane and parallel to the cutting edge; and wherein the infeed bevel faces away from the carrier and is at an acute angle to the longitudinal center plane and is perpendicular to the transverse center plane.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention will be explained in further detail below with reference to exemplifying embodiments depicted in the drawings, in which:

(2) FIGS. 1 and 2 are various perspective depictions of a chopping drum;

(3) FIGS. 3 and 4 are enlarged depictions of details taken from FIGS. 1 and 2;

(4) FIG. 5 is a perspective depiction of a shear bar;

(5) FIG. 6 shows a detail that is taken from FIG. 5 and labeled VI therein;

(6) FIG. 7 shows the shear bar of FIG. 6 in a modified perspective;

(7) FIGS. 8 to 11 are various depictions of an infeed element for the shear bar according to FIGS. 5 to 7;

(8) FIGS. 12 to 15 are various depictions of a second exemplifying embodiment of an infeed element for the shear bar according to FIGS. 5 to 7;

(9) FIG. 16 a third exemplifying embodiment of an infeed element for the shear bar according to FIGS. 5 to 7;

(10) FIG. 17 a fourth exemplifying embodiment of an infeed element for the shear bar according to FIGS. 5 to 7;

(11) FIG. 18 is a perspective depiction of a further exemplifying embodiment of a shear bar;

(12) FIG. 19 shows a detail taken from FIG. 18 and labeled XIX in that illustration;

(13) FIG. 20 shows a detail taken from FIG. 18 and labeled XX in that illustration;

(14) FIG. 21 shows the shear bar according to FIG. 18 in a modified perspective;

(15) FIGS. 22 to 25 are various depictions of an infeed element for the shear bar according to FIGS. 18 to 21;

(16) FIG. 26 is a perspective depiction of a second variant of an infeed element for the shear bar according to FIG. 18;

(17) FIG. 27 is a perspective depiction of a third variant of an infeed element for the shear bar according to FIG. 18; and

(18) FIG. 28 is a perspective depiction of a fourth variant of an infeed element for the shear bar according to FIG. 18.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(19) FIG. 1 shows a chopping drum 10 that comprises a roller-shaped cutting body 11. Knife bars 13 are arranged on the outer circumference of cutting body 11. Knife bars 13 each have an edge 14. Knife bars 13 are mounted on the outer circumference of cutting body 11 in such a way that they are set at a cutting angle α. Cutting angle α is formed between edge 14 and an axial line proceeding parallel to the rotation axis of chopping drum 10.

(20) As is evident from the drawing, two rows of knife bars 13 are provided, proceeding in a circumferential direction of chopping drum 10. The arrangement of knife bars 13 is such that knife bars 13 of the one row of knife bars 13 are set in a V-shape with respect to the other row of knife bars 13. Identical cutting angles α are provided in each case. Cutting body 11 comprises, at its two longitudinal-side ends, bearing shafts 12 with which it can be held rotatably on a cutting unit.

(21) It is further evident from FIGS. 1 and 2 that a shear bar 20 is provided. Shear bar 20 forms a cutting edge 32. Chopping drum 10 is associated with shear bar 20 in such a way that upon a rotational motion of chopping drum 10, knife blades 13 can be guided with their edges 14 past cutting edge 32 with a small spacing. This is illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 3 and 4.

(22) FIGS. 3 and 4 shows details taken from FIGS. 1 and 2. As is evident from those illustrations, shear bar 20 comprises a carrier 21. This carrier 21 is constituted from a steel material. Carrier 21 comprises end pieces 22 at both of its longitudinal-side ends. End pieces 22 are equipped with fastening receptacles 23, for example fastening orifices; shear bar 20 can be releasably fastened, with fastening receptacles 23, in the region of the cutting unit.

(23) As is evident from FIG. 3, shear bar 20 possesses two cutting regions 30. Cutting regions 30 are provided on the oppositely located longitudinal sides of carrier 21.

(24) One row of cutting elements 31 is provided in each cutting region 30. Cutting elements 31 are constituted by hard-material elements, for example elements made of metal carbide or ceramic. Cutting elements 31 have substantially a cuboidal configuration. Cutting elements 31 are associated with carrier 21 in such a way that they sit with their narrow sides on a contact surface of carrier 21. The rear side of cutting elements 31 is braced with respect to a supporting surface of carrier 21. A solder join can be provided in the region of the rear sides and the contact surface. The use of another intermaterial join, for example an adhesive join, is also conceivable.

(25) That side of cutting elements 31 which is located oppositely from the contact surface forms a cutting surface 32.1. The free-standing edge of that cutting surface 32.1 forms a respective partial edge. The partial edge correspondingly constitutes a transition between cutting surface 32.1 and an exposed surface 32.2 adjacent thereto in a cutting direction. A continuous cutting edge 32 is thereby produced in cutting region 30. As is evident from the drawings, two cutting edges 32 are correspondingly provided in the two cutting regions 30 on oppositely located sides of carrier 21.

(26) Between the two rows of cutting elements 31, the upper side of carrier 21 is occupied by armor elements 35. Armor elements 35 can also be made of hard material, for example metal carbide or ceramic. They are intermaterially joined, for example adhesively bonded or soldered, to the upper side of carrier 21. Armor elements 35 are preferably set against one another with zero clearance at their longitudinal-side ends 35.1. The abutment faces between armor elements 35 are thereby also protected from erosion.

(27) It is further evident from FIGS. 3 and 4 that infeed elements 34 are provided at the longitudinal-side end of the two rows of cutting elements 31. Like cutting element 31, infeed elements 34 are made of a hard material, in particular metal carbide or ceramic material. Infeed elements 34 are sintered components that can be produced separately in a previous method step and can then be joined, for example adhesively bonded or soldered, to shear bar 20.

(28) The conformation of infeed elements 34 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 8 to 11.

(29) As these drawings show, infeed elements 34 can comprise an edge portion 34.1; that edge portion 34.1 then transitions preferably into cutting edge 32 of cutting element 31. Particularly preferably, that edge portion 34.1 is in alignment with cutting edge 32.

(30) Infeed element 34 furthermore comprises an infeed bevel 34.6. Infeed bevel 34.6 can be embodied as a flat surface or as a concave surface. Further, different geometries, for example convex infeed bevels, or combinations of the aforesaid geometries, are also conceivable. Particularly preferably, however, flat or concave infeed bevels 34.6 are used.

(31) Infeed element 34 possesses a front-side exposed infeed-element surface 34.5 that transitions, preferably steplessly, into exposed surface 32.2 of the adjacent cutting element 31, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

(32) Infeed element 34 is terminated on the upper side by a cover portion 34.12. This cover portion 34.12 transitions, preferably steplessly, into cutting surface 32.1 of the adjacent cutting element 31.

(33) Edge portion 34.1 of infeed element 34 can form, locally, a transition between cover portion 34.12 and exposed infeed-element surface 34.5.

(34) As is evident in particular from FIG. 8, infeed element 34 has an infeed bevel 34.6. This infeed bevel 34.6 is delimited on oppositely located sides by an edge 34.2 and by a transition portion 34.3. Edge 34.2 constitutes a transition between infeed bevel 34.6 and cover portion 34.12. Transition portion 34.3 constitutes a transition between infeed bevel 34.6 and exposed infeed-element surface 34.5.

(35) Infeed bevel 34.6 is arranged both at an angle to exposed infeed-element surface 34.5 and at an angle to cover portion 34.12. This is evident in particular from FIGS. 10 and 11. It is apparent from these drawings that infeed bevel 34.6 is arranged with a tilt both with respect to longitudinal center plane ML that proceeds in a longitudinal direction of infeed element 34 (see FIG. 11) and with respect to transverse center plane MQ that also proceeds in a longitudinal direction (see FIG. 10). As a result of this tilted arrangement, infeed bevel 34.6 is tilted in such a way that is arranged with a setback with respect to cutting edge 32.

(36) Exposed infeed-element surface 34.5 possesses a flat abutment face 34.9 on its side facing toward the adjoining cutting element 31. With this abutment face 34.9, infeed element 34 can be set with zero clearance alongside the adjoining cutting element 31.

(37) Infeed bevel 34.6 comprises carryover regions 34.7, 34.8 on its two longitudinal-side ends. The conformation of these carryover regions 34.7, 34.8 is evident from FIG. 11. As shown by that illustration, carryover regions 34.7, 34.8 can be embodied as flat surfaces that adjoin infeed bevel 34.6 at an angle. It is also conceivable to provide a curved conformation on carryover regions 34.7, 34.8. A harmonious transition to the adjacent regions of infeed element 34 can thereby be created. In the present exemplifying embodiment, carryover region 34.7 that faces toward abutment face 34.9 is embodied as a concave surface. Second carryover region 34.8 is embodied in the form of a flat surface that adjoins the surface-shaped infeed bevel 34.6 at an angle.

(38) Oppositely from cover portion 34.12, infeed element 34 possesses a bottom 34.10, and at the rear it has a rear wall 34.13. Infeed element 34 is braced against carrier 21, with the intermediary of an intermaterial join, at bottom 34.10 and at rear wall 34.13. The intermaterial join has a lower modulus of elasticity than infeed element 34. The intermaterial join thereby constitutes a buffer layer with which impact loads can be absorbed within certain limits. The intermediary intermaterial join furthermore serves to brace infeed element 34 in planar fashion in the region of bottom 34.10 and rear wall 34.13, so that the risk of breakage of the infeed element is considerably reduced.

(39) At the exposed end located oppositely from abutment face 34.9, infeed element 34 can also be equipped with an abutment region 34.11. In the present exemplifying embodiment, abutment region 34.11 is constituted as a convex wall portion. At this wall portion, infeed element 34 can again be intermaterially joined to carrier 21.

(40) As has been explained above, infeed element 34 is preferably made of metal carbide. According to the present invention it is embodied in such a way that infeed bevel 34.6 has already been profiled on in the sintering process. A laborious process of grinding the hard material is thereby eliminated. Correspondingly, upon production of infeed element 34, firstly a green compact having infeed bevel 34.6 pressed on is produced, and it is then fired in the sintering oven to produce the finished metal-carbide component in response to temperature.

(41) FIGS. 12 to 15 show an alternative variant embodiment of an infeed element 34. This infeed element 34 is configured substantially similarly to infeed element 34 according to FIGS. 8 to 11, and the statements made above can therefore be referred to in order to avoid repetition. As is evident from these illustrations, infeed element 34 differs in that abutment region 34.11 is not convexly curved but instead is embodied rectilinearly. In particular, it can be the case that abutment region 34.11 is parallel to the wall that forms abutment face 34.9.

(42) A further difference is the fact that infeed bevel 34.6 comprises only carryover region 34.8. The infeed bevel does not possess a carryover region on the other side. It is instead the case here that infeed bevel 34.6 extends considerably farther in a longitudinal direction, so that edge portion 34.1 is shorter than in the exemplifying embodiment according to FIGS. 8 to 11.

(43) FIGS. 16 and 17 show further alternatives for infeed element 34. With respect to these exemplifying embodiments as well, reference will be made substantially to the statements made above, and only the differences will be discussed below.

(44) In the variant according to FIG. 16, infeed bevel 34.6 is embodied so that it is at an angle only to longitudinal center plane ML. An incidence angle with respect to transverse center plan MQ does not exist here. Infeed bevel 34.6 is accordingly also tilted only in one plane. The result is to produce a perpendicularly proceeding transition portion 34.3. In contrast thereto, obliquely proceeding transition portions 34.3 are provided in the case of infeed elements 34.6 described earlier.

(45) Two carryover regions 34.7, 34.8 are again provided on infeed element 34 according to FIG. 16. Infeed element 34 according to FIG. 17, conversely, comprises only one carryover region 34.8. In addition, with infeed element 34 according to FIG. 16, similarly to FIG. 8, a convex abutment region 34.11 is provided, whereas the variant according to FIG. 17, like FIG. 12, provides for a planar abutment region 34.12.

(46) FIGS. 19 to 21 describe a further embodiment of a shear bar 20. This shear bar 20 has, in principle, the same overall configuration as shear bar 20 according to FIGS. 5 to 7. Only the differences will therefore be discussed. With this shear bar 20 according to FIGS. 18 to 21 as well, a carrier 21 having end pieces 22 and fastening receptacles 23 is once again provided. Two cutting regions 30, made up of cutting elements 31 set alongside one another, are once again formed.

(47) On shear bar 20 according to FIGS. 5 to 7, infeed elements 34 are provided on each of the longitudinal-side ends of cutting edges 32. This is also the case with shear bar 20 according to FIGS. 18 to 21. In addition, however, the shear bar according to FIGS. 18 to 21 also comprises infeed elements 34 that are introduced into the rows of cutting elements 31. Two additional infeed elements 34 are provided for each cutting edge 32.

(48) Reference is made to FIGS. 22 to 25 for a description of these introduced infeed elements 34. As these illustrations show, infeed elements 34 comprise edge portions 34.1 on oppositely located sides. Edge portions 34.1 constitute a transition between a front-side exposed infeed-element surface 34.5 and a cover portion 34.12.

(49) Infeed bevels 34.6 are provided adjacently to the two edge portions 34.1. Infeed bevels 34.6 are delimited on oppositely located sides by an edge 34.2 and by a transition portion 34.3. In that respect, the configuration of infeed element 34 corresponds to the previously described conformation of infeed elements 34, and all the variants that have been described above can also be implemented with reference to infeed element 34 according to FIGS. 22 to 25.

(50) In contrast to the exemplifying embodiments previously described, the infeed element possesses two infeed bevels 34.6 that are arranged with a tilt with respect to one another. Infeed bevels 34.6 are joined to one another via a joining portion 34.14. As shown in FIG. 22, joining portion 34.14 can be embodied as a concave curve. Also conceivable, however, is a planar flat configuration of joining portion 34.14 as shown in FIG. 26. The two infeed bevels 34.6 can also, as has been described above, be equipped with one or two carryover regions 34.7, 34.8 at the longitudinal-side ends.

(51) As FIG. 18 illustrates, these infeed elements 34 are integrated into the row of cutting elements 31 in such a way that a cutting element 31 is respectively directly adjacent on both sides. Edge portions 34.1 then both transition into the adjacent cutting edge 32. Exposed infeed-element surface 34.5 and cover portion 34.12 can each steplessly transition respectively into the adjoining exposed surfaces 32.2 and into the adjacent cutting surfaces 32.1 of the adjacent cutting elements 31.

(52) Shear bars 20 having a design in accordance with FIGS. 19 to 21 can be utilized with chopping drums 10 in which, in addition to the lateral rows of knife bars 13 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, further circumferential rows of knife bars are also provided between those two knife bars 13. These knife bars 13 are then also arranged with a tilt (angle α).

(53) On infeed element 34 according to FIG. 26, in contrast to the infeed element according to FIG. 25, a respective carryover region 34.7 is arranged in the transition region between joining portion 34.14 and infeed bevels 34.6.

(54) Infeed element 34 according to FIG. 27, unlike infeed element 34 according to FIG. 26, does not have a carryover region 34.7, 34.8. In addition, the configuration of infeed bevel 34.6 is modified: infeed bevel 34.6 extends over a larger region of exposed infeed-element surface 34.5 and is correspondingly set more steeply with respect to transition portion 34.6.

(55) Two carryover regions 34.7, 34.8 are provided on infeed element 34 according to FIG. 28. Infeed bevels 34.6 are each arranged with a tilt only in the direction of longitudinal center plane ML and not in the direction of transverse center plane MQ.