Bundled product and system

Abstract

A shippable bundled product including a plurality of paper product rolls each individually packaged by a first package material and arranged relative to one another so as to form a bundle. The bundle is packaged by a second package material. The second package material has a shrinkage factor relative to the bundle of less than zero.

Claims

1. A shippable bundled product comprising: a plurality of paper product rolls each individually packaged by a first package material and arranged relative to one another to form a bundle, each of the plurality of paper product rolls having a roll density between 9.5 cc/g to 12 cc/g, the bundle being packaged by a second package material that is heat shrunk relative to the first package material, wherein: the second package material has a shrinkage factor relative to the bundle of less than zero so that the second package material protrudes into spaces between the paper product rolls, a circumference of the second package material prior to heat shrinking is 25 mm or greater than a circumference of the bundle, the circumference of the second package material after heat shrinking is 10 mm or smaller than the circumference of the bundle, during the heat shrinking, more heat is applied to a top and a bottom of the bundle as compared to sides of the bundle, the first package material comprises high density and low density polyethylene, and the second package material comprises high density and low density polyethylene.

2. The product of claim 1, wherein the second package material has a higher quantity of high density polyethylene as compared to the first package material.

3. The product of claim 1, wherein the second package material comprises one or more outer layers that are comprised of 10-100% polypropylene.

4. The product of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second package materials comprise laminated layers of polypropylene film.

5. The product of claim 1, wherein the first package material has a higher percentage of anti-block resin as compared to the second package material.

6. The product of claim 1, wherein the second package material comprises a number of layers within the range of 3 to 5.

7. The product of claim 6, wherein a center layer of the second package material comprises a higher percentage of high density polyethylene as compared to outer layers of the second package material.

8. The product of claim 1, wherein the first package material has a higher quantity of anti-block resin on a side in contact with the second package material as compared to a side in contact with the individually packaged paper product rolls.

9. The product of claim 1, wherein a puncture resistance of the second package material is between 800-1200 gf.

10. The product of claim 1, wherein the second package material has a thickness between 1.0 to 3.5 thousands of an inch.

11. The product of claim 1, wherein the individually packaged paper product rolls are arranged relative to one another in a staggered/interlocking stacking pattern.

12. The product of claim 1, wherein the second package material is subjected to heat treatment.

13. The product of claim 12, wherein the second package material has a lower crystallinity after the heat treatment.

14. The product of claim 12, wherein the second package material has a surface area that is lower after the heat treatment.

15. The product of claim 12, wherein a temperature range of the heat treatment is between 300-400 degrees Fahrenheit.

16. The product of claim 12, wherein a duration of the heat treatment is between 20 to 45 seconds.

17. The product of claim 12, wherein the second package material exhibits anisotropic properties after heat treatment.

18. A shippable bundled product comprising: a plurality of paper product rolls each individually packaged by a first package material and arranged relative to one another to form a bundle, paper product that makes up the plurality of paper product rolls having a bulk greater than 400 microns, each of the plurality of paper product rolls having a diameter less than 122 mm, a roll width equal to or greater than 4 inches, and a roll density between 9.5 cc/g to 12 cc/g, the bundle being packaged by a second package material that is heat shrunk relative to the first package material, wherein: a circumference of the second package material prior to heat shrinking is 25 mm or greater than a circumference of the bundle, the circumference of the second package material after heat shrinking is 10 mm or smaller than the circumference of the bundle, during the heat shrinking, more heat is applied to a top and a bottom of the bundle as compared to sides of the bundle, the second package material has a shrinkage factor relative to the bundle of less than zero so that the second package material protrudes into spaces between the paper product rolls, and the first package material comprises high density and low density polyethylene and the second package material comprises high density and low density polyethylene.

19. The product of claim 18, wherein each of the plurality of paper product rolls has a Kershaw Firmness of less than 4 mm.

20. A shippable bundled product comprising: a plurality of paper product rolls each individually packaged by a first package material and arranged relative to one another to form a bundle, each of the plurality of paper product rolls having a roll density between 9.5 cc/g to 12 cc/g, the bundle being packaged by a second package material that is heat shrunk relative to the first package material, the second package material having a melting point between 120 and 140 deg C, wherein: a circumference of the second package material prior to heat shrinking is 25 mm or greater than a circumference of the bundle, the circumference of the second package material after heat shrinking is 10 mm or smaller than the circumference of the bundle, during the heat shrinking, more heat is applied to a top and a bottom of the bundle as compared to sides of the bundle, the second package material has a shrinkage factor relative to the bundle of less than zero so that the second package material protrudes into spaces between the paper product rolls, and the first package material comprises high density and low density polyethylene and the second package material comprises high density and low density polyethylene.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIGS. 1A and 1B are fragmentary side elevational views of a packaging machine which includes a sealing apparatus in accordance with the invention;

(2) FIG. 2 is an enlarged side elevation view of the sealing apparatus;

(3) FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the sealing apparatus;

(4) FIGS. 4-12 are perspective views which illustrate the sequence of steps in a sealing cycle;

(5) FIGS. 13-21 are side views which correspond to FIGS. 4-12;

(6) FIG. 22 is a transverse view of the sealing section;

(7) FIG. 23 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG. 22;

(8) FIG. 24 is an enlarged fragmentary view of one of the linear guides and bearings;

(9) FIG. 25 is a front view of the upper die assembly;

(10) FIG. 26 is a sectional view taken along the line 26-26 of FIG. 25;

(11) FIG. 27 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the right end of the upper die assembly;

(12) FIG. 28 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of a modified embodiment; and

(13) FIG. 29 illustrates one example of the movement of the upper sealing die.

(14) FIGS. 30A-30D show various views of a background flat plate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

(15) FIG. 31 is a block diagram illustrating a packaging system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

(16) FIGS. 32A and 32B are representative diagrams showing the effects of heat treatment on a packaged bundle of paper towels according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

(17) FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a packaged bundle of paper towels according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

(18) FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a corner section of the packaged bundle shown in FIG. 32.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(19) FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C illustrate a packaging machine, generally designated by reference number 25, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The machine 25 is particularly suitable for packaging bundles of rolls of bathroom tissue or paper towels.

(20) The machine 25 includes an infeed choke belt section 26, a product upender section 27, a product collator section 28, a film feed/lap seal/girth former section 29, a pull belt section 30, a sealing section 31, and a discharge section 32. Details of those sections, except for the collator section and the improvements in the sealing section, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,012 and U.S. Patent Application Publication 2003/0159401, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

(21) Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the packaging machine 25 groups rolls 35 of bathroom tissue or paper towels into bundles 36. In FIG. 3, each bundle includes four rolls across the direction in which the rolls are advanced and four rolls in the machine direction. In FIG. 4 each bundle includes two rolls across and six rolls in the machine direction. Many other configurations are possible. Rolls can also be stacked on top of each other.

(22) The bundles 36 are advanced in the direction of the arrow A in FIGS. 2-21 by conveyors and pull belts. Before reaching the sealing section 31, the bundles are enclosed by a plastic film 38 (FIGS. 2 and 3). As is well known in the art, the longitudinal edges of the plastic film are overlapped and sealed by means of a heating element with pressurized air to provide an elongated tube which extends in the direction of the arrow A. In between the pressurized air and the product stands a flat plate 150 to act as a background for the act of sealing the lapped plastic film together. As shown in FIG. 1C, the flat plate 150 is located within the former section 29 of the machine 25. The plate 150 reduces the distance between the top of the product and the plastic film 38 during the sealing process. This elimination of space allows for a tighter fit of the plastic film 38 around the product.

(23) As shown in more detail in FIGS. 30A-30D, the plate 150 is a generally elongated element that includes a proximal end portion 152 and a distal end portion 154. The proximal end portion 152 is fixed to the machine 25 and the distal end portion 154 is left unattached and free floating. The plate 150 is made of a flexible material, such as, for example, aluminum or plastic, so that the distal end portion 154 of the plate 150 is able to exert force downwards onto the product in reaction to the product pushing the plate 150 upwards as the product passes underneath. The downward force of the plate 150 reduces or eliminates the space between the product and the plastic film 38.

(24) As will be explained hereinafter, the sealing section 31 cuts and seals the plastic tube between each pair of bundles. In FIG. 3, the leading end 40 of the bundle 36A has already been sealed. The plastic tube between the handles 36A and 36B is about to be cut and sealed to provide a sealed trailing end for bundle 36A and a sealed leading end for bundle 36B.

(25) Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the sealing section or apparatus 31 includes a stationary frame, generally designated by reference number 42, which includes vertical posts 43-46 and horizontal beams 47-52. Driven pull belts 53 and 54 (FIG. 3) for conveying the bundles is mounted on the horizontal beams.

(26) A traversing or reciprocating frame, generally designated by reference number 58, is mounted on the stationary frame 42 for forward and backward linear reciprocating movement in directions which are parallel to the direction of the product movement. The reciprocating frame 58 includes a pair of vertical bars 60 and 61 (FIG. 4) and upper and lower cross bars 62 and 63. Laterally extending brackets 65 and 66 (FIG. 3) are attached to the vertical bars 60 and 61, and a channel shaped bearing 68 (FIGS. 2, 22, and 24) is mounted below each of the brackets. The bearings 68 ride on a linear guides or rails 70 which are mounted on the horizontal beams 51 and 52 of the stationary frame 42.

(27) In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 the frame 58 is reciprocated by a pair of crank arms 72 and 73 which are fixedly mounted on a shaft 74 which is rotatably mounted on the stationary frame 42. The shaft 74 is rotated by a servo motor 76 on the stationary frame. The crank arms 72 and 73 are connected to the brackets 65 and 66 on the reciprocating frame 58 by links 78 and 79. The ends of the links are pivotally connected to the crank arms and the brackets.

(28) FIG. 2 illustrates the reciprocating frame 58 in its most upstream or left position with respect to the direction A of product flow. As the shaft 74 rotates 180° from its FIG. 2 position, the crank arms 72 and 73 and the links 78 and 79 move the frame 58 linearly to the right in the direction of product flow. The linear movement of the frame is guided by the linear guides 70.

(29) The stroke or length of movement of the reciprocating frame is indicated in FIG. 2 by dimension B. The most downstream position or right position of the frame corresponds to the right end of dimension B.

(30) As the shaft 74 continues to rotate from 180° through 360°, the crank arms and links move the reciprocating frame opposite to the direction of product flow to return the frame to the FIG. 2 position.

(31) Referring to FIGS. 22 and 23, upper and lower sealing die assemblies 81 and 82 are attached to mounting bars 83 and 84 which are attached to upper and lower linear bearings 85 and 86. The linear bearings 85 and 86 are vertically slidable on vertical shafts 87 and 88.

(32) Upper and lower cross members 89 and 90 are clamped to the vertical shafts 87 and 88. Upper and lower pulleys 91 and 92 are mounted on cross shafts 93 and 94 which are attached to the cross members 89 and 90. Right and left drive belts 95 and 96 travel over the upper and lower pulleys 91 and 92.

(33) The upper mounting bar 83 is connected to the rear portions of the drive belts 95 and 96 by clamps 97 (FIG. 23). The lower mounting bar 84 is connected to the front portions of the drive belts by clamps 98. The lower cross shaft 94 and the lower pulleys 92 are driven by a servo motor 99.

(34) The mounting bars 83 and 84 for the sealing dies are mounted for vertical reciprocating movement on the vertical shafts 87 and 88. When the servo 99 rotates the lower pulleys 92 counterclockwise, the rear loops of the drive belts 95 and 96 move downward, carrying the upper die 81 downward, while the front loops of the belts 95 and 96 move upward, carrying the lower die 82 upward. The simultaneous movements close the dies. Rotating the servo clockwise then opens the dies.

(35) Referring to FIGS. 25 and 26, the upper die assembly 81 includes a pair of conventional impulse sealing ribbons 120 and 121 and a serrated cut-off knife 122 mounted between the sealing ribbons. The sealing ribbon 120 seals the trailing end of the exiting bundle, and the sealing ribbon 121 seals the leading end of the incoming bundle. A layer of Teflon® fabric insulates the ribbons and prevents molten plastic from adhering to the ribbons. A pair of film grippers 123 straddle the sealing ribbons and are resiliently biased by gripper springs 124. As the upper and lower dies close, the film grippers grip the film, the knife 122 cuts the film, and the sealing ribbons 120, 121 seal the film.

(36) In one specific embodiment the servo motor 99 is a 71 in-lb (8 Nm) NC servo motor which includes a 20:1 planetary gear box.

(37) The servo motor 99 adjusts the open dimension between dies to accommodate format height changes. The closed location of the dies is adjustable by a hand wheel (FIG. 22). The cross members 89 and 90 and the vertical shafts 87 and 88 form a vertically movable assembly which includes the pulleys 91 and 93, drive belts 95 and 96, and mounting bars 82 and 83. The hand wheel is threadedly connected to a threaded shaft 101. The threaded shaft passes through upper beam 62 and is rotatably connected to the cross member 89. When the hand wheel is rotated, the threaded shaft 101 moves the vertically movable assembly up or down as indicated by the arrows 102. The vertical shafts 87 and 88 slide within linear guides 103 and 104 on the upper and lower beams 62 and 63 to permit the up and down movement of the vertically movable assembly.

(38) The hand wheel is used to raise or lower the sealing die assembly so that when the dies are closed, they are at half the height of the product to be sealed, or at the center of the package.

(39) The threaded shaft can also be rotated by a servo motor or other mechanical or electrical driving means. Further, the vertically movable assembly could be raised or lowered by mechanisms other than a threaded shaft, for example, a belt drive.

(40) The reciprocating die frame 58 reciprocates horizontally, propelled by the crank arms 72 and 73 to match the speed of the plastic film while severing and sealing the film tube. The crank arms 72 and 73 advantageously provide two pivot locations 105 and 106 (FIG. 2) for the crank arms 72 and 73 to change the amount of horizontal die movement. In one specific embodiment the two pivot locations provided 12 inches and 16 inches of horizontal die movement. The pivot location is set manually depending on the product format.

(41) One alternative method of reciprocating the die frame 58 is illustrated in FIG. 28. The reciprocating die frame 58 is attached to a belt drive 107 which travels over pulleys 108 and 109. The pulley 108 is driven by servo motor 76. Rotation of the belt drive in one direction moves the reciprocating die frame to the right, and rotation of the belt drive in the opposite direction moves the die frame to the left.

(42) In one specific embodiment the servo motor 76 for the crank mechanism is a 105 in-lb (12 Nm) NC servo motor driving the die crank mechanism through a 50:1 gear box. The servo motors and pull belts are controlled by a controller 111 (FIG. 2), such as a Giddings & Lewis MMC4PC with a remote 1/0.

(43) FIGS. 4 and 13 illustrate the first step in the sealing cycle. The leading end of the exiting bundle 36A has already been sealed. The upper and lower die mounting bars 83 and 84 are in their open positions to allow the exiting bundle 36A to move past the sealing dies. As described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,012, the movement of the bundles is controlled by pull belts which are entrained over upper and lower rollers 110-115. Side pull belts may also be used. The crank arms 72 and 73 are positioned so that the reciprocating frame 58 is at the beginning of its forward movement in the direction A of product movement.

(44) FIGS. 5 and 14 illustrate the sealing dies in the process of closing between bundles 36A and 36B. As the dies move toward each other, the reciprocating frame 58 is moved forwardly by the crank arms 72 and 73. The rate at which the dies are closed can be varied to allow the incoming bundle 36B to collapse the gap with the existing bundle 36A. The rate of die closing is coordinated with the rate of the die traverse for optimal sealing and end gussets. The discharge pull belt assemblies and side discharge pull belt assemblies can be separated in order to release the bundles contained therebetween so that the downward movement of the sealing dies against the plastic film tube can collapse the film tube and move adjacent bundles together. Alternatively, the discharge pull belts could be driven in reverse to accomplish the same results, or the bundle can be allowed to slide across the discharge pull belt on rollers 110 and 111 as the dies close.

(45) As described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,012, gusset plates form gussets in the sides of the plastic tube as the tube is collapsed by the sealing dies.

(46) Mechanical tuckers 117 (FIG. 22) can be used to assist the forming of the gussets on large packages. FIGS. 6 and 15 illustrate the sealing dies in the closed position at the start of the sealing step. The plastic tube is clamped between the sealing dies so that the sealing ribbons can begin sealing the plastic. The cut-off knife severs the plastic between the spaced-apart sealing ribbons.

(47) FIGS. 7 and 16 illustrate the end of the sealing step. The sealing dies remain clamped against the plastic film as the crank arms 72 and 73 move the reciprocating frame 58 downstream at the same speed as the speed at which the plastic film is advanced. The horizontal movement of the sealing dies with the plastic film provides sufficient time for the sealing dies to seal the film.

(48) FIGS. 8 and 17 illustrate the opening of the dies toward the end of the forward movement of the reciprocating frame 58. The sealing dies are opened to permit the reverse movement of the reciprocating frame 58 past the second bundle 36B.

(49) FIGS. 9 and 18 illustrate the reciprocating frame 58 at the end of its forward stroke. The sealing dies are open, and continued rotation of the crank arms 72 and 73 will begin the backward motion of the reciprocating frame.

(50) FIGS. 10 and 19 illustrate the reciprocating frame in the process of returning to its original position. The sealing dies remain open.

(51) FIGS. 11 and 20 illustrate the reciprocating frame 58 near the end of its reverse stroke. The sealing dies are beginning to close as soon as they clear the exiting bundle 36B.

(52) FIGS. 12 and 21 correspond to FIGS. 4 and 13 and illustrate the reciprocating frame 58 at the end of its reverse stroke and at the beginning of its forward stroke. The sealing dies are in the process of closing.

(53) FIG. 29 illustrates one example of the path P of the movement of the upper sealing die which is caused by the combination of the linear horizontal reciprocating movement of the reciprocating frame 58 and the linear vertical reciprocating movement of the mounting bar 83. The same path P is superimposed on FIG. 2. The path of movement of the lower sealing die is the mirror image of the path P of FIG. 29.

(54) Position 204 on path P corresponds to FIG. 4. The sealing dies are open, and the reciprocating frame 58 is in its FIG. 2 position.

(55) The curved portion 205 of path P represents the movement of the upper sealing die as the sealing apparatus moves from its FIG. 4 position to its FIG. 6 position. The upper and lower sealing dies move toward each other as the reciprocating frame moves to the right.

(56) Position 206 corresponds to FIG. 6. The dies are closed against the plastic film and the sealing portion of the cycle begins. Sealing continues until point 207, which corresponds to FIG. 7.

(57) Between points 207 and 208, the dies open as the reciprocating frame continues to move to the right. At point 208, corresponding to FIG. 8, the dies are fully open.

(58) Between points 208 and 209, the reciprocating frame 58 moves to the left to return the sealing dies toward their starting positions. Between points 209 and 204, the sealing dies begin to close as the reciprocating frame moves to its most upstream position.

(59) In the preferred embodiments, the reciprocating frame 58 is reciprocated by a crank mechanism or by a belt drive. However, other means can be used for moving the frame back and forth along the path on which the products move.

(60) Similarly, the preferred means for opening and closing the sealing dies includes belt drives. However, other means can be used.

(61) FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing a packaging system, generally designated by reference number 300, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As described in regards to the previous embodiment, the packaging system 300 includes infeed choke belt section 326, a product upender section 327, a product collator section 328, a film feed/lap seal/girth former section 329, a pull belt section 330, a sealing section 331, and a discharge section 332. The sealing section 331 also includes the various components as previous described. In the present embodiment, a heat tunnel section 333 is provided after the discharge section 332. The heat tunnel section 333 contributes to an increased bundle tightness for rolled tissue or paper towels as compared to conventional packaging systems by heat shrinking the plastic film. Conveyers transport the packaged rolled product through the heated tunnel section 333 whereby the overwrap plastic film shrinks and conforms to the contour of the article or group of articles. The articles or group of articles may or may be wrapped individually in a separate film with a higher melting point than the overwrap film to resist shrinking through the heat tunnel. Examples of heated tunnels suitable for use with the present invention are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,051,629, 7,155,876, 7,823,366, 7,328,550, 7,269,929 and 345465, as well as U.S. Patent Application Publication 2014/0272747, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The heat applied in a heated tunnel can be transferred by convection, conduction, or radiation. A typical heat tunnel uses convection by blowing air heated using an electric heater.

(62) In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, temperature of the heat treatment applied by the heat tunnel is between 300-400° F. and heat is applied to a bundled product for between 20 to 45 seconds. In an exemplary embodiment the heat is distributed primarily to the top and bottom of the bundle. The effect of this uneven heating is to produce package ends that are tight and molded while keeping the sides of the package smooth with limited wrinkles.

(63) It should be appreciated that the heated tunnel may be used with other types of packaging systems besides those described herein to achieve improved bundle tightness.

(64) FIGS. 32A and 32B illustrate the effect of heat treatment on packaged rolls of tissue or paper towel product. As shown in FIG. 32A, prior to heat treatment, the packaging material does not break the plane of the rolls, nor does it contour the packs inside the bundle. As shown in FIG. 32B, after the heat treatment the packaging material breaks the plane of the rolls inside the bundle and contours to the shape of the inner packs.

(65) In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a package of paper towel rolls includes a bundle of paper towel rolls wrapped in an outer package material. The bundle may include individual packs of one or more towel rolls, with each pack wrapped with a separate package material. Each separate package material may be referred to as an inner package or “inner poly” (in the case where the package material is made of polyethylene), with the outer package material covering the entire bundle referred to as “outer poly”. The package of paper towel rolls may have the following characteristics:

(66) The package is sortable (for the purposes of the present invention, “sortable” is intended to mean that the bundle fits within sortable size dimensions (18 in×14 in×8 in)).

(67) The package is shippable (for the purposes of the present invention, “shippable” is intended to mean that the package can be successfully transported from distributor to end consumer without any additional packaging).

(68) Dimensions of 18″×14″×8″;

(69) Bulk of finished tissue greater than 500 microns;

(70) Rolls inside heat treated bundle are single rolls or multi-packs, each wrapped in poly plastic, paper, or no primary packaging at all;

(71) Cores of rolls inside the bundle are crushed flat or maintained in cylindrical shape;

(72) Rolls inside the bundle are coreless or have a core that is between 10-60 mm in diameter;

(73) Total square footage of paper in the bundle is between 20-32 sq. ft.;

(74) Density of the rolls inside the bundle is between 10.7-11.3 cc/g;

(75) Poly composition of the inner poly has a higher glass transition temperature than that of the outer poly;

(76) Both the outer and inner poly are made from a resin that includes both high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE). The poly composition for the outer poly includes a greater amount of HDPE than the poly composition for the inner poly.

(77) Both the compositions of the inner and outer poly include an anti-static additive (such as an amine with ethoxylated surfactants). The composition of the outer poly has a lower percentage of anti-static resin than that of the inner poly. The distribution of anti-static resin in the inner poly is higher on the surface of the inner poly facing the outer poly than it is on the surface of the inner poly facing the rolled product.

(78) The composition of the inner poly has a higher percentage of antiblock additives (such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or talc) than the composition of the outer poly. The composition of the inner poly has a higher percentage of slip additives (such as long chain fats) than the composition of the outer poly.

(79) Poly thickness of the outer poly is 1.0 mils to 3.5 mils as measured using Test Method ASTM D6988-13. The outer poly can be made from 3 to 5 layers. Preferably, a center layer contains a higher percentage of HDPE than the outer layers. The outer poly preferably has a puncture resistance of between 600 and 1,200 gf and more preferably has a puncture resistance of between 800 and 1200 gf.

(80) In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the crystallinity of the outer poly is lower after it has gone through the heating process in the heat tunnel than it was prior to the heating process. As discussed above, when the outer poly is heated evenly so as to the keep the sides smooth and the top and bottom ends tight, the film in the top and bottom ends will become significantly more rigid and less stretchable.

(81) In an exemplary embodiment, a circumference of the outer poly prior to being heat treated is about 25 mm or more greater than the circumference of the bundle. After heat treatment, the circumference of the outer poly is reduced such that it is about 10 mm or more smaller than the prior circumference of the bundle.

(82) In an exemplary embodiment, a stock keeping unit (SKU) in the form of a barcode, for example, is printed or otherwise directly disposed on the outer package material. The SKU is readable directly from the outer package so that additional outer packaging, such as a box, is not required. Graphics on the outer package may be adjusted so that they are visually correct after the packaging is heat treated.

(83) In an exemplary embodiment, the inner and/or outer poly may include a dyed central layer. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the use of a dyed layer in lieu of surface printing to provide color and/or graphics to the inner poly allows for more control of the interface between the facing surfaces of the inner and outer poly.

(84) In an exemplary embodiment, each of the paper product rolls within the bundle has a Kershaw Firmness of less than 4 mm, where the Kershaw firmness is determined using a Kershaw Roll Density Tester Model RDT-2000B from Kershaw Instrumentation 517 Auburn Ave. Swedesboro, N.J., USA 08085 as follows:

(85) 1. Procedure

(86) 1.1. Turn the Roll Density Tester on and allow it to warm up for about 15 minutes. 1.2. Make sure the Run/Calibrate switch is in the “RUN” position. 1.3. Place the roll to be tested on the test spindle. 1.4. Adjust the roll diameter assembly until the pointer indicates the nominal diameter of the roll being tested. (The roll diameter needs to be converted to inches to set the pointer for the machine diameter.) 1.5. Press the “GREEN” forward button, the table will automatically move toward the roll to be tested. Once the probe contacts the roll, the force exerted on the probe will be displayed on the digital force display. The results for the displacement and force will be displayed.

(87) In an exemplary embodiment, each of the paper product rolls within the bundle has a roll density between 9.5 cc/g to 12 cc/g. The roll density is determined by the following procedure: Calculate the volume of tissue within the tissue roll. In order to do this; first measure the circumference of the roll using Pi tape. Once the circumference of the roll is determined, the radius of the roll can be calculated using the formula Circumference=2*Pi*radius. Once the roll radius is determined, then calculate the roll volume using the formula for volume of a cylinder: Volume=Pi*radius squared*Height. Next, we need to remove the volume occupied by the core to arrive at the volume of the tissue itself. Remove the core by unwinding the paper and repeat the calculation above to determine the volume of the core. Next subtract the core volume from the total roll volume to arrive at the volume of paper in the roll. The unit of length used should be centimeters to arrive at a cubic centimeter volume. Next; using samples of the unwound paper, calculate the grammage or basis weight of the tissue product. Using a dye and press, six 76.2 mm by 76.2 mm square samples are cut from the tissue product being careful to avoid any web perforations. The samples are placed in an oven at 105 deg C. for 5 minutes before being weighed on an analytical balance to the fourth decimal point. The weight of the sample in grams is divided by (0.0762 m){circumflex over ( )}2 to determine the basis weight in grams/m{circumflex over ( )}2. Using units conversions, convert this to grams/cm{circumflex over ( )}2. Next, calculate the total square centimeters of paper in the tissue roll by multiplying the area of a single sheet of the tissue by the number of sheets in the roll. Units used should be square centimeters. Next, multiply the area of paper in the roll in square centimeters by the grammage in grams/square centimeter to obtain the weight, in grams, of paper in the roll. Finally divide the weight of paper in the roll by the volume of paper in the roll to obtain the roll density in grams/cubic centimeter.

(88) In an exemplary embodiment, the outer poly has a shrinkage factor of less than zero relative to the bundle. The shrinkage factor is determined as follows: a. Cut the outer poly parallel to the lap seal; b. Measure length of outer poly perpendicular to lap seal; c. Measure length of path around bundle in the same direction (perpendicular to lap seal direction, without taking into account indents between rolls); d. Calculate shrinkage factor as follows:
shrinkage factor=measured outer poly length−measured length of path around bundle

(89) FIGS. 32 and 33 show different views of a packaged bundle of paper towels according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the outer packaging material generally conforms to the shape of paper towels contained within the bundle due to the synergistic effect of the backing plate and heat treatment. While not shown, the bundled paper towels can also be arranged in an interlocking manner, with the rows offset from each other.

(90) While in the foregoing specification a detailed description of a specific embodiment of the invention was set forth, it will be understood that many of the details herein given may be varied considerably by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.