Aroma enhancing beverage containers and lids
10856682 ยท 2020-12-08
Inventors
Cpc classification
A47G19/2272
HUMAN NECESSITIES
International classification
Abstract
A lid for a beverage container can include a cover member configured to releasably engage the opening of a beverage container. The cover member can include an aroma aperture defined through a portion thereof, the aroma aperture sized and shaped to receive the nose of a user when the lid is engaged with the opening of the beverage container and the user drinks a beverage contained in the beverage container through the lid.
Claims
1. A lid for enhancing the aroma of a liquid foodstuff contained in a beverage container, the lid comprising: a mounting portion configured to releasably engage an opening of the beverage container; a canopy extending generally upwardly from the mounting portion; and an aroma aperture defined through a portion of the canopy, the aperture sized and shaped to receive the nose of a user when the mounting portion is engaged with the opening of the beverage container and the user drinks a liquid foodstuff contained in the beverage container through the lid.
2. The lid of claim 1, wherein the opening of the beverage container is defined by a rim.
3. The lid of claim 1, wherein the canopy is upwardly convex.
4. The lid of claim 1, wherein the mounting portion is annular.
5. The lid of claim 1, wherein the canopy is configured to cover a portion of the nose and direct aroma vapors evolved from the foodstuff to the nose when the nose is received in the aroma aperture.
6. The lid of claim 1, wherein the aroma aperture is defined by a bottom edge and first and second laterally opposed edges, the bottom edge extending circumferentially along an arc of the canopy at a first canopy height above the mounting portion, said arc extending from a first lip position to a second lip position spaced an arc length around the canopy from the first lip position, the first laterally opposed edge extending upwardly along a curvature of the canopy from the first lip position to a vertex at a second canopy height above the first canopy height, the second laterally opposed edge extending upwardly along a curvature of the canopy from the second lip position to the vertex.
7. The lid of claim 6, further comprising: an inwardly protruding ledge for receiving the lips of the user, the ledge extending circumferentially along the bottom edge of the aroma aperture; and a drink aperture defined through a portion of the ledge, wherein the drink aperture is smaller than the aroma aperture; wherein the lips of a user engage the ledge and the nose of a user extends into the aroma aperture when the user drinks the foodstuff through the drink aperture.
8. The lid of claim 6, wherein the portion of the canopy through which the aroma aperture is defined comprises a segment of the canopy defined by an angle subtended by said arc from the apex of the canopy.
9. The lid of claim 8, wherein the apex of the canopy is positioned distal to a longitudinal axis extending through the geometric center of a circle defined by the mounting portion.
10. The lid of claim 9, wherein the apex is located closer to a side of the mounting portion located opposite the bottom edge of the aroma aperture.
11. The lid of claim 1, further comprising a utensil anchor defined though a portion of the canopy adjacent to the aroma aperture, the utensil anchor configured to receive a utensil for the preparation of liquid foodstuffs.
12. The lid of claim 11, wherein the utensil anchor is a slot defined through the portion of the canopy, the slot extending circumferentially around the portion of the canopy from an edge of the aroma aperture to a location spaced a distance around a circumference of the canopy from said edge.
13. The lid of claim 12, wherein the portion of the canopy through which the utensil anchor is defined is located above the mounting portion.
14. The lid of claim 2, wherein the mounting portion comprises a skirt having an internal flange, the skirt adapted to fit over the beverage container opening such that an internal surface of the skirt frictionally engages the exterior surface of the rim of the beverage container and the internal flange frictionally engages an upper surface of the rim.
15. The lid of claim 2, wherein the mounting portion is configured to fit over the beverage container opening and sealingly engage the rim of the beverage container.
16. The lid of claim 1, further comprising: a closure member; and means for coupling the closure member to the canopy; wherein the closure member is selectably rotatable about a longitudinal axis extending through the canopy from a first position wherein the closure member covers the aroma aperture, to a second position where in the closure member does not cover the aroma aperture.
17. A lid for enhancing the aroma of a liquid foodstuff contained in a beverage container, the lid comprising: a mounting portion configured to releasably engage an opening of the beverage container; a canopy extending generally upwardly from the mounting portion; and an aroma aperture defined through a portion of each of the canopy and the mounting portion, the aperture sized and shaped to receive the nose of a user when the mounting portion is engaged with the opening of the beverage container and the user drinks a liquid foodstuff contained in the beverage container through the aroma aperture.
18. The lid of claim 17, wherein the portion of the mounting portion through which the aroma aperture is defined comprises an arc of the mounting portion extending from a first rim position to a second rim position spaced from about 16% to about 50% around a perimeter of the mounting portion from the first rim position.
19. The lid of claim 18, wherein the arc extends from a first rim position to a second rim position spaced from about /6 radians(30) to about radians(180) around a circumference of the mounting portion from the first rim position.
20. The lid of claim 18, wherein the portion of the canopy through which the aroma aperture is defined comprises a segment of the canopy defined by an angle subtended by said arc from an apex of the canopy.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(29) The details of one or more embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter are set forth in this document. Modifications to embodiments described in this document, and other embodiments, will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art after a study of the information provided herein. The information provided in this document, and particularly the specific details of the described exemplary embodiments, is provided primarily for clearness of understanding and no unnecessary limitations are to be understood therefrom. In case of conflict, the specification of this document, including definitions, will control.
(30) While the terms used herein are believed to be well understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, definitions are set forth herein to facilitate explanation of the subject matter disclosed herein.
(31) Unless defined otherwise, all technical, geometric, scientific, and medical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter disclosed herein belongs. Although any methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the presently disclosed subject matter, representative methods, devices, and materials are now described.
(32) The terms a, an, and the refer to one or more when used in this application, including the claims. Thus, for example, reference to a scent includes a plurality of scents, and so forth. The use of the word a or an when used in conjunction with the term comprising in the claims and/or the specification may mean one, but it is also consistent with the meaning of one or more, at least one, and one or more than one.
(33) All references to singular characteristics or limitations of the present disclosure shall include the corresponding plural characteristic(s) or limitation(s) and vice versa, unless otherwise specified or clearly implied to the contrary by the context in which the reference is made.
(34) The methods and devices of the present disclosure, including components thereof, can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the embodiments described herein, as well as any additional or optional components or limitations described herein or otherwise useful.
(35) Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing physical dimensions, relative sizes, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term about. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in this specification and claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the presently disclosed subject matter. For example, as used herein, the term about, when referring to a value for a physical dimension such as height, length, width, diameter, radius, circumference, or an angle is meant to encompass variations of in some embodiments 20%, in some embodiments 10%, in some embodiments 5%, and in some embodiments 1% from the specified value, as such variations are appropriate to perform the disclosed method or to achieve the disclosed result.
(36) As used herein, ranges can be expressed as from about one particular value, and/or to about another particular value. It is also understood that there are a number of values disclosed herein, and that each value is also herein disclosed as about that particular value in addition to the value itself. For example, if the value 10 is disclosed, then about 10 is also disclosed. It is also understood that each unit between two particular units are also disclosed. For example, if 10 and 15 are disclosed, then 11, 12, 13, and 14 are also disclosed. It should be similarly understood that fractional value between two particular values involving a non-whole number are also disclosed. For example, if 1.2 and 1.6 are disclosed, then 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5 are also disclosed.
(37) The terms conventional beverage container and traditional beverage container as used synonymously herein refer to common hand held drinking vessels and other containers for holding beverages and other liquid foodstuffs intended to be consumed by a human therefrom, including without limitation cups, mugs, tumblers, glasses, thermos, cans, bottles, bowls, and other similar devices having a base and one or more side walls extending generally upwardly from the base to form a rim at a height above the base. The term open-top beverage container refers to a conventional beverage container having a large central opening defined by a rim, such as a cup, mug, or glass. The terms closed-top and lidded refer to open-top beverage containers the central opening of which is partially or completely covered by a lid or cap, such as a disposable coffee cup fitted with a conventional plastic lid.
(38) The terms drink and drinks, when used as verbs herein, refer to the action of placing the lips on a portion of a container, or a lid connected to the container, and taking a liquid contained in the container directly into the mouth without the aid of a straw.
(39) Turning now to
(40) The mounting portion 230 can be shaped and sized to fit over and releasably connect to the rim 116 of a traditional beverage container 110 using means known in the art. For example, in some implementations, the mounting portion 230 can elastically stretch to fit over the rim 116 of the beverage container 110 and then elastically contract to its original size to couple against an outside surface of the rim 116 of the beverage container 110. In other implementations, the mounting portion 230 can include one or more mechanical fasteners to releasably connect the lid to the rim 116 of a beverage container 110, including without limitation a clasp, hook, snap connectors, screw threads, or the like.
(41) In some embodiments, the mounting portion 230 can have a sealing inside surface that mates with the rim 116 of a traditional beverage container 110 to create a leak-proof seal when the mounting portion 230 is engaged with the beverage container 110, so that when a user drinks a beverage 101 contained in the beverage container through the lid 200, the beverage 101 will not leak from the rim 116. For example, in some embodiments, the mounting portion 230 can include a sealing groove or ridge 235 which frictionally engages the rim 116 of the beverage container 110 to form a leak-proof seal between an inner surface of the mounting portion 230 and the rim 116 of the beverage container 110. In other embodiments, the mounting portion 230 can include a sealing member such as a rubber O-ring to form a seal with the rim 116.
(42) The mounting portion 230 can take any shape complimentary to that of the rim 116 of a conventional beverage container 110, including without limitation, annular, rectangular, square, triangular, ovoid, polygonal, and irregular shapes, as long as it is shaped and sized to fit over the opening of the beverage container 110 such that the mounting portion 230 releasably engages the rim 116 of the beverage container 110. For example, the mounting portion 230 of an aroma enhancing beverage container lid 200 configured to releasably engage a circular beverage container rim 116 can be annular.
(43) The cover portion 220 can form a canopy 222 that spans at least a portion of the opening of the beverage container 110. The canopy 222 can define a first interior space in fluid communication with a second interior space defined by the beverage container 110. Aroma vapors (depicted by arrows in
(44) An aroma enhancing lid 200 can also include an aroma aperture 225 extending from an exterior surface of the lid to an interior surface of the lid. At any point on the lid 200, the interior surface is the surface which faces toward the first interior space defined by the canopy 222, while the exterior surface is the surface facing away from the first interior space defined by the canopy 222. An aroma aperture 225 can be sized and shaped to receive a portion of the nose of a user while the user drinks the beverage 101 through the lid 200 as shown in
(45) The cover portion 220 can be contoured to focus or direct aroma vapors (depicted by arrows in
(46) In use, a user can position his or her lips to drink and tilt the beverage container 110 with which the lid 200 is releasably engaged to dispense the beverage 101 through the lid 200 into the mouth of the user. The aroma aperture 225 receives the user's nose and admits the nose into the first interior space defined by the cover portion 220 such that the cover portion 220 covers a portion of the user's nose and concentrates and directs aroma vapors (depicted by arrows in
(47) By contrast, as shown in
(48) It should be understood that although the cover portion 220 of the aroma enhancing beverage container lids 200 depicted in
(49) The size and configuration of the aroma aperture 225 defined in the cover portion 220 can also provide increased user comfort when drinking by allowing a user to drink from a more natural drinking position similar to that experienced when using traditional open-top beverage containers. For example, conventional lids 100 such as the one exemplified in
(50) By contrast, with the user's nose able to extend through the aroma aperture 225 into the interior space defined by the cover portion 220, the aroma enhancing lids and beverage containers of the present disclosure allow the user to keep the neck and head more upright while drinking the entirety of a beverage 101 and minimize the degree of head inclination required for the user to continually access a beverage 101 as the level of the beverage in a beverage container 110 decreases during consumption. This simultaneously alleviates neck strain and allows the user to maintain a clear forward field of vision while drinking. A large aroma aperture 225 also enables a user to see and interact with a beverage 101 contained in a beverage container 110, including by stirring the beverage 101 or adding ingredients such as add tea, milk, cream, and sugar without removing the lid 200 from the container 110.
(51) In some embodiments of the novel beverage containers and lids disclosed herein, the aroma aperture 225 is the aperture through which the user drinks a beverage 101 or other liquid foodstuff, such as a soup. This has the advantageous effect of allowing the nose to pass through the aroma aperture 225 and under a portion of the cover portion 220 such that the canopy 222 covers a portion of the nose when the user drinks through the lid 200. This leverages the previously described internal surface contouring of the cover portion 220 to focus aroma vapors toward the mouth and nose simultaneously, thereby enabling the user to better perceive the aroma of the beverage by retronasal and orthonasal olfaction.
(52) However, in other embodiments, the aroma enhancing beverage containers and lids disclosed herein can include a second separate aperture through which the user drinks. The second aperture can be a drink aperture 275 through which a beverage 101 is dispensed when the user tilts the beverage container 110 toward the mouth to drink as shown in
(53) The aroma aperture 225 can be larger than the drink aperture 275 such that an area of the aroma aperture 225 is larger than an area of the drink aperture 275. The aroma aperture can have a first area, and the drink aperture can have a second area, and the first area can be from about 1.5 to about 150 times greater than the second area. In some embodiments, the aroma aperture 225 can have a width that is greater than a width of the drink aperture 275, and a length that is greater than a length of the drink aperture 275. The aroma aperture 225 can also have a minimum width which is greater than a maximum width of the drink aperture 275. The aroma aperture 225 can also have a height 295 which is greater than a height of the drink aperture 275 such that the aroma aperture 225 can extend to a height above the drink aperture 275.
(54) Referring again to
(55) It should be understood that the aroma enhancing beverage container lids disclosed here can also include a conventional beverage container 110 integrally coupled thereto. Thus, in some embodiments, the aroma enhancing beverage container lids disclosed herein can be formed as one piece with a conventional beverage container 110 to provide an aroma enhancing beverage container 300 having all of the above described features and benefits of an aroma enhancing beverage container lid. Accordingly, another aspect of the present disclosure includes an aroma enhancing beverage container 300 comprising an aroma enhancing beverage container lid integrally formed on, or in some embodiments coupled to, a conventional beverage container 110. Notably, such aroma enhancing beverage containers can omit a mounting portion because the cover portion 320 and beverage container portion 310 of the device are formed as one piece and are not selectively releasable from one another.
(56) Accordingly,
(57) An aroma aperture 325 can be defined through a portion of the body portion 310, the cover portion 320, or both. The aroma aperture 325 can have a shape that tapers toward the second height. In some embodiments, the widest portion of the aroma aperture 325 can be defined through a portion of the beverage container 300 near the first height, while the narrowest portion of the aroma aperture can be defined through a portion of the cover portion 320 near the second height. In some embodiments, the widest portion of the aroma aperture 325 is at least as wide as the nose of a user.
(58) The aroma aperture 325 can include a bottom edge 326 which can form a lip portion for receiving the lips of a user when the user drinks a liquid foodstuff contained in the body portion 310 through the aroma aperture 325 as exemplified in
(59) The aroma aperture 325 can also include a second edge 328 defined in the canopy 322 which extends generally upwardly along a curvature of the canopy 222 from the first and second rim positions 327, 329 to an apex 324 spaced a height above the rim 316 of the body portion 310. The second edge 328 can be substantially planar and can extend generally upwardly along a curvature of the canopy 322 from each of the first and second rim positions 327, 329 in a vertical reference plane 321 to the second height, which in some embodiments, can be the apex 324 of the canopy portion 322. An angle formed in a side of the beverage container 300 by the intersection of the vertical reference plane 321 and the plane containing the lip portion 326 can be a right angle, as depicted in
(60) Referring now to
(61) In use, a liquid foodstuff such as an aromatic beverage or soup is placed into the interior space defined by the body portion 310. A user then drinks the liquid foodstuff from the beverage container 300 through the aroma aperture 325 as exemplified in
(62) The aroma enhancing beverage containers and beverage container lids disclosed herein can also include additional structural features which increase user convenience and further enhance the concentration and delivery of desirable aroma vapors to a user through the aroma aperture. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the aroma enhancing beverage containers disclosed herein can be formed with a utensil anchor 340 configured to anchor one or more devices commonly used by consumers during preparation or consumption of liquid foodstuffs, including but not limited to, a spoon, a strainer, or a tea bag, to the sidewall 314 of the body portion 310 or the canopy 322 of the cover portion 320.
(63) In illustration of this concept, the embodiment of an aroma enhancing beverage container 300 depicted in
(64) Referring again to
(65) The aroma enhancing beverage containers and lids disclosed herein can also be provided with an ingredient pocket 350 (show in broken lines in
(66) An embodiment of an ingredient pocket 350 configured to hold a food ingredient therein and allow the ingredient to diffuse into a liquid foodstuff contained in a beverage container 300 is depicted in
(67) The ingredient pocket 350 can be formed from a woven, knit, or otherwise water permeable material and attached to the internal surface of an aroma enhancing beverage container or beverage container lid using methods known in the art. Alternatively, the ingredient pocket 350 can be formed of a material that is impermeable to water, including without limitation, glass, ceramic, and food grade plastics. In such water impermeable embodiments, the ingredient pocket wall 350 can be formed with one or more holes (shown in broken lines) defined therethrough to allow desirable compounds or components of the ingredient to diffuse from the ingredient through the pocket 350 into the liquid foodstuff or steam while the bulk of the ingredient itself is retained in the pocket 350. In certain embodiments, the ingredient pocket 350 can be formed as an integral part of an aroma enhancing beverage container or lid from the constituent material of the beverage container or lid.
(68) An ingredient pocket 350 can be formed on any interior surface of an aroma enhancing beverage container or beverage container lid disclosed herein, including the interior surface of the canopy 322. However, it should be understood that the location of an ingredient pocket placement impacts the utility of the pocket. Specifically, placement of an ingredient pocket 350 on the interior sidewall 314 proximate to the aroma aperture 325 can advantageously increase user perception and enjoyment of the aroma and flavor of a liquid foodstuff contained in the beverage container 300 because aroma and flavor compounds released by an ingredient disposed in an ingredient pocket so placed will necessarily be more concentrated in the liquid near the pocket 350 than elsewhere in the beverage container 300. In this way, aroma enhancing beverage containers provided with an ingredient pocket 350 on the interior sidewall 314 below the aroma aperture 325 can deliver more concentrated foodstuff aroma and flavor to a user.
(69) By contrast, placement of an ingredient pocket 350 on an interior surface the canopy 322 of the aroma enhancing beverage containers and lids disclosed herein can allow steam evolved from a hot liquid contained in the beverage container 300 to pass through the permeable pocket wall 350 to the food ingredient contained therein, causing the steam trapped inside the canopy 322 to become increasingly infused with the aroma of the ingredient. This can be particularly advantageous for use with aromatherapeutic or medically active food ingredients that can be inhaled by the user.
(70) Turning now to
(71) The mounting portion 430 can include a skirt 433 having an internal flange 434. The skirt 433 can be sized and shaped to fit over the opening of the beverage container 110 and extend downward below the rim 116 such that an internal surface of the skirt 433 frictionally engages an exterior surface of the rim 116 while the flange 434 frictionally engages the top of the rim 116 when the mounting portion 430 is properly engaged with and mounted on the beverage container 110 as shown in
(72) The portion of the mounting portion 430 through which an aroma aperture 425 is defined can be an arc 423 of the mounting portion 430 extending from a first rim position 437 to a second rim position 439 spaced an arc length around a circumference of the mounting portion 430 from the first rim position 437. The portion of the rim 116 of the beverage container 110 left uncovered by the mounting portion 430 between the first and second rim positions 437, 439 (i.e., the portion of the rim corresponding to the arc 423) of the aroma aperture 425 forms a lip portion for receiving the lips of a user when a user drinks a liquid foodstuff contained in the beverage container 110 through the aroma aperture 425.
(73) The arc length can range from about 15% to about 50% of the perimeter of the mounting portion 430. In embodiments wherein the mounting portion 430 is annular, the arc length can range from about 15% to about 50% of the circumference of the mounting portion 430. In some embodiments, the second rim position 439 can be spaced from about /6 radians (i.e., 30) to about radians (i.e., 180) around a circumference of the mounting portion 430 from the first rim position 437. In certain embodiments, the second rim position 439 can be spaced from about 2/6 radians (i.e., 60) to about 5/6 radians (i.e., 150) around a circumference of the mounting portion 430 from the first rim position 437. In one embodiment, the arc length can be from about 2/6 radians (i.e., 60) to about 4/6 radians (i.e., 120) of the circumference of the mounting portion 430. In another embodiment, the arc length can be from about one-sixth to about one-third of the circumference of the mounting portion 430. In another embodiment, the length of the arc 423 can be equal to or greater than the width of the nose of a user.
(74) The portion of the canopy 422 through which the aroma aperture 425 is defined can include a segment of the canopy 422 defined by an angle subtended by the arc 423 from the vertex in the canopy 422, which in some embodiments, can be an apex 424 of the canopy 422. In other embodiments, the portion of the canopy 422 through which the aroma aperture 425 is defined can include a segment of the canopy 422 defined by an angle subtended by the arc 423 from the apex 424 of the canopy 422. The apex 424 can be located in the geometric center of the canopy 422 or distal from the center of the canopy 422.
(75) In some implementations, the difference in height between the vertex or apex 424 and the rim 116 can range from approximately zero units to approximately a distance between a user's mouth and top or root of the nose near the user's eyes, as shown in
(76) The aroma enhancing lids 400 disclosed herein can also include a selectively releasable closure member 460 configured to interface with the aroma aperture 425, and in some embodiments, a drink aperture. A selectively releasable closure member 460 can be a cover configured to control the size of an aroma aperture 425. In some embodiments, the selectively releasable closure member 460 can be a cover configured to releasably close or cover an aroma aperture 425. The closure member 460 can selectively hinge, rotate, pivot into and out of the aroma aperture 425. In additional embodiments, the selectively releasable closure member 460 can be configured to selectively seal one or both of an aroma aperture 425 and a drink aperture.
(77) Referring now to
(78) In some embodiments, a selectively releasable closure member 460 can be a selectively closable, rotatable closure member 460 with a handle 461 that protrudes an exterior surface of the member 260, as shown in
(79) Returning now again to
(80) As show in
(81) The arc length can range from about 15% to about 50% of the circumference of the canopy 222. In some embodiments, the arc length can range from about 30% to about 50% of the circumference of the canopy 222. The second lip position 239 can be spaced from about /6 radians (i.e., 30) to about it radians (i.e., 180) around a circumference of the canopy 222 from the first lip position 237. In certain embodiments, the second lip position 239 can be spaced from about 2/6 radians (i.e., 60) to about 5/6 radians (i.e., 150) around a circumference of the canopy 222 from the first lip position 237. In one embodiment, the arc length can be from about 2/6 radians (i.e., 60) to about 2/3 radians (i.e., 120) of the circumference of the canopy 222. In another embodiment, the arc length can range from about the width of the nose of a user to about the width of the mouth of a user.
(82) Referring again to
(83) In some embodiments, including the embodiment shown in
(84) In other embodiments, including the embodiments shown in
(85) In some embodiments, the canopy 222 can include a downwardly extending concave portion, which can include a substantially planar bottom face 280 inset below an exterior surface of the canopy 222 and a downwardly sloping sidewall 285 extending along the first and second lateral edges 226, 228 from the exterior surface of the canopy 222 to the planar bottom face 280. In some embodiments, the aroma aperture 225 can be defined through a portion of the planar bottom face 280, a portion of the sidewall 285, or portions of both the planar bottom face 280 and the sidewall 285. In such embodiments, the sidewall 285 of the canopy 222 can be the portion of the canopy 222 which covers a portion of the user's nose when the user drinks a beverage in the beverage container 110 through the lid.
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(87) In other embodiments, the selectively releasable closure member can be an automatic closure member 260 shaped and sized to closely match the dimensions of the aroma aperture 225, as shown in
(88) In still yet other embodiments, the selectively releasable closure member can be a flexible two stage closure member 260 as shown in
(89) The aroma enhancing beverage containers 300 and beverage container lids 200, 400 disclosed herein can be formed from any durable and suitably rigid material, including without limitation ceramic, plastic, stonewear, and metal.
(90) Thus, although there have been described particular embodiments of the present invention of new and useful AROMA ENHANCING BEVERAGE CONTAINERS AND LIDS, it is not intended that such references be construed as limitation upon the scope of the invention.