Method for operating an internal combustion engine, and internal combustion engine

Abstract

A method for operating an internal combustion engine, which includes at least a combustion engine, a fresh gas line and a fuel tank system. The fuel tank system includes a fuel tank, a fuel vapor filter, a purge gas line that connects the fuel vapor filter to the fresh gas line, and a sensor that is suited for determining a degree of hydrocarbon saturation of purge gas contained in the purge gas line. The fuel tank system also has a tank ventilation valve that is integrated in the purge gas line and/or a purge-gas feed device. In response to a control device, a tank ventilation process is initiated, as needed, for which the purge-gas feed device is operated, and/or the tank ventilation valve is opened; for the tank ventilation process, a hydrocarbon content of the purge gas being ascertained using the sensor. A quantity of fuel to be introduced into at least a combustion chamber of the combustion engine is then adjusted as a function of the ascertained hydrocarbon content. The hydrocarbon content is thereby continuously determined during the tank ventilation process and is utilized to actuate the tank ventilation valve and/or the purge-gas feed device.

Claims

1. A method for operating an internal combustion engine comprising a combustion engine, a fresh gas line, and a fuel tank system equipped with a fuel tank, and a fuel vapor filter, and a purge gas line that connects the fuel vapor filter to the fresh gas line, and a sensor that is suited for determining a degree of hydrocarbon saturation of purge gas contained in the purge gas line, and a tank ventilation valve that is integrated in the purge gas line, and/or a purge-gas feed device; wherein in response to a control device of the internal combustion engine that is connected by control technology to the tank ventilation valve and/or the purge-gas feed device, a tank ventilation process is initiated, as needed, for which the purge-gas feed device is operated, and/or the tank ventilation valve is opened; for the tank ventilation process, a hydrocarbon content of the purge gas being ascertained using the sensor; fuel, which is introduced into a combustion chamber of the combustion engine being dosed as a function of the ascertained hydrocarbon content, wherein the hydrocarbon content is continuously determined during the tank ventilation process and is utilized to actuate the tank ventilation valve and/or the purge-gas feed device.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein a pressure sensor and/or a hydrocarbon sensor is used as sensor.

3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein ascertaining a hydrocarbon content value includes adding a previously determined hydrocarbon content value and a change value; the change value being derived from an instantaneous value measured by the sensor and a weighting value.

4. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein the weighting value is altered during the tank ventilation process.

5. The method as recited in claim 4, wherein the weighting value is a function of the opening angle of the tank ventilation valve and/or of the level of the power control of the purge-gas feed device and/or of the time elapsed since the beginning of the tank ventilation process.

6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the tank ventilation valve is opened and/or the purge-gas feed device is operated already prior to initiation of the tank ventilation process.

7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the tank ventilation valve is opened and/or the purge-gas feed device is operated already prior to initiation of the tank ventilation process only when an operating temperature of the internal combustion engine is within a defined temperature range and/or the ambient temperature is above a limiting temperature.

8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein a tank ventilation process is initiated when an operating temperature range of the internal combustion engine is reached, and/or the combustion engine is operated in a normal operation, and/or an initial on-board diagnosis is concluded.

9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the ascertainment of the hydrocarbon content and the actuation of tank ventilation valve and/or of the purge-gas feed device are carried out as a function of the same start condition(s) for the tank ventilation process.

10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein a predefined actuation of the tank ventilation valve and/or of the purge-gas feed device is carried out for a lead time on the basis of a predefined value of the hydrocarbon content, once during a first tank ventilation process in an operating cycle of the internal combustion engine.

11. An internal combustion engine comprising a combustion engine, a fresh gas line, and a fuel tank system equipped with a fuel tank, and a fuel vapor filter, and a purge gas line that connects the fuel vapor filter to the fresh gas line, a sensor that is adapted for determining a degree of hydrocarbon saturation of purge gas contained in the purge gas line, and a tank ventilation valve that is integrated in the purge gas line, and/or a purge-gas feed device, and a control device that is connected by control technology to the tank ventilation valve and/or to the purge-gas feed device, wherein the control device is configured for carrying out the method according to claim 1.

12. The internal combustion engine as recited in claim 11, wherein a pressure sensor and/or a hydrocarbon sensor is used as the sensor.

13. The internal combustion engine as recited in claim 11, wherein the combustion engine can be operated with spark ignition.

14. The method as recited in claim 2, wherein the pressure sensor and/or the hydrocarbon sensor is integrated in the purge gas line.

15. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein a lambda sensor is used as the sensor.

16. The internal combustion engine as recited in claim 12, wherein the pressure sensor and/or the hydrocarbon sensor is integrated in the purge gas line.

17. The internal combustion engine as recited in claim 11, wherein a lambda sensor is used as the sensor.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The present invention is explained in greater detail in the following on the basis of exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. In the drawing:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention equipped with a fuel tank system;

(3) FIG. 2 is a graphic representation for illustrating the implementation of a method according to the present invention in accordance with a first specific embodiment;

(4) FIG. 3 is a graphic representation for illustrating the implementation of a method according to the present invention in accordance with a second specific embodiment;

(5) FIG. 4 is a graphic representation for illustrating the implementation of a method according to the present invention in accordance with a third specific embodiment; and

(6) FIG. 5 is a graphic representation for illustrating the ascertainment of the hydrocarbon content of the purge gas in the course of implementing a method according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(7) FIG. 1 depicts an internal combustion engine according to the present invention for a motor vehicle having a fuel tank system. It includes a fuel tank 10, which is connected via a vent line 12 to a fuel vapor filter 14, which may, in particular be in the form of an activated-carbon filter or at least be equipped therewith. Furthermore, fuel vapor filter 14 is connected via a purge gas line 16 to a fresh gas line 18 of the internal combustion engine; purge gas line 16 leading into fresh gas line 18 upstream (relative to the direction of flow of fresh gas in fresh gas line 18 toward a combustion engine 20 of the internal combustion engine) of a charge-air compressor 22 integrated in fresh gas line 18. Charge-air compressor 22 is part of an exhaust-gas turbocharger, which, furthermore, includes an exhaust-gas turbine 24 that is integrated in an exhaust-system branch 26 of the internal combustion engine. Also provided in the charge air path of fresh gas fresh gas line 18 disposed between charge-air compressor 22 and combustion engine 20 is a throttle valve 36 which divides the charge air path into an upstream section, often referred to as a pressure pipe, and a downstream section, often referred to as an intake manifold.

(8) Mixture quantities, which are composed of fresh gas, that is completely or essentially composed of ambient air, as well as of fuel that is injected, for example, directly by injection valves (not shown), are combusted in a generally known manner during operation of the internal combustion engine, in a defined sequence, in combustion chambers 28 of combustion engine 20, which are partially bounded by cylinders 30 of combustion engine 20; the thereby generated pressure increases in combustion chambers 28 being used to move pistons 32 that are guided longitudinally axially in cylinders 30. These movements of pistons 32 are converted into a rotary motion of a crankshaft (not shown) with the interposition of piston rods (not shown); the guiding of pistons 32 by the crankshaft via the piston rods simultaneously leading to a cyclical reciprocating movement of pistons 32. The exhaust gas produced during the combustion of the fresh gas-fuel mixture quantities in combustion chambers 28 is dissipated via exhaust-system branch 26 and thereby flows through exhaust-gas turbine 24, leading to a rotational driving of a turbine wheel (not shown). This rotation of the turbine wheel is transmitted by a shaft 34 to a compressor rotor (not shown) of charge-air compressor 22, whereby charge-air compressor 22 compresses the fresh gas to be supplied via fresh gas line 18 to combustion engine 20.

(9) Via the side thereof facing away from vent line 12 and purge gas line 16 (relative to the filtering action thereof for fuel vapors), fuel vapor filter 14 of the fuel tank system communicates gas-conductively with the ambient environment via an ambient air line 38; ambient air line 38 forming an ambient orifice 44 for that purpose.

(10) Fuel tank 10 is partially filled with liquid fuel, a portion of this fuel being typically vaporized, so that fuel in the gaseous aggregation state is also present in fuel tank 10. Such a vaporization of fuel in fuel tank 10 is intensified by a relatively high temperature of the fuel, which may be the case, in particular, at comparatively high ambient temperatures, as well as in response to a change in the ambient pressure, caused, for example, by an uphill driving of a motor vehicle equipped with the internal combustion engine. To avoid an excessively high overpressure in fuel tank 10 caused by such a vaporization, it is possible to equalize the pressure to the ambient pressure via vent line 12 and fuel vapor filter 14, as well as via ambient air line 38, fuel vapor filter 14 making it possible to prevent such a pressure equalization from resulting in fuel vapors escaping to the ambient environment.

(11) Such a venting of fuel tank 10 results in an increasing saturation of fuel vapor filter 14, which, in turn, necessitates regenerating the same in regular intervals. To this end, it is provided that fuel vapor filter 14 be purged by drawing in ambient air via ambient air line 38 and ambient orifice 44. This ambient air flows through fuel vapor filter 14 in the direction opposite that of the through-flow for venting fuel tank 10, whereby fuel molecules absorbed in fuel vapor filter 14 are entrained by the ambient air and delivered via purge gas line 16 into fresh gas line 18. This fuel is thereby fed to a combustion in combustion chambers 28 of combustion engine 20.

(12) Such a purging of fuel vapor filter 14 is provided merely periodically and always during operation of combustion engine 20 because, only then, may the fuel introduced into fresh gas line 18 by the purging of fuel vapor filter 14 also be reliably fed to a combustion in combustion chambers 34. On the other hand, an introduction into fresh gas line 18 during a non-operation of combustion engine 20 could cause the gaseous fuel to escape into the ambient environment via leaks in fresh gas line 18 and, in particular, via an intake opening of fresh gas line 18.

(13) Integrated in purge gas line 16 is a tank ventilation valve 42 that is located as closely as possible to orifice 40 of purge gas line 16 in fresh gas line 18 or is integrated therein.

(14) Purging fuel vapor filter 14 requires a sufficient pressure differential between the ambient pressure, on the one hand, and the pressure prevailing in fresh gas line 18 in the area of orifice 40 of purge gas line 16, on the other hand. This pressure differential is not always present due to strongly fluctuating pressures in fresh gas line 18 during an operation of combustion engine 26. During an operation of combustion engine 20 and thus of charge-air compressor 22, the pressure of the fresh gas in the portion of fresh gas line 18 in the area of orifice 40 of purge gas line 16 is mostly so low that a sufficient pressure differential is present relative to the ambient pressure existing at ambient orifice 44. However, this is not always the case.

(15) To make possible a purging of fuel vapor filter 14 at any time in order to reliably prevent a complete saturation of the same, the fuel tank system of the internal combustion engine also includes a purge-gas feed device 46, which is integrated in purge gas line 16, may also be normally referred to as purge air pump, and may be designed in the form of a piston-type compressor, then, in particular, as a vane-type compressor, or as a radial fan. Operating this purge-gas feed device 46 makes it possible to actively draw in ambient air via ambient orifice 44 and ambient air line 38, which then flows through fuel vapor filter 14 for the purging thereof and is fed via purge-gas feed device 46 up to orifice 40 of purge gas line 16.

(16) At least purge-gas feed device 46, tank ventilation valve 42, throttle valve 36, and the injection valves are actuable by a control device 48 (for example, the engine management of the internal combustion engine). This actuation thereby takes place at least partially as a function of measured values of a lambda sensor 50 integrated in exhaust-system branch 26 and/or of a pressure sensor or hydrocarbon sensor 52 integrated in purge gas line 16.

(17) In accordance with the present invention, the hydrocarbon content, i.e., the content of hydrocarbons contained in purge gas line 16, respectively of the purge gas flowing therethrough, is continuously determined during a tank ventilation process and is utilized to actuate tank ventilation valve 42 and/or purge-gas feed device 46 to influence the quantity of the hydrocarbons entrained by the purge gas via fresh gas line 18 into combustion chambers 28 of combustion engine 20, which act as fuel. At the same time, control device 48 doses the fuel additionally introduced by the injection valves into combustion chambers 28 in such a way that a possibly changing setpoint value for the fuel-oxygen ratio of the combustion gases in combustion chambers 28 and thereby also an oxygen ratio in the exhaust gas created upon combustion of these combustion gases is substantially maintained. Accordingly, control device 48 is also used as a lambda controller of the internal combustion engine.

(18) Exhaust gas, which is formed during combustion of the fuel-fresh gas mixture quantities in combustion chambers 28 of combustion engine 20, flows around lambda sensor 50, which is integrated in exhaust-system branch 26 and subsequently produces a measurement signal indicative of the proportion of residual oxygen in the exhaust gas. This measurement signal is transmitted to control device 48, which uses it both in the function thereof as a lambda controller, as well as in the function thereof as a regulating device for evaporative emission control, respectively for actuating purge-gas feed device 46 and tank ventilation valve 42. It may be provided that both the absolute value of the measurement signal of lambda sensor 50, as well as a correction value, determined by control device 48 in the function thereof as a lambda controller, be transmitted to control device 48 in the function thereof as a regulating device for evaporative emission control, to actuate the injection valves and, if indicated, also throttle valve 36 anew, respectively in a modified form, on the basis of the measurement signal of lambda sensor 50, to observe a defined fuel-oxygen ratio of the fuel-fresh gas mixture quantities, which are combusted in combustion chambers 28. On the basis of these input quantities, control device 48, in the function thereof as a regulating device for evaporative emission control, computes actuation signals for purge-gas feed device 46 and tank ventilation valve 42. By appropriately driving purge-gas feed device 46 and suitably adjusting the opening angle of tank ventilation valve 42, the quantity of the purge gas introduced into the fresh gas line 18 is influenced, which, in turn, influences the fuel introduced on the whole, i.e., via the injection valves, on the one hand, and via the fresh gas into combustion chambers 28, on the other hand.

(19) In accordance with FIG. 5, ascertaining a hydrocarbon content value B.sub.2 includes adding a previously determined hydrocarbon content value B.sub.1, a change value, which is derived from the value that is a function of the instantaneous value measured by sensor 50, 52, and a weighting value, specifically a weighting factor K. In FIG. 5, weighting factor K is specifically combined with, respectively multiplied by a value , that is indicative of a deviation of the setpoint value for the fuel-oxygen ratio currently predefined by the lambda controller.

(20) In generally the same graphic representations, FIG. 2 through 4 illustrate the procedure for carrying out a method according to the present invention in accordance with various specific embodiments. The graphic representations thereby each show three tables, of which the upper assigns specific weighting factors K (from 0 to 3) to specific links of the hydrocarbon content to time intervals of a tank ventilation process. The chronological sequence of the tank ventilation process thereby extends from left to right along the columns, starting from the start value zero seconds (0 s). The earlier interval represents a lead time, while a predefined actuation of tank ventilation valve 42 and of purge-gas feed device 46 is carried out once on the basis of a predefined value of the hydrocarbon content during a first tank ventilation process in an operating cycle of the internal combustion engine. During this lead time, weighting factor K is always set to zero. On the other hand, the rows in the table reflect the different degrees of saturation of the purge gas with hydrocarbons, respectively different hydrocarbon contents; no saturation being denoted by a zero, a small degree of saturation by a plus sign, a slight degree of saturation by two plus signs, a medium degree of saturation by three plus signs, and a high degree of saturation by four plus signs.

(21) In each case, the middle table links specific opening angles of tank ventilation valve 42 to the same time intervals of the tank ventilation process as the upper table; the opening angles ranging from zero, in accordance with a completely closed state, to five, in accordance with a state that is open completely, respectively to the greatest extent possible.

(22) In each case, the bottom table links specific performance states of purge-gas feed device 46; the performance states ranging from zero in accordance with a non-operation of purge-gas feed device 46 to three in accordance with an operation of purge-gas feed device 46 at maximum power, respectively driving speed.

(23) In accordance with FIG. 2, the recording of the degree of hydrocarbon saturation may be temporally coupled to the components participating in a tank ventilation process (in particular, tank ventilation valve 42 and purge-gas feed device 46), the learning of the hydrocarbon content for the duration of the tank ventilation process being varied to match a predefined actuation of the tank ventilation components. In accordance with FIG. 2, this predefined actuation of the tank ventilation components thereby includes first carefully opening tank ventilation valve 42, then more rapidly opening the same while simultaneously actuating purge-gas feed device 46, prior to final closing of tank ventilation valve 42.

(24) In a predefined actuation of the tank ventilation components, in accordance with FIG. 3, the hydrocarbon content may be constantly, respectively steadily learned over the duration of a tank ventilation process, i.e., the same weighting factor is always considered during different actuation processes.

(25) In accordance with FIG. 4, the process of learning the hydrocarbon content may take place predominantly at the beginning of a tank ventilation process while the tank ventilation components are simultaneously subject to a relatively limited actuation. In the further course, only a very limited learning progress or even no learning progress at all is then still provided while the tank ventilation components are actuated correspondingly.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

(26) 10 fuel tank 12 venting line 14 fuel vapor filter 16 purge gas line 18 fresh gas line 20 combustion engine 22 charge-air compressor 24 exhaust-gas turbine 26 exhaust-system branch 28 combustion chamber of the combustion engine 30 cylinder of the combustion engine 32 piston of the combustion engine 34 shaft 36 throttle valve 38 ambient air line 40 orifice of the purge gas line 42 tank ventilation valve 44 ambient orifice 46 purge-gas feed device 48 control device 50 lambda sensor 52 pressure sensor or hydrocarbon sensor in the purge gas line