Manufacturing method for three-dimensional product having uniform property using selective laser sintering 3D printer

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional product having uniform mechanical properties using an SLS 3D printer including the steps of: preparing a mixed powder material by mixing resin powder and glass bubbles, wherein the specific gravity of the glass bubbles is from about 0.8 to about 1.2 times that of the resin powder; supplying the mixed powder material to the 3D printer using a roller; and selectively sintering the mixed powder material by irradiating the powder material using a laser based on 3D data of the product to be manufactured.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional product having uniform mechanical properties using a selective laser sintering 3D printer, the method comprising steps of: preparing a mixed powder material by mixing resin powder and glass bubbles, wherein a specific gravity of the glass bubbles is from about 0.8 to about 1.2 times that of the resin powder; supplying the mixed powder material to a 3D printer; and selectively sintering the mixed powder material by irradiating it using a laser based on 3D data of the product to be manufactured, wherein the specific gravity of the glass bubble is adjusted by adjusting a ratio of an outer diameter of the glass bubble and an inner diameter of the glass bubble, and wherein the inner diameter of the glass bubble is 81% to 85% of the outer diameter of the glass bubble.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixed powder is supplied to the 3D printer using a roller.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific gravity of the glass bubble is from about 0.9 to about 1.1 times that of the resin powder.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the glass bubbles comprise a mixture of glass bubbles having a same outer diameter as the outer diameter of the resin powder and glass bubbles having an outer diameter of from about to about of the outer diameter of the resin powder.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the resin powder is selected from the group consisting of nylon 6, nylon 66, polypropylene, ABS, PLA, PC, and PMMA.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the resin powder is from about 2 to about 200 m.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The above and other features of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to certain exemplary embodiments thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings which are given hereinbelow by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates an outer diameter D1 and an inner diameter D2 of a glass bubble.

(3) It should be understood that the appended drawings are not necessarily to scale, presenting a somewhat simplified representation of various preferred features illustrative of the basic principles of the invention. The specific design features of the present disclosure as disclosed herein, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and shapes will be determined in part by the particular intended application and use environment.

(4) In the FIGURES, reference numbers refer to the same or equivalent parts of the present invention throughout the several FIGURES of the drawing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) Hereinafter reference is made in detail to various embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described below. While exemplary embodiments are described, it will be understood that present description is not intended to limit the disclosure to those exemplary embodiments. On the contrary, the disclosure is intended to cover not only the exemplary embodiments, but also various alternatives, modifications, equivalents and other embodiments, as defined by the appended claims.

(6) The present disclosure provides a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional product having uniform properties using a selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printer, including the steps of: preparing a mixed powder material by mixing resin powder and glass bubbles; supplying the mixed powder material to the 3D printer using a roller; and selectively sintering the mixed powder material by irradiating the powder using a laser according to 3D data of the product to be manufactured; wherein the specific gravity of the glass bubbles is from about 0.8 to about 1.2 times larger than that of the resin powder.

(7) Hereinafter, the method of manufacturing the three-dimensional product having uniform properties using the SLS 3D printer according to an exemplary embodiment is described in more detail.

(8) To address the positional dispersion problem, the method provides for adjusting the specific gravity of the glass bubbles equal to that of the base powder by controlling the ratio of the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the glass bubbles. This allows the physical properties of the printed product to be uniform throughout.

(9) The specific gravity of the glass bubble may be controlled by adjusting the ratio of the outer diameter and the inner diameter. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the outer diameter of the glass bubble means the entire diameter of the glass bubble and the inner diameter means a diameter of an inner empty space surrounded by the glass. As the inner diameter decreases relative to the outer diameter of the glass bubble, the glass thickness and the specific gravity increase. On the other hand, as the inner diameter increases relative to the outer diameter, the thickness and specific gravity decrease.

(10) The specific gravity of the glass bubble material is preferably 0.8 to 1.2 times, and more preferably 0.9 to 1.1, times larger than that of the resin powder. If the specific gravity of the glass bubble is less than 0.8 of that of the resin, the outer thickness of the glass bubble is undesirably thin, and the glass bubble may be broken during milling, molding, and transferring, or the impact strength of the product may be degraded. When the specific gravity of the glass bubble is more than 1.2 times of that of the resin, dispersion is insufficient in the transfer preparation process for 3D printing, and thus the mechanical properties of the printed matter may not be uniform.

(11) The glass bubble material used in the example embodiment of the manufacturing method may comprise a mixture of glass bubbles having different outer diameters.

(12) In one embodiment, the glass bubble material may comprise a mixture of glass bubbles having the same outer diameter as the outer diameter of the resin powder and glass bubbles having an outer diameter of from about to about of the outer diameter of the resin powder. By using glass bubbles having an outer diameter smaller than that of the resin powder, it is possible to minimize empty spaces between resin powder and minimize generation of holes or pockets after irradiating the material with a laser. While the type of resin powder used is not limited, in an example embodiment, the resin powder is selected from the group consisting of nylon 6, nylon 66, polypropylene, ABS, PLA, PC, and PMMA.

(13) The outer diameter of the resin powder may be from about 2 to about 200 m, preferably from about 10 to about 100 m, and more preferably from about 25 to about 55 m. If the outer diameter of the resin powder is less than 2 m, the powder grinding process is expensive and time-consuming, and the resin powder material is difficult to handle due to static electricity generated during molding and preparing processes. If the outer diameter of the resin powder is more than 200 m, the laser irradiation time needed for melting and output increases and the surface quality of the printed product suffers.

(14) The resin powder also may selectively include a compatibilizing agent and a coupling agent on the surface in order to improve adhesion strength between the resin and the surface between the resin powder and the glass bubbles. In an example embodiment, the compatibilizing agent may be a modified maleic anhydride, and the coupling agent may be a silane-based coupling agent.

(15) In a further example embodiment of the manufacturing method according to the present disclosure, an auxiliary reinforcing agent (including, for example, carbon black, carbon nanotubes (CNT), glass fiber or the like) may be additionally powdered and added to the resin-glass mixture. Addition of the reinforcing agent may further enhance the mechanical properties of the printed product compared to conventional materials. The auxiliary reinforcing agent may be added in amounts from about 0.5 to about 5 parts by weight and preferably from about 1 to about 3 parts by weight. When there is too little auxiliary reinforcing agent, the reinforcing effect is not exhibited. When the amount of the auxiliary reinforcing agent is too high, it is difficult to maintain dispersion due to a difference in specific gravity between the auxiliary reinforcing agent and the resin powder.

(16) Hereinafter, non-limiting example embodiments are described in detail.

EXAMPLES

Examples 1 to 15

(17) A mixed powder obtained by mixing glass bubbles having an outer diameter and an inner diameter as illustrated in Table 1 below with resin powder was used as the starting for an SLS 3D printer to prepare a component.

(18) The resin powder was nylon PA6 in Examples 1 to 8, nylon PA66 in Examples 9 and 10, polypropylene (PP) in Example 11, ABS in Example 12, PC in Example 13, PMMA in Example 14, and PLA in Example 15.

Comparative Examples 1 to 7

(19) A mixed powder obtained by mixing glass bubbles having an outer diameter and an inner diameter as illustrated in Table 1 below with resin powder was used as the starting material for an SLS 3D printer to prepare a component.

(20) The resin powder was nylon PA6 in Comparative Examples 1 to 5 and nylon PA66 in Comparative Examples 6 and 7.

Test Example

(21) The roughness, the specific gravity of upper and lower ends, and the tensile strength MPa of upper and lower ends of a three-dimensional component manufactured according to the Examples and Comparative Examples were measured and are set forth in Table 1 below.

(22) The roughness of the component was indicated as roughness numbers for the surface roughness using the KS standard divided into five ranges of N1 to N4, N5 to N7, N8 to N9, N10 to N11, and N12. Higher numbers indicate a greater degree of surface roughness.

(23) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Classification ple 1 ple 2 ple 3 ple 4 ple 5 ple 6 ple 7 ple 8 ple 9 ple 10 ple 11 ple 12 Outer diameter of resin powder 40 30 50 60 20 40 30 50 40 30 40 30 Glass Outer diameter 40 30 50 60 20 40 30 50 40 30 40 30 bubble 1 (D.sub.1, m) Inner diameter 33.2 24.9 41.5 49.8 16.6 33.2 24.9 41.5 32.8 24.6 34.9 25.5 (D.sub.2, m) Glass Outer diameter 20 15 25 bubble 2 (D.sub.1, m) Inner diameter 16.6 12.4 20.7 (D.sub.2, m) Specific gravity of resin powder 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.24 1.24 0.91 1.05 Specific gravity of glass bubble 1 1.12 1.15 1.13 1.14 1.13 1.12 1.15 1.13 1.20 1.22 0.91 1.05 Specific gravity of glass bubble 2 1.12 1.15 1.13 Roughness of 3D printing N6 N7 N6 N6 N7 N6 N7 N6 N7 N7 N6 N7 component Upper end Specific 1.10 1.15 1.13 1.13 1.12 1.12 1.15 1.14 1.20 1.22 0.92 1.05 of 3D printing gravity component Tensile 48 50 51 50 49 52 54 53 56 57 31 31 strength Lower end Specific 1.12 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.14 1.12 1.14 1.13 1.21 1.22 0.91 1.06 of 3D printing gravity component Tensile 48 50 52 51 50 53 54 53 58 57 32 30 strength Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- ative ative ative ative ative ative ative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Classification ple 13 ple 14 ple 15 ple 1 ple 2 ple 3 ple 4 ple 5 ple 6 ple 7 Outer diameter of resin powder 40 50 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Glass Outer diameter 40 50 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 bubble 1 (D.sub.1, m) Inner diameter 32.8 41.2 32.4 20 30 32 38 36 20 30 (D.sub.2, m) Glass Outer diameter bubble 2 (D.sub.1, m) Inner diameter (D.sub.2, m) Specific gravity of resin powder 1.22 1.19 1.25 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.24 1.24 Specific gravity of glass bubble 1 1.22 1.19 1.25 1.38 1.28 1.27 1.20 1.22 1.41 1.36 Specific gravity of glass bubble 2 Roughness of 3D printing N7 N7 N7 N11 N10 N9 N9 N9 N9 N9 component Upper end Specific 1.21 1.18 1.25 1.36 1.26 1.25 1.12 1.13 1.42 1.35 of 3D printing gravity component Tensile 56 73 51 59 57 56 47 48 65 63 strength Lower end Specific 1.22 1.19 1.24 1.04 1.08 1.18 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.20 of 3D printing gravity component Tensile 56 72 51 46 49 51 52 55 57 57 strength

(24) As shown in Table 1, in the Comparative Examples, as the inner diameter of the glass bubble decreased relative to the outer diameter, the thickness of the glass bubble increased and the difference in specific gravity between the glass bubbles and the resin led to positional distribution. As a result, the tensile strength of the lower end tensile strength of the lower end of the printed component was lower than the tensile strength of the upper end (i.e. there was not uniformity of mechanical properties in the printed product).

(25) As also illustrated in Table 1, in the case of Examples in which the specific gravity of the glass bubbles was from 0.8 to 1.2 times that of the resin powder, the component roughness was low compared with Comparative Examples, the specific gravity of the glass bubbles was from 0.9 to 1.1 times, and the specific gravity of the upper end and the lower end of the component was relatively uniform compared with the Comparative Examples, and the tensile strength of the upper end and the lower end of the component was relatively uniform compared with the Comparative Examples.

(26) While example embodiments have been described in detail above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.