Repairable sliding plate of pantograph of electric locomotive and method for making the same

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a novel high-performance repairable sliding plate of a pantograph of an electric locomotive and a manufacturing method thereof. The sliding plate includes a monometallic substrate and a conductive, wear-resistant, anticorrosion and self-lubricating coating integrated with the substrate. The coating is formed by plasma spraying CuTiO.sub.2 core-shell composite powder on the monometallic substrate directly, and includes the following components by mass percent: 60-70% of Ti.sub.4O.sub.7, 15-25% of Cu, 10-15% of Ti.sub.xO.sub.(2x1) and 5-10% of TiO.sub.2, where 5x10. The multifunctional composite coating is the working layer of the sliding plate of the present disclosure, and the damage of the coating can be repaired by plasma spraying with the composite powder, thereby recovering dimensional accuracy and service performance.

Claims

1. A repairable sliding plate of a pantograph of an electronic locomotive, comprising: a seat; a substrate mounted on the seat; a CuTinO2n1 composite coating formed on a surface of the substrate, wherein 4n10; and wherein the CuTinO2n1 composite coating comprises the following components by mass percent: 60 wt %-70 wt % of Ti4O7, 15 wt %-25 wt % of Cu, 10 wt %-15 wt % of TixO2x1 and 5 wt %-10 wt % of TiO2, and wherein 5x10.

2. The sliding plate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a monometallic substrate.

3. The sliding plate according to claim 2, wherein the monometallic substrate is made from copper.

4. A method for making the sliding plate according to claim 1, comprising: preparing a composite coating on a surface of a substrate through plasma spraying with CuTiO2 core-shell composite powder; and mounting the substrate coated with the composite coating on a seat.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the CuTiO2 core-shell composite powder is prepared by ultrasonic dispersion and spray drying according to the flowing steps: mixing 15 wt %-25 wt % of Cu powder and 75 wt %-85 wt % of TiO2 powder to obtain mixed powder, and mixing and stirring the mixed powder, deionized water and a binder to obtain a mixed slurry; performing an ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed slurry to obtain an intermediate slurry; and performing a spray granulation on the intermediate slurry to obtain the CuTiO.sub.2 core-shell composite powder.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, the mixed slurry comprises: 20 wt %-40 wt % of the mixed powder, 60 wt %-78 wt % of the deionized water, and 1 wt %-3 wt % of the binder.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the binder is polyvinyl alcohol.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the ultrasonic dispersion is performed for 2.5-4 hours, a frequency of the ultrasonic dispersion is 40 Hz-60 Hz, and a temperature of the ultrasonic dispersion is 45 C.-60 C.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein anionic polycarboxylate electrolyte which accounts for 0.1%-1% of total weight of mixed slurry is added in the mixed slurry in the ultrasonic dispersion process.

10. The method according to claim 4, wherein the preparing a composite coating on a surface of a substrate through plasma spraying with CuTiO2 core-shell composite powder comprises: conveying the CuTiO2 core-shell composite powder to a nozzle of a plasma spraying device through a powder feeder; introducing working gas comprising Ar and H2 into a reaction chamber of the plasma spraying device; and controlling a voltage and a current, enabling hydrogen plasma and hydrogen in a plasma flame flow to chemically react with oxygen in TiO2 to generate Ti4O7 using the temperature of plasma flame, and spraying the Ti4O7 to the surface of the substrate to form a composite coating.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein a powder feed rate of the CuTiO2 composite powder 15 g/min-30 g/min.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the content of H2 in the working gas is 20%-30% of that of Ar.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the flow of Ar is 125 L/min-135 L/min, and the flow of H2 is 30 L/min-40 L/min.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein in the plasma spraying, the voltage is 135V-145V, and the current is 440 A-460 A.

15. The method according to claim 11, wherein in the plasma spraying, a distance between the nozzle and the surface of substrate is 70 mm-90 mm.

16. The method according to claim 4, further comprising: performing a pretreatment on the surface of substrate before the preparing the composite coating, wherein the pretreatment comprises: performing an ultrasonic cleaning on the surface of substrate and performing a sand blasting on the cleaned surface of the substrate.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the ultrasonic cleaning is performed using acetone.

18. The method according to claim 4, further comprising: grinding and polishing a surface of the composite coating of the substrate before mounting the substrate coated with the composite coating on the seat, wherein the substrate coated with the composite coating is mounted on the seat via a conductive adhesive.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein a thickness of the composite coating is reduced by 80 m-100 m by the grinding and polishing, and the thickness of the ground and polished composite coating is 300 m-320 m.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sliding plate of a pantograph prepared by a method according to the present disclosure;

(2) FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope diagram illustrating a CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder in a core-shell structure;

(3) FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating a friction coefficient curve of a sliding plate prepared in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure and a friction coefficient curve of an existing sliding plate;

(4) FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating a scratch depth curve of the sliding plate prepared in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure and a scratch depth curve of an existing sliding plate;

(5) FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for making a sliding plate of a pantograph according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure;

(6) FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for making a sliding plate of a pantograph according to embodiment 2 of the present disclosure; and

(7) FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for making a sliding plate of a pantograph according to a reference example of the present disclosure.

(8) The present disclosure is further described in detail below. But the following embodiments are only exemplary examples of the present disclosure, and do not represent or limit a protection scope of claims of the present disclosure. The protection scope of the present disclosure depends on the claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(9) The technical solution of the present disclosure is further described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments and drawings.

(10) To describe the present disclosure better and facilitate the understanding of the technical solution of the present disclosure, the typical but non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure are as follows.

(11) An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a sliding plate of a pantograph. The sliding plate includes a seat 3, a substrate 2 mounted on the seat 3; and a CuTi.sub.nO.sub.(2n1) composite coating 1 formed on a surface of the substrate 2, where n is greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 10.

(12) The CuTi.sub.nO.sub.(2n1) composite coating includes the following components by mass percent: 60%-70% of Ti.sub.4O.sub.7, 15%-25% of Cu, 10%-15% of Ti.sub.xO.sub.(2x1) and 5%-10% of TiO.sub.2, where x is greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10.

(13) The substrate is a monometallic substrate. In one or more embodiment, the substrate is copper. In another embodiment, the substrate is iron.

(14) In an exemplary embodiment, in the CuTi.sub.nO.sub.(2n1) composite coating, n is not less than 4 and not more than 10. For example, n may be 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present invention does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(15) In an exemplary embodiment, by mass percent, the CuTi.sub.nO.sub.(2n1) composite coating includes: 60 wt %-70 wt % of Ti.sub.4O.sub.7; 15 wt %-25 wt % of Cu; 10 wt %-15 wt % of CuTi.sub.nO.sub.(2n1) and 5 wt %-10 wt % of TiO.sub.2; where 5x10.

(16) In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of the Ti.sub.4O.sub.7 in the composite coating is of 60% to 70% expressed as a percent by mass based on the total mass of the composite coating. For example, the amount of the Ti.sub.4O.sub.7 in the composite coating may be of 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69% or 70%, and a specific value between 60% and 70%. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(17) In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of the Cu in the composite coating is of 15% to 25% expressed as a percent by mass based on the total mass of the composite coating. For example, the content of Cu may be 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24% or 25%, and a specific value between 15% and 25%. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(18) In an exemplary embodiment, by mass percentage, the amount of the CuTi.sub.nO.sub.(2n1) in the composite coating is of 10% to 15% expressed as a percent by mass based on the total mass of the composite coating. For example, the content of Ti.sub.xO.sub.(2x1) may be 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14% or 15%, and a specific value between 10% and 15%. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(19) In an exemplary embodiment, in the above Ti.sub.xO.sub.(2x1), x is not less than 5 and not more than 10, for example, x may be 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(20) In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of the TiO.sub.2 in the composite coating is of 5% to 10% expressed as a percent by mass based on the total mass of the composite coating. For example, the content of TiO.sub.2 may be 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%, and a specific value between 5% and 10%. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(21) In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate is a monometallic substrate. For example, the monometallic substrate may be made from copper or iron and the like, but is not only limited to this.

(22) The present disclosure further provides a method for making the above sliding plate. The method includes the following steps: preparing a composite coating on a surface of a substrate through plasma spraying with CuTiO.sub.2 core-shell composite powder; and mounting the substrate coated with the composite coating on a seat.

(23) In the plasma spraying process, hydrogen plasma and hydrogen in a plasma fame flow chemically react with oxygen in TiO.sub.2 (see formulas 1 and 2), to take away oxygen in a TiO bond, generate an oxygen vacancy, deoxidize TiO.sub.2, and generate titanium suboxide (Ti.sub.4O.sub.7) having an anoxic phase, thereby obtaining the high-content Ti.sub.4O.sub.7 and then obtaining the composite coating on the surface of the substrate.
TiO.sub.2+H.sub.2.fwdarw.Ti.sub.4O.sub.7+H.sub.2O(1)
TiO.sub.2+H+.fwdarw.Ti.sub.4O.sub.7+H.sub.2O(2)

(24) The present disclosure also provides a method to prepare the CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder in a core-shell structure. As shown in FIG. 2, Cu 4 in the CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder is a core, and TiO.sub.2 5 coats Cu to form a shell. For the CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder in the core-shell structure, Cu is coated by TiO.sub.2 and is inside the powder, thereby effectively reducing the contact area of Cu and air, and inhibiting oxidation of Cu. In addition, TiO.sub.2, as the shell, can fully contact with H.sub.2 in a plasma jet and is deoxidized, thereby increasing the conversion efficiency of the titanium suboxide.

(25) Optionally, the present disclosure prepares the CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder in the core-shell structure with an ultrasonic dispersion and spray drying method, but is not limited to this. The method for preparing the CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder in the core-shell structure includes: mixing 15%-25% of Cu powder and 75%-85% of TiO.sub.2 powder by mass percent, and mixing and stirring the mixed powder with deionized water and a binder to obtain a mixed slurry; performing the ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed slurry to obtain an intermediate slurry; and performing spray granulation on the intermediate slurry to obtain the CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder in the core-shell structure.

(26) In the present disclosure, the size of the Cu powder is set to be 10-30 m, such as 10 m, 13 m, 15 m, 18 m, 20 m, 23 m, 25 m, 28 m or 30 m, and a specific value from 10 m to 30 m. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(27) The particle size of the TiO.sub.2 powder used in the present disclosure is at nano-level, and is generally within 1 nm-100 nm.

(28) According to the present disclosure, the particle size of CuTiO.sub.2 core-shell composite powder finally obtained is 25 m-70 m, for example, the particle size of CuTiO.sub.2 core-shell composite powder may be 25 m, 30 m, 35 m, 40 m, 45 m, 50 m, 55 m, 60 m, 65 m or 70 m, and a specific value between 25 m and 70 m. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(29) For the present disclosure, if the particle size of the composite powder is too small and the powder mass is light, burning loss, flying and other problems may be generated in the spraying process, causing that the powder feed is difficult and the deposition efficiency of the coating is poor. If the particle size of the powder is too large, it is difficult for a powder feeder to feed the powder and to speed up in the plasma jet, and the melting degree is insufficient, the deposition efficiency on the substrate is low, and the coating has many gaps and poor quality.

(30) In an exemplary embodiment, by mass percent, the mixed slurry includes: 20%-40% of mixed powder, 60%-78% of deionized water, and 1%-3% of binder.

(31) In an exemplary embodiment, the binder is polyvinyl alcohol.

(32) In an exemplary embodiment, the ultrasonic dispersion is performed for 2.5-4 hours, the frequency is 40 Hz-60 Hz, and the temperature is 45 C.-60 C.

(33) To reduce an agglomeration phenomenon of nano TiO.sub.2 powder, in the present disclosure, anionic polycarboxylate electrolyte (SND 6800) that accounts for 0.1%-1% of total weight of the mixed slurry is added in the mixed slurry in the ultrasonic dispersion process.

(34) The plasma spraying technology is a general technology. The present disclosure does not repeat the specific structure and mechanism of a plasma spraying device, and only limits key parameters that greatly influence the present disclosure. The specific operation of the plasma spraying includes: conveying the CuTiO.sub.2 core-shell composite powder to a nozzle of a plasma spraying device through a powder feeder, introducing working gas including Ar and H.sub.2 into a reaction chamber of the plasma spraying device, controlling voltages and currents, enabling the hydrogen plasma and hydrogen in a plasma flame flow to chemically react with oxygen in TiO.sub.2 to generate Ti.sub.4O.sub.7 using the temperature of plasma flame, and spraying Ti.sub.4O.sub.7 to the surface of the substrate to form a composite coating.

(35) In an exemplary embodiment, a powder feed rate of the CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder is 15 g/mm-30 g/mm, and for example, the powder feed rate may be 15 g/min, 17 g/min, 20 g/min, 23 g/min, 25 g/min, 27 g/min or 30 g/min, and a specific value between 15 g/mm and 30 g/mm. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(36) In an exemplary embodiment, the content of H.sub.2 in the working gas is 20-30% of that of Ar, and for example, the content of H.sub.2 of that of Ar may be 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29% or 30%, and a specific value between 20 and 30%. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(37) For the present disclosure, the content of H.sub.2 must be controlled within the above range. When the content of H.sub.2 is too large, the erosion of the nozzle and the cathode may be serious, thereby reducing the service life of the spray gun. Moreover, H.sub.2 has small ionization degree and high heat content, and the potential safety hazard is present if the content is too high. When the proportion of H.sub.2 is too small, the deoxidization efficiency of TiO.sub.2 may be reduced, and the generation of the titanium suboxide in the product may be reduced.

(38) In an exemplary embodiment, the flow of Ar is 125 L/min-135 L/min, and for example, the flow of Ar may be 125 L/min, 126 L/min, 127 L/min, 128 L/min, 129 L/min, 130 L/min, 131 L/min, 132 L/min, 133 L/min, 134 L/min or 135 L/min, and a specific value between 125 L/min and 135 L/min. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(39) When the flow of Ar is too high, the heating of powder is not facilitated, the powder is not molten uniformly, the spraying efficiency is reduced, the coating tissue is loosened, and the porosity is increased. When the flow of Ar is too low, the operating voltage of the spray gun may be reduced, the flame flow may be weak, and the erosion of the nozzle is easily caused.

(40) In an exemplary embodiment, the flow of H.sub.2 is 30 L/min-40 L/min, and for example, the flow of H.sub.2 is could be 30 L/min, 31 L/min, 32 L/min, 33 L/min, 34 L/min, 35 L/min, 36 L/min, 37 L/min, 38 L/min or 39 L/min or 40 L/mm, and a specific value between 30 L/min and 40 L/min. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(41) When the flow of Ar is too high or too low, a consequence brought is similar to that when the flow of H.sub.2 is too high or too low, both of which do not facilitate the preparation of the composite coating and should be avoided as far as possible in the preparation process.

(42) In an exemplary embodiment, during the plasma spraying, the voltage is 135 V-145V, and for example, the voltage may be 135V, 136V, 137V, 138V, 139V, 140V, 141V, 142V, 143V, 144V or 145V, and a specific value of the above-mentioned values between 135 V and 145V. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(43) In an exemplary embodiment, during the plasma spraying, the current is 440 A-460 A, and for example, the current may be 440 A, 443 A, 445 A, 448 A, 450 A, 453 A, 455 A, 458 A or 460 A, and a specific value between 440 A and 460 A. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(44) The above-mentioned voltage and the current are also important parameters in the preparation process, and a product of the voltage and the current is a spray power. When the spray power is too large, the spraying material may be gasified and the composition of the coating may be changed, and the steam condensation may cause poor bonding of the coating and also intensify the erosion of the nozzle and the electrode. When the spraying power is too small, the spraying particles are not heated enough, and the bonding strength, hardness and deposition efficiency of the coating are reduced.

(45) According to the present disclosure, during the plasma spraying, a distance between the nozzle and the surface of the substrate is 70 mm-90 mm, and for example, the distance may be 70 mm, 73 mm, 75 mm, 78 mm, 80 mm, 83 mm, 85 mm, 88 mm or 90 mm, and a specific value between 70 mm and 90 mm. For the sake of the space and conciseness, the present disclosure does not enumerate the values endlessly.

(46) When the distance between the nozzle and the surface of the substrate is too long, the powder which has been heated to a molten state is cooled, and the flying speed is reduced, thereby affecting the bonding of the coating and the substrate; and moreover, the spraying efficiency is reduced, and the porosity of the coating is increased. When the distance is too short, the powder may not be heated enough, thereby affecting the bonding strength, causing that the temperature of the substrate is too high and generating thermal deformation.

(47) In the present disclosure, the surface of the substrate is pretreated before the plasma spraying. The pretreatment is as follows: performing ultrasonic cleaning on the surface of substrate with acetone to remove pollutants on the surface of the sliding plate; and then performing sand blasting on the cleaned surface, and forming a clean coarse surface on an external surface, thereby enhancing a mechanical bonding force between the molten spraying particles and the substrate surface and improving the bonding strength of the coating.

(48) In the present disclosure, before mounting the substrate on the seat, the surface of the composite coating of the substrate is ground and polished. A thickness of the composite coating is reduced by 80-100 and the thickness of the ground and polished composite coating is 300-320 m. Then, the substrate is mounted on the seat through a conductive adhesive.

Embodiment 1

(49) In step 110, CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder is prepared with an ultrasonic dispersion and spray drying method. In one or more embodiments, step 110 includes steps 111 to 114.

(50) In step 111, by mass percent, 20% of Cu powder with an average particle size of 15 m is mixed with 80% of nano TiO.sub.2 powder with an average particle size of 60 nm to obtain mixed powder.

(51) In step 112, by mass percent, 30% of mixed powder, 68.5% of deionized water and 1.5% of binder (PVA) are mixed and stirred to obtain mixed slurry.

(52) In step 113, the mixed slurry obtained in step 112 is placed in an ultrasonic reactor, and subjected to continuous ultrasonic dispersion for 3 h at a frequency of 45 Hz and a temperature of 50 C. During the ultrasonic dispersion, the dispersant SND 6800 that accounts for 0.5% of total weight of slurry is added in the slurry.

(53) In step 114, the slurry obtained through the ultrasonic dispersion in step 113 is subjected to spray granulation using LGZ-25 centrifugal spray dryer. Selected spray drying parameters are shown in Table 1. The CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder obtained after the spray granulation is in a core-shell structure.

(54) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Air inlet temperature 230 C. Slurry feed rate 60 g/min Air temperature in a cavity 151 C. Flow of atomizing air 12 m.sup.3/h Air outlet temperature 130 C. Pressure of high- 0.4 Mpa Rotation speed of the 13000 r/ pressure air nozzle min

(55) In step 120, a composite coating is formed on the surface of a substrate by means of the plasma spraying. In one or more embodiments, step 120 includes steps 121 to 122.

(56) In step 121, before the plasma spraying, the surface of the substrate is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning using acetone, and then the cleaned surface is subjected to sand blasting.

(57) In step 122, the prepared CuTiO.sub.2 core-shell composite powder is conveyed to a nozzle of a plasma spraying device through a powder feeder, with a powder feed rate of 20 g/min. Ar and H.sub.2 are used as the working gas, and the content of H.sub.2 is 30% of that of Ar. The flow of Ar is controlled at 130 L/min, and the flow of H.sub.2 is controlled at 39 L/min. The voltage is adjusted to be 140V, the current is adjusted to be 450 A, and the spraying distance is 80 mm. The powder is heated to the molten state by virtue of the temperature of the plasma flame and is sprayed to the surface of the substrate at higher speed (the average speed is more than 340 m/s), and the composite coating is formed on the surface of the substrate.

(58) In step 130, the obtained substrate coated by the composite coating is mounted on the seat.

(59) According to a predetermined section size of the sliding plate, the surface of the composite coating is ground and polished to a specified roughness. In the polishing process, the thickness of the composite coating is reduced by about 80-100 m, and the thickness of the composite coating finally obtained is 300-320 m. Then the substrate is mounted on the seat via a conductive adhesive, and a sectional view of the assembled sliding plate is shown in FIG. 1.

Embodiment 2

(60) In step 210, CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder is prepared by ultrasonic dispersion and spray drying. In one or more embodiments, step 210 includes steps 211 to 214.

(61) In step 211, by mass percent, 23% of Cu powder with an average particle size of 15 m is mixed with 77% of nano TiO.sub.2 powder with an average particle size of 60 nm to obtain mixed powder.

(62) In step 212, by mass percent, 33% of mixed powder, 65% of deionized water and 2% of binder (PVA) are mixed and stirred to obtain mixed slurry.

(63) In step 213, the mixed slurry obtained in step 212 is placed in an ultrasonic reactor, and subjected to continuous ultrasonic dispersion for 3 h at a frequency of 45 Hz and a temperature of 50 C. In the ultrasonic dispersion process, the dispersant SND 6800 that accounts for 0.8% of total weight of slurry is added in the slurry;

(64) In step 214, the slurry obtained through the ultrasonic dispersion in step 213 is subjected to spray granulation using LGZ-25 centrifugal spray dryer. The spray granulation is also performed according to the parameters shown in Table 1 of embodiment 1. The CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder obtained after the spray granulation is in the core-shell structure.

(65) In step 220, a composite coating is prepared on the surface of the substrate by means of the plasma spraying. In one or more embodiments, step 220 includes steps 221 to 222.

(66) In step 221, before the plasma spraying, the surface of the substrate is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning using acetone, and then the cleaned surface is subjected to sand blasting.

(67) In step 222, the prepared CuTiO.sub.2 core-shell composite powder is conveyed to a nozzle of a plasma spraying device through a powder feeder, with a powder feed rate of 25 g/min. Ar and H.sub.2 are used as the working gas, and the content of H.sub.2 is 25% of that of Ar. The flow of Ar is controlled at 140 L/min, and the flow of H.sub.2 is controlled at 35 L/min. The voltage is adjusted to be 135V, the current is adjusted to be 440 A, and the spraying distance is 85 mm. The powder is heated to a molten state by virtue of the temperature of the plasma flame and is sprayed to the surface of the substrate at higher speed (the average speed is more than 340 m/s), and the composite coating is formed on the surface of the substrate.

(68) In step 230, the obtained substrate coated with the composite coating is mounted on the seat.

(69) According to a predetermined section size of the sliding plate, the surface of the obtained composite coating is ground and polished to a specified roughness. In the polishing process, the thickness of the obtained composite coating is reduced by about 80-100 m, and the thickness of the ground and polished composite coating is 300-320 m. Then the substrate is mounted on the seat via a conductive adhesive.

Reference Example 1

(70) In step 310, the CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder is prepared. Step 310 may include steps 311 to 313.

(71) In step 311, by mass percent, 20% of Cu powder with an average particle size of 15 m is mixed with 80% of nano TiO.sub.2 powder with an average particle size of 60 nm to obtain mixed powder.

(72) In step 312, by mass percent, 30% of mixed powder, 68.5% of deionized water and 1.5% of binder (PVA) are mixed and stirred to obtain mixed slurry.

(73) In step 313, the slurry obtained in step 312 is subjected to spray granulation using a LGZ-25 centrifugal spray dryer. The spray granulation is also performed according to the parameters shown in Table 1. The CuTiO.sub.2 composite powder obtained through the spray granulation is in a non-core-shell structure.

(74) Step 320 is same as step 120 of embodiment 1.

(75) Step 330 is same as step 130 of embodiment 1.

(76) In the coating obtained in this reference example, there exists more CuO, the content of Ti.sub.4O.sub.7 is insufficient and is only about 40%, while the content of TiO.sub.2 is too high. The composite coating of the present disclosure cannot be obtained through this reference example 1.

Performance Test

(77) The sliding plate obtained in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure and the sliding plate of a pantograph for high-speed railway that is purchased in the market are taken as specimens. The friction property of the coatings of the two specimens are tested using SRV-4 tribometer (produced by OPTIMOL Corporation in Germany) under the same condition. A ball-on-plate reciprocating friction test is adopted, and test is conducted in the atmospheric environment at a room temperature. In the test, a load is 20 N, a frequency is 20 Hz, a reciprocating stroke is 1.5 mm, and time is 60 min. A mating plate is a chromeplated ball with a diameter of 10 mm.

(78) Meanwhile, a conventional method of the art is adopted to measure the resistivity of the sliding plates of the two specimens. The resistivity of the sliding plate obtained in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure is 5 .Math.m, while the resistivity of the sliding plate purchased in the market is 10 .Math.m.

(79) FIG. 3 is a graphic showing curves of relationships between friction coefficients of the coatings and the testing time. Curve 1 shows the relationship between the testing time and the friction coefficient of the coating of the sliding plate prepared in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure. Curve 2 shows the relationship between the testing time and the friction coefficient of the coating of a common sliding plate purchased in a market. As shown in FIG. 3, the friction coefficient of the sliding plate coated with the composite coating and obtained in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure is about 0.2, which is far lower than that of the common sliding plate purchased in the market. Moreover, the curve of the sliding plate of embodiment 1 is stable, which shows better wear resistance.

(80) The worn amounts of the two sliding plates are assessed through the scratch depth and scratch width. In FIG. 4, axis X represents the scratch width, and axis Y represents the scratch depth. As shown in FIG. 4, under the same experimental condition, the wear depth and wear width of the sliding plate which is sprayed with the composite coating are far less than those of the common sliding plate, and the wearing amount of the sliding plate in embodiment 1 is about 50% of that of the common sliding plate.

(81) A part of embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above. However, the present disclosure is not limited to specific details in above embodiments. Various simple variations of the technical solutions of the present disclosure can be made within a scope of a technical conception of the present disclosure, and these simple variations belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

(82) In addition, it should be noted that, all specific technical features described in above specific embodiments could be combined in suitable manner in case of no contradiction. The present disclosure has various possible combination manners. To avoid unnecessary repetition, these possible combination manners will not be further described.

(83) Furthermore, different embodiments of the present disclosure could also be arbitrarily combined, and should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present disclosure as long as the combined embodiment is within the idea of the present disclosure.