LOW GWP REFRIGERANT BLENDS

Abstract

A refrigerant composition consists essentially of: carbon dioxide 10-35%; an HFO selected from the group consisting of: R1234yf, R1234ze(E) and mixtures thereof 45-85%; and R227ea 3-15% wherein the percentages are by mass and are selected from the ranges quoted to total 100%.

Claims

1. A refrigerant composition consisting essentially of: TABLE-US-00043 carbon dioxide 10-35% an HFO selected from the group consisting 45-85%; and of: R1234yf, R1234ze(E) and mixtures thereof R227ea 3-15% wherein the percentages are by mass and are selected from the ranges quoted to total 100%.

2. A refrigerant composition, as claimed in claim 1 consisting essentially of: TABLE-US-00044 carbon dioxide 10-25% an HFO selected from the group consisting 60-83%; and of: R1234yf, R1234ze(E) and mixtures thereof R227ea 4-12% wherein the percentages are by mass and are selected from the ranges quoted to total 100%.

3. A refrigerant composition, as claimed in claim 2 consisting essentially of: TABLE-US-00045 carbon dioxide 22% an HFO selected from the group consisting 69%; and of: R1234ze(E), R1234yf and mixtures thereof R227ea 9% wherein the percentages are by mass.

4. A refrigerant composition, as claimed in claim 2 consisting essentially of: TABLE-US-00046 carbon dioxide 25% an HFO selected from the group consisting 66%; and essentially of R1234ze(E), R1234yf and mixtures thereof R227ea 9% wherein the percentages are by mass.

5. A refrigerant composition, as claimed in claim 1 consisting essentially of: TABLE-US-00047 carbon dioxide 21-30% R1234ze(E) 60-71%; and R227ea 7-10% wherein the percentages are by mass and are selected from the ranges quoted to total 100%.

6. A refrigerant composition, as claimed in claim 1 consisting essentially of: TABLE-US-00048 carbon dioxide 15-25% R1234ze(E) 60-75%; and R227ea 6-12% wherein the percentages are by mass and are selected from the ranges quoted to total 100%.

7. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1, consisting essentially of one of the following compositions: (a) TABLE-US-00049 carbon dioxide 15% R1234ze(E) 75%; and R227ea 10% wherein the percentages are by mass. (b) TABLE-US-00050 carbon dioxide 15% R1234ze(E) 73%; and R227ea 12% wherein the percentages are by mass. (c) TABLE-US-00051 carbon dioxide 20% R1234ze(E) 70%; and R227ea 10% wherein the percentages are by mass. (d) TABLE-US-00052 carbon dioxide 20% R1234ze(E) 68%; and R227ea 12% wherein the percentages are by mass.

8. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1, consisting essentially of TABLE-US-00053 carbon dioxide 20-35% and an HFC selected from the group consisting 65-80% of R1234yf, R1234ze(E), R227ea and mixtures thereof wherein the percentages are by mass and are selected from the ranges quoted to total 100%.

9. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio by weight of R1234yf, R1234ze(E), and mixtures thereof to R227ea is in the range of about 15:1 to about 8:1.

10. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio by weight of R1234yf, R1234ze(E), and mixtures thereof to R227ea is in the range of about 6:1 to about 7:1.

11. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio by weight of R1234yf, R1234ze(E), and mixtures thereof to R227ea is in the range of about 7:1.

12. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1 consisting essentially of: TABLE-US-00054 carbon dioxide 5-40% R1234yf/R1234ze(E) 45-80% R227ea 9.2-15.5% wherein the R1234yf and R1234ze(E) can vary independently from 0 to 80%.

13. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1 consisting essentially of: TABLE-US-00055 carbon dioxide 5-40% R1234yf7R1234ze(E) 45-80% R227ea 6-9.2% wherein the R1234yf and R1234ze(E) can vary independently from 0 to 80%.

14. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1 consisting essentially of one of the following compositions: (a) TABLE-US-00056 carbon dioxide 20% R1234yf 71% R227ea 9% wherein the percentages are by mass. (b) TABLE-US-00057 carbon dioxide 15.5% R1234yf 75.5% R227ea 9% wherein the percentages are by mass. (c) TABLE-US-00058 carbon dioxide 20% R1234ze(E) 71% R227ea 9% wherein the percentages are by mass. (d) TABLE-US-00059 carbon dioxide 22% R1234ze(E) 69% R227ea 9% wherein the percentages are by mass. (e) TABLE-US-00060 carbon dioxide 25% R1234ze(E) 66% R227ea 9% wherein the percentages are by mass.

Description

EXAMPLE 1

[0089] The performances of Blends 1 to 4 whose compositions are shown in Table 1, were modelled for a typical air conditioning system using a Rankine Cycle program with thermodynamic data generated by NIST's REFPROP v10. The performance of R410A is included for comparison.

[0090] The suction specific capacities, discharge pressures and coefficients of performance (energy efficiency) of the novel blends are comparable to the values for R410A so provide viable alternatives, but have much lower GWPs.

TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 1 Blend 1 Blend 2 Blend 3 Blend 4 R410A Component R125 0 0 0 0 0.5 R143a 0 0 0 0 0 R134a 0 0 0 0 0 carbon dioxide 0.22 0.22 0.25 0.25 0 R1234yf 0.69 0 0.66 0 0 R227ea 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0 R1234ze 0 0.69 0 0.66 0 R32 0 0 0 0 0.5 GWP 302 306 302 306 2088 Results Input Cooling duty kW 1 1 1 1 1 Condenser Midpoint C. 45 45 45 45 45 Subcool kJ/kg 5 5 5 5 5 Evaporator Midpoint C. 7 7 7 7 7 Superheat C. 5 5 5 5 5 Compressor Isentropic efficiency 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Electric motor efficiency 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Volumetric efficiency 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Output Condenser Pressure bara 28.24 24.36 30.45 26.47 27.3 Dew point C. 60.64 62.75 60.84 63.01 45.06 Bubble point C. 29.36 27.25 29.16 26.99 44.94 Mid point C. 45 45 45 45 45 Glide K 31.28 35.5 31.67 36.02 0.12 Exit temperature C. 24.36 22.25 24.16 21.99 39.94 Evaporator Pressure bara 9.51 7.62 10.41 8.41 9.93 Entry temperature C. 5.46 7.27 6.25 8.16 6.96 Dew point C. 19.46 21.27 20.25 22.16 7.04 Mid point C. 7 7 7 7 7 Glide K 24.92 28.55 26.51 30.31 0.08 Exit C. 24.46 26.27 25.25 27.16 12.04 temperature Compressor Entry temperature to casing C. 24.46 26.27 25.25 27.16 12 Entry temperature compressor C. 28.98 31.45 29.86 32.42 16.2 Discharge temperature C. 86.65 93.67 88.79 96.05 80 Compression ratio 2.97 3.2 2.92 3.15 2.7 Total power input kW 0.28 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.3 Swept volume m{circumflex over ()}3/h 0.6 0.67 0.56 0.62 0.6 System Suction specific volume kJ/m{circumflex over ()}3 5377 4800 5777 5193 5260 COP cooling 3.58 3.7 3.56 3.67 3.53 Mass flow rate kg/s 0.0062 0.0054 0.0061 0.0053 0.006

EXAMPLE 2

[0091] The performances of Blends 5 to 8 whose compositions are shown in Table 2, were modelled for a typical low temperature refrigeration system using a Rankine Cycle program with thermodynamic data generated by NIST's REFPROP v10. The performance of R404A is included for comparison.

[0092] The suction specific capacities, discharge pressures and coefficients of performance (energy efficiency) of the novel blends are comparable to the values for R404A so provide viable alternatives, but have much lower GWPs.

TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 2 Blend 5 Blend 6 Blend 7 Blend 8 R404A Component R125 0 0 0 0 0.44 R143a 0 0 0 0 0.52 R134a 0 0 0 0 0.04 carbon dioxide 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0 R1234yf 0.65 0.33 0.69 0 0 R227ea 0.14 0.05 0.09 0.09 0 R1234ze 0 0.41 0 0.69 0 R32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GWP 469.65 170.7 302.19 306.33 3943 Results Input Cooling duty kW 1 1 1 1 Condenser Midpoint C. 35 35 35 35 35 Subcool K 5 5 5 5 5 Evaporator Midpoint C. 35 35 35 35 35 Superheat C. 5 5 5 5 5 Compressor Isentropic efficiency 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Electric motor efficiency 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Volumetric efficiency 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Output Condenser Pressure bara 22.2 20.5 22.74 19.36 16.12 Dew point C. 51.9 52 51.72 53.84 35.2 Bubble point C. 18.1 18 18.28 16.16 34.8 Mid point C. 35 35 35 35 35 Glide K 33.8 33.9 33.44 37.67 0.4 Exit temperature C. 13.1 13 13.28 11.16 29.8 Evaporator Pressure bara 1.78 1.52 1.88 1.32 1.65 Entry temperature C. 43.8 44 43.9 45.1 35.2 Dew point C. 26.2 26 26.1 24.9 34.8 Mid point C. 35 35 35 35 35 Glide K 17.6 18 17.8 20.2 0.5 Exit temperature C. 21.2 21 21.1 19.9 29.8 Compressor Entry temperature to casing C. 21.2 21 21.1 19.9 29.8 Entry temperature compressor C. 8.4 7.3 8.12 5.27 20.2 Discharge temperature C. 110.9 118.3 112.29 126.74 77.4 Compression ratio 12.4 13.4 12.13 14.69 9.75 Total power input kW 0.73 0.72 0.73 0.71 0.74 Swept volume m{circumflex over ()}3/h 3.31 3.67 3.17 4 4.15 System Suction specific volume kJ/m{circumflex over ()}3 979 882 1022 810 780 COP cooling 1.38 1.39 1.38 1.42 1.36 Mass flow rate kg/s 0.0068 0.0063 0.0067 0.0058 0.0093