Abstract
Disclosed is a novel assembly and method that enables a user to collimate a focused Cassegrain telescope. The assembly, having a secondary mirror and support baffle, comprising an axle, a bearing, and hub, enables a user to precisely rotate or freely spin a Cassegrain telescope's secondary mirror about its optical axis. Incident to freely spinning the telescope's secondary mirror, the user may peer into the telescope's eyepiece and observe a focused image that may wobble, or remain stable, dependent upon how well the telescope's mirrors are aligned. Further, the assembly's eyepiece, comprising a reticle design, enables the observer to measure the magnitude and direction of image shift incident to the secondary mirror spinning. Lastly, the assembly, comprising a radially marked collimating faceplate, and radially marked collimating knob screws, enables a user to make specific adjustments to the telescope's secondary mirror, compensating for the observed image shift, precisely collimating the telescope.
Claims
1. An assembly, having a secondary mirror and support baffle, enabling the secondary mirror of a Cassegrain telescope to be precisely rotated or freely spun about its optical axis, comprising: a hub, for fastening and supporting a bearing, centered and fastened inside the support baffle; a bearing, enabling the assembly to be precisely rotated or freely spun, centered and fastened inside the hub; an axle, for supporting a collimating faceplate and secondary mirror, centered and fastened inside the bearing; and a collimating faceplate, with insertion points for supporting collimating screws that both fasten and collimate the telescope's secondary mirror.
2. An assembly, having a secondary mirror and support baffle, enabling a user to positionally adjust a Cassegrain's secondary mirror in discreet units of arc minutes about its optical axis, comprising: a plurality of collimating screws, that are radially marked in arc minutes, fastened through the collimating faceplate to the telescope's secondary mirror, which may be correspondingly indexed against the collimating faceplate's insertion points; and a collimating faceplate, which is radially marked in arc minutes about the collimating screw's insertion points, that may be correspondingly cross-indexed against radially marked collimating screws, to positionally adjust the telescope's secondary mirror in discreet units of arc minutes.
3. A method, having a secondary mirror that is freely rotatable about the telescope's optical axis, for collimating a Cassegrain telescope, comprising: viewing an initial scene through the telescope's eyepiece and reticle design; rotating the telescope's secondary mirror 180; viewing the subsequent scene through the telescope's eyepiece and reticle design, concurrently measuring the magnitude and direction of image shift in arc minutes aided by the eyepiece's reticle design; and correcting the secondary mirror's position the required amount offsetting the image shift observed.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings in which like reference numbers indicate the same or similar elements and in which:
[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates an incident light ray path diagram for a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope.
[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates an incident light ray path diagram for a classical Cassegrain telescope.
[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates a well-formed concentric Airy disk viewed through the eyepiece of a well-collimated Cassegrain telescope.
[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a poor distorted Airy disk viewed through the eyepiece of a poorly collimated Cassegrain telescope.
[0017] FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the free-spinning secondary mirror assembly disclosed in this invention for a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope.
[0018] FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's knurled retention ring.
[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's knurled retention ring.
[0020] FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's knurled retention ring.
[0021] FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's rotational lock screw and collimating knob screws.
[0022] FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's collimating faceplate.
[0023] FIG. 11 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's collimating faceplate.
[0024] FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's collimating faceplate.
[0025] FIG. 13 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's axle.
[0026] FIG. 14 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's axle.
[0027] FIG. 15 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's axle.
[0028] FIG. 16 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's hub.
[0029] FIG. 17 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's hub.
[0030] FIG. 18 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's hub.
[0031] FIG. 19 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's radial bearing.
[0032] FIG. 20 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's radial bearing.
[0033] FIG. 21 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's radial bearing.
[0034] FIG. 22 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's flanged retention ring.
[0035] FIG. 23 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's flanged retention ring.
[0036] FIG. 24 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's flanged retention ring.
[0037] FIG. 25 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's mirror base plate and its secondary mirror.
[0038] FIG. 26 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's mirror base plate and its secondary mirror.
[0039] FIG. 27 illustrates a perspective view of the invention's mirror base plate and its secondary mirror.
[0040] FIG. 28 illustrates a perspective assembly diagram of the invention's collimating faceplate and axle.
[0041] FIG. 29 illustrates a perspective view of an assembled collimating faceplate and axle from FIG. 28.
[0042] FIG. 30 illustrates a perspective view of an assembled collimating faceplate and axle from FIG. 28.
[0043] FIG. 31 illustrates a perspective view of an assembled collimating faceplate and axle from FIG. 28.
[0044] FIG. 32 illustrates a perspective assembly diagram of the invention's hub and radial bearing.
[0045] FIG. 33 illustrates a perspective view of an assembled hub and radial bearing from FIG. 32.
[0046] FIG. 34 illustrates a perspective view of an assembled hub and radial bearing from FIG. 32.
[0047] FIG. 35 illustrates a perspective view of an assembled hub and radial bearing from FIG. 32.
[0048] FIG. 36 illustrates a perspective assembly diagram of the invention's collimating faceplate, axle, hub, radial bearing and flanged retention ring.
[0049] FIG. 37 illustrates a perspective view of an assembled collimating faceplate, axle, hub, radial bearing and flanged retention ring from FIG. 36.
[0050] FIG. 38 illustrates a perspective view of an assembled collimating faceplate, axle, hub, radial bearing and flanged retention ring from FIG. 36.
[0051] FIG. 39 illustrates a perspective view of an assembled collimating faceplate, axle, hub, radial bearing and flanged retention ring from FIG. 36.
[0052] FIG. 40 illustrates a perspective assembly diagram of the invention's collimating knob screws, rotational lock screw, collimating faceplate, hub, flanged retention ring, mirror base plate and secondary mirror.
[0053] FIG. 41 illustrates a perspective view of a fully assembled rotational collimating assembly from FIG. 40.
[0054] FIG. 42 illustrates a perspective view of a fully assembled rotational collimating assembly from FIG. 40.
[0055] FIG. 43 illustrates a perspective view of a fully assembled rotational collimating assembly from FIG. 40.
[0056] FIG. 44 illustrates a perspective assembly diagram of the invention's knurled retention ring, rotational collimating assembly, secondary mirror baffle and Schmidt-Cassegrain optical tube assembly.
[0057] FIG. 45 illustrates an assembled retention ring, rotational collimating assembly, secondary mirror baffle and Schmidt-Cassegrain optical tube assembly from FIG. 44.
[0058] FIG. 46 illustrates a perspective assembly diagram of the invention's knurled retention ring, rotational collimating assembly, secondary mirror baffle and classical Cassegrain optical tube assembly.
[0059] FIG. 47 illustrates an assembled retention ring, rotational collimating assembly, secondary mirror baffle and classical Cassegrain optical tube assembly from FIG. 46.
[0060] FIG. 48 illustrates how the radial markings on the invention's collimating knob screws may be indexed against the radial markings on the invention's collimating faceplate allowing the user to make discreet arc minute changes in the secondary mirror's position about the telescope's optical axis.
[0061] FIG. 49 illustrates the reticle design disclosed in this invention for a low-powered magnifying eyepiece.
[0062] FIG. 50 illustrates the reticle design disclosed in this invention for a high-powered magnifying eyepiece.
[0063] FIG. 51 illustrates the initial reticle view of a bank of radio towers on a hillside visualized through a low-powered magnifying eyepiece.
[0064] FIG. 52 illustrates the direction and magnitude of image shift of the bank of radio towers on a hillside visualized through the reticle of a low-powered magnifying eyepiece in a poorly collimated Cassegrain telescope whose secondary mirror has been rotated 180 from FIG. 51's initial view.
[0065] FIG. 53 illustrates the initial reticle view of a bank of radio towers on a hillside through the reticle of a high-powered magnifying eyepiece in a partially collimated Cassegrain telescope.
[0066] FIG. 54 illustrates the direction and magnitude of image shift of the bank of radio towers on a hillside visualized through the reticle of a high-powered magnifying eyepiece in a partially collimated Cassegrain telescope whose secondary mirror has been rotated 180 from FIG. 53's initial view.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0067] Referring now to the drawings which detail the disclosed invention and its various embodiments, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the disclosed rotational collimating assembly 23 and its centered position about the telescope's optical axis. The knurled retention ring 12 securely fastens the entirety of the rotational collimating assembly 23 inside the telescope's secondary baffle 22; its point of compression for fastening the rotational collimating assembly 23 into the secondary baffle 22 is at the perimeter of the hub 17. The collimating knob screws, 13, 13a and 13b, are inserted through the collimating faceplate 15, axle 16 and entirety of the assembly to fasten the secondary mirror's baseplate 20 to a central balance point 27 (shown in FIG. 15) found on the distal end of the axle 16; the secondary mirror 21 is attached to its baseplate 20 by an adhesive strip. Adjustment to the secondary mirror's collimation is accomplished by either tightening or loosening the collimating knob screws, 13, 13a and 13b. A rotational lock screw 14 may be engaged or disengaged at a lock point 28 (shown in FIG. 28) on the assembly's hub 17 allowing the assembly to either freely rotate or be rotationally locked as the user requires. The proximal end of the collimating faceplate 15 provides insertion points and support for the assembly's collimating knob screws, 13, 13a and 13b, and rotational lock screw 14. When the rotational lock screw 14 is disengaged from its lock point 28 on the hub 17, the peripheral edge of the collimating faceplate 15 allows the user to freely rotate the secondary mirror 21 about the telescope's optical axis with their hand. The distal end of the collimating faceplate 15 is a fastening point for the proximal end of axle 16. Securely fastened to the distal end of the collimating faceplate 15, the axle 16 allows the assembly to freely rotate supported by the inner race of the radial bearing 18. Further, the radial bearing 18 is nested inside the hub 17; the outer race of the radial bearing 18 is securely fastened in this nested position by four set screws 29 (shown in FIG. 32) found about the hub's perimeter allowing the inner race of the radial bearing 18 to freely rotate. Lastly, the flanged retention ring 19 threads onto the distal end of the axle 16, with its flange 30 compressing against the inner race of the radial bearing 18 firmly holding all of the components in place. To further illustrate the details of the above discussion and the perspective view of FIG. 5, FIG. 6 through FIG. 27 provide a sequential detailed perspective view of each component, while FIG. 28 through FIG. 47 provide a sequential detailed view of component assembly and interaction.
[0068] Accordingly, FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are perspective views of the threaded retention ring 12. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the rotational lock screw 14; further, FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the collimating knob screws, 13, 13a or 13b, each of which possesses a plurality of grooves 39 that are radially marked at the base of their circumference. FIGS. 10, 11, and 12 are perspective views of the collimating faceplate 15, detailing its collimating screw passages 24 for the collimating knob screws, 13, 13a and 13b, and rotational lock screw passage 25 for the rotational lock screw 14. FIGS. 13, 14 and 15 are perspective views of the collimating assembly's axle 16, detailing its screw passages 26 for the collimating knob screws, 13, 13a and 13b, and balance point 27 for the secondary mirror's base 20. FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 are perspective views of the hub 17, detailing the placement of its rotational lock screw lock points 28, and set screws 29 for centrally fastening the outer race of the assembly's radial bearing 18 (shown in FIG. 32). FIGS. 19, 20 and 21 are perspective views of the assembly's radial bearing 18. FIGS. 22, 23 and 24 are perspective views of the flanged retention ring 19, and its flange 30, that when threaded onto the distal end of the axle 16 compresses against the inner race of the assembly's radial bearing 18. FIGS. 25, 26 and 27 are perspective views of the convex secondary mirror 21, its fastening base 20, its collimating knob screw fastening points 32, and its spherical balance groove 31 that aligns to distal end of the axle's balance point 27.
[0069] FIG. 28 is a perspective view for the assembly of the collimating faceplate 15 to the axle 16. FIGS. 29, 30 and 31 are perspective views of the collimating faceplate 15 assembled to the axle 16. FIG. 32 is a perspective view for the assembly of the hub 17 and its set screws 29 to the radial bearing 18. FIGS. 33, 34 and 35 are perspective views of the radial bearing 18 both nested and assembled inside the hub 17. FIG. 36 is a perspective view for the assembly of the collimating faceplate 15, axle 16, hub 17, radial bearing 18 and flanged retention ring 19. FIGS. 37, 38 and 39 are perspective views detailing the assembly of the collimating faceplate 15, axle 16, hub 17, radial bearing 18, and flanged retention ring 19. FIG. 40 is a perspective view for the full assembly of the rotational collimating assembly 23 comprised of collimating knobs screws, 13, 13a and 13b, a rotational lock screw 14, a collimating faceplate 15, hub 17, radial bearing 18, axle 16, and flanged retention ring 19 and having a secondary mirror 21 and a secondary mirror base plate 20. FIGS. 41, 42 and 43 are perspective views of the completed assembly of the rotational collimating assembly 23.
[0070] FIG. 44 is a perspective view detailing the insertion of the rotational collimating assembly 23 into the internal baffle 22 of a Schmidt-Cassegrain optical tube held securely in place with the knurled retention ring 12. FIG. 45 illustrates the rotational collimating assembly 23 fully integrated into the Schmidt-Cassegrain optical tube. FIG. 46 is a perspective view detailing the insertion of the rotational collimating assembly 23 into the internal baffle 37 of a classical Cassegrain optical tube held securely in place with the knurled retention ring 12. FIG. 46 illustrates the rotational collimating assembly 23 fully integrated into the classical Cassegrain optical tube.
[0071] FIG. 48 illustrates how the radial markings 39 about the base of each collimating knob screw, 13, 13a or 13b, may be indexed against the radial markings 38 on the collimating faceplate 15 allowing the user to adjust the secondary mirror's position by a specific and discreet distance of d.sub.1; the distance d.sub.1 corresponds to a positional shift in the secondary mirror 21 of one arc minute. Integral to the radial markings on both the collimating knob screws and collimating faceplate is a reticle design 33 and 36 that may be visualized by the observer at varying powers through the telescope's eyepieces when collimating the telescope. FIG. 49 is a detailed illustration of the reticule design 33 viewed through a low-powered magnifying eyepiece; FIG. 50 is a detailed illustration of the reticule design 36 viewed through a high-powered magnifying eyepiece. As the low-powered magnifying eyepiece and high-powered magnifying eyepiece allow the viewer to visualize a scene at a differing magnification, the units of measurement on the reticle designs, 33 and 36, have been adjusted to compensate for this change. During collimation of the telescope, the eyepieces and reticle designs allow the observer to both visualize and measure the specific direction and magnitude of image shift, in arc minutes, concurrent to the free rotation of the secondary mirror 21. Once the direction and magnitude of image shift are measured, the reticle design displays a set of guide markings 34, 35 that indicate the specific collimating knob or knobs that require adjustment to collimate the telescope, and if they should be loosened or tightened.
[0072] In one embodiment, should an observer desire to collimate their telescope with the disclosed invention, they may begin the best method by pointing their telescope at a scene of interest and focusing the image to the sharpest view possible. As an example, FIG. 51 illustrates an observer viewing a bank of radio towers on a hillside, visualized through the reticle 33 of a low-powered eyepiece. So that the observer may easily measure the exact direction and magnitude of image shift during the collimation process, they have positioned the tallest radio tower spire into the center of the eyepiece's reticle design 33. At this point, the observer will disengage the rotational lock screw 14, rotate the collimating assembly 23 180, re-engage the rotational lock screw 14, and observe the direction and magnitude of image shift through the telescope's eyepiece aided by the reticle 33. In this example, FIG. 52, the radio tower spire has moved from its centered position to a point that is approximately 14 arc minutes d.sub.2 from center at the 4 o'clock position. From this, the observer now knows that the secondary mirror is 14 arc minutes out of collimation with the primary mirror and the corresponding collimating knob screw that should be adjusted to compensate for this misalignment. The observer can now tighten the requisite collimating knob indicated by the reticle markings 40 the specific increment required, per the radial arc minute markings, 38 and 39, on both the collimating knob screw, 13, 13a or 13b, and collimating faceplate 15, to align the telescope's mirrors. To assess changes made to the telescope's collimation, the observer may repeat the previous sequence of actions until they are unable to discern any shift in the image as visualized through the low-powered eyepiece; the image stays centered in the reticle design 33 as they rotate or spin the mirror about the telescope's visual axis. However, the telescope's collimation may still be improved.
[0073] Exchanging the initial low-powered eyepiece used for a high-powered eyepiece that reaches the telescope's maximum useful magnification (FIG. 53), the observer continues the collimation process. The radio spire now appears much larger in the high-powered eyepiece and very fine adjustments to the telescope's collimation are possible. Again, repeating their previous actions, the user centers the radio spire in the reticle design 36, rotates the secondary mirror 180, and peers back into the telescope's eyepiece (FIG. 54). Aided by the reticle design 36, the observer discerns that the image has shifted by a small amount of 30 arc seconds d.sub.3 towards the 8 o'clock position. To accommodate for the now slight misalignment in the telescope's secondary mirror, the observer adjusts the requisite collimating knob 41, turning it an increment of half an arc minute as marked on the collimating faceplate 15, adjusting the secondary mirror's alignment. Continuing the collimation process with this method, the observer will eventually be unable to discern any directional shift in the telescope's image as they manually rotate or freely spin the secondary mirror. The telescope is now collimated to the most precise tolerances achievable at its highest useful magnification. The observer can now spin the secondary mirror, allowing it to freely rotate on its own for several seconds, and observe an image that has no discernable shift or wobble to it at any useful magnification the telescope may achieve. The act of freely spinning the secondary mirror and concurrently assessing the image for the slightest shift or wobble can be done at any time allowing the observer to quickly assess the accuracy of their telescope's collimation in any setting day or night. On nights of poor seeing conditions where the atmosphere is the source of visual aberrations, this facet of the invention enables the observer to rule out the telescope's collimation as the potential source of any visual aberrations and be confident that the telescope's mirrors are producing the best possible image under the specific atmospheric conditions encountered.
[0074] From this disclosure, it will be recognized by individuals skilled in the art that modifications may be made to various facets of the invention, both in assembly design and method, to achieve the desired outcome of collimating a focused Cassegrain telescope by manually rotating or freely spinning the secondary mirror about the telescope's optical axis, concurrently measuring the image's direction and magnitude of shift through a reticle in the telescope's eyepiece, and correspondingly adjusting the secondary mirror's alignment to the primary mirror. As such, it is understood that the invention is not limited solely to the physical specificities or methods disclosed and that other derivations which capture and embody the spirit of the invention are possible.
