Liquid preparation for the reduction of free oxygen and the preservation of water

Abstract

A preparation including a) at least one N-formal and b) at least one dialkylhydroxylamine. The preparation is preferably formulated as a concentrate. The preparation can be used (in particular in the form of the concentrate) for the reduction of free oxygen and the preservation of water, and also correspondingly additivated water. The mixture of N-formals with dialkylhydroxylamine is not only outstandingly compatible, but considerably improves the activity of dialkylhydroxylamines as oxygen scavengers.

Claims

1. A liquid preparation comprising: at least 30% by weight of at least one N-formal selected from the group consisting of N,N-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), ,,-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, dimethylolurea, 5-ethyl-3,7-dioxa-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, 2-(hydroxymethylamino) ethanol, methylenebistetrahydro-1,3-bisoxazine, N-methylolchloroacetamide, bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, diazolidinylurea, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, 3,4,4-trimethyloxazolidine, 2,2,2-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)triethanol and tetrahydro-1,3,4,6-tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-(1H,3H)dione; diethylhydroxylamine; at least 20% by weight of at least one alkalizing agent; and at most 20% by weight of water, wherein the at least one N-formal and diethylhydroxylamine are present in a weight ratio of the at least one N-formal to diethylhydroxylamine of 20:1 to 3:1.

2. The preparation according to claim 1, further comprising at least one antioxidant selected from the group consisting of sterically hindered phenols, amines, vitamin E and derivatives thereof, alkyl esters of gallic acid, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, lauryl gallate, and vitamin E.

3. The preparation according to claim 2, wherein the at least one antioxidant is the combination of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and BHT.

4. The preparation according to claim 1, further comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of stabilizers, activators, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, complexing agents, fungicides, algicides, antifoams, cold stabilizers, solvents, and boosters.

5. The preparation according to claim 1, wherein the preparation is a concentrate and the at least one N-formal is at least 35% by weight of the preparation.

6. The preparation according to claim 5, wherein the at least one alkalizing agent is at least 30% by weight of the preparation.

7. The preparation according to claim 5, wherein water in the concentrate is at most 12% by weight of the preparation.

8. The preparation according to claim 5, wherein the at least one alkalizing agent is at least 40% by weight of the preparation.

9. The preparation according to claim 5, wherein water in the concentrate is at most 5% by weight of the preparation.

10. The preparation according to claim 1, wherein the preparation is a concentrate and dietheylhydroxylamine is at least 2% by weight of the preparation.

11. The preparation according to claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of the at least one N-formal to diethylhydroxylamine is 9:1.

12. The preparation according to claim 1, wherein the preparation is a concentrate and the at least one N-formal is at least 40% by weight of the preparation.

13. The preparation according to claim 1, wherein the preparation is a concentrate and dietheylhydroxylamine is 5% by weight of the preparation.

14. A method for the reduction of free oxygen in water and preservation of water comprising adding the liquid preparation of claim 1 to water.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the liquid preparation is a concentrate, and the concentrate is added to the water in an amount of 100 to 2000 ppm.

16. A liquid preparation comprising: at least 40% by weight of at least one N-formal selected from the group consisting of N,N-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), ,,-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, dimethylolurea, 5-ethyl-3,7-dioxa-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, 2-(hydroxymethylamino) ethanol, methylenebistetrahydro-1,3-bisoxazine, N-methylolchloroacetamide, bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, diazolidinylurea, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, 3,4,4-trimethyloxazolidine, 2,2,2-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)triethanol and tetrahydro-1,3,4,6-tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-(1H,3H)dione; at least 2% by weight of diethylhydroxylamine; at least 40% by weight of at least one alkalizing agent; and at most 5% by weight of water; wherein the at least one N-formal and diethylhydroxylamine are present in a weight ratio of the at least one N-formal to diethylhydroxylamine of 20:1 to 3:1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(1) a) N-Formal

(2) Preparations according to the invention contain at least one N-formal. The advantages of these microbicidal active ingredients are disclosed, inter alia, in DE 103 40 830 A1 and DE 10 2009 033 161 A1. Particularly suitable N-formals are reaction products of formaldehyde and amines (preferably alkanolamines) having a molar formaldehyde excess. Preference is given to low-water formaldehyde slow-release compounds which react in an alkaline manner in water.

(3) Examples of N-formals are condensation products of paraformaldehyde and isopropanolamine in the molar ratio 3:2, condensation products of paraformaldehyde and isopropanolamine in the molar ratio 3:2 and urea and condensation products of paraformaldehyde and isopropanolamine in the molar ratio 3:2, and also urea and ethylene glycol.

(4) N-Formals which are preferably used according to the invention are N,N-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), ,,-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)-triethanol, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, dimethylolurea, 5-ethyl-3,7-dioxa-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, 2-(hydroxymethylamino) ethanol, methylenebistetrahydro-1,3-bisoxazine, N-methylolchloroacetamide, bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, diazolidinylurea, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, 3,4,4-trimethyloxazolidine, 2,2,2-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)triethanol and tetrahydro-1,3,4,6-tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-(1H,3H)dione.

(5) Particular preference as formaldehyde slow-release compound is given to 3,3-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), 2,2,2-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)-triethanol, ,,-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H, 4H, 6H)triethanol, tetrahydro-1,3,4,6-tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-(1H,3H)-dione, dimethylol urea and also the products Grotan OF (methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine)+urea) and Grotan OK (methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine)+urea+ethylene glycol).

(6) Very particular preference as formaldehyde slow-release compound is given to 3,3-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine).

(7) b) Dialkylhydroxylamine

(8) Preparations according to the invention contain at least one dialkylhydroxylamine of the formula RRNOH, wherein R and R independently of one another are selected from linear, branched and cyclic C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl groups. Examples of R and R are independently of one another methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl and decyl. Particular preference as component b) is given to diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA).

(9) In compositions preferred according to the invention, the weight ratio of component a) to component b) is typically 30:1 to 1:5, preferably 25:1 to 1:1, in particular 20:1 to 3:1, for instance 9:1.

(10) c) Antioxidant

(11) The preparation according to the invention further preferably contains c) at least one antioxidant. Preferred antioxidants are, at room temperature, liquid or sufficiently soluble in the formaldehyde slow-release compound. Examples of antioxidants are selected from sterically hindered phenols, amines, vitamin E and derivatives thereof, and alkyl esters of gallic acid, preferably 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, lauryl gallate and vitamin E.

(12) In particular, preference is given to 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and BHT as antioxidants.

(13) d) Alkalizing Agents

(14) The preparation according to the invention in addition contains preferably d) at least one alkalizing agent which has the effect that, in the ready-to-use dilution (additivated water), a sufficiently alkaline pH is maintained, which is particularly advantageous for the short-time activity of the oxygen scavenger. Examples of alkalizing agents are amines or alkanolamines such as isopropanolamine, propanolamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, aminomethylpropanol and aminobutanol.

(15) The alkalizing agent, as mentioned, increases the activity of the oxygen scavenger and should be able to elevate the pH of the additivated water at the ready-to-use concentration. Suitable alkalizing agents are all substances which are stable in the mixture according to the invention of the components a) and b) and are readily soluble in water.

(16) Alternative alkalizing agents are inorganic compounds such as alkali metal hydroxides or alkali metal salts such as KOH, NaOH, Na carbonate, potassium or sodium waterglass, amines or alkanolamines such as ethanolamine, isopropanolamine, fatty amines, medium-chain amines or alkanolamines such as diisopropanolamine, hydroxylamine and ammonium hydroxide. Preferred alkalizing agents are ethanolamine, isopropanolamine, NaOH, KOH, waterglass, hydroxylamine and ammonium hydroxide.

(17) In addition, preferred preparations further contain e) at least one of stabilizers, activators, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, complexing agents, fungicides, algicides, antifoams, cold stabilizers, solvents and boosters.

(18) Examples of further functional additives, which can be combined with preparations according to the invention, are: stabilizers such as urea, glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol; catalysts, e.g. redox catalysts such as salts of Cu, Co, Mn, Ni and Fe, hydroquinone (in particular at a low usage temperature, the use of a catalyst can be advantageous); solvents such as alcohols, glycols, glycol ethers, hydrocarbons, fuels and known alternative oxygen scavengers such as tartronic acid or tartronic derivatives or salts, sulphite salts, hydrazine, dihydroxyacetone, carbohydrazide, hydroquinone, erythorbate, methyl ethyl ketone oxime and also gallates.

(19) In addition, further antimicrobial active ingredients can also be present. Examples of further antimicrobial active ingredients which can be present in the compositions according to the invention are aldehydes such as GDA, formaldehyde slow-release compounds such as ethylene glycol bishemiformal, THPS, organohalogen compounds such as DBNPA, quats such as benzalkonium chloride, amines such as Lonzabac 12, phenols, iso-thiazolones such as MI, CMI, OIT, DCOIT, BIT, n-Bu-BIT and Bunte salts.

(20) The preparations according to the invention can be combined with further biocidal active ingredients, functional additives and auxiliaries, as are disclosed, eg. in WO2009/060057 A2, DE 10 2006 035013 A1, or DE 103 40 830 A1.

(21) As explained hereinafter, preparations according to the invention are typically formulated as liquid concentrates.

(22) Liquid Concentrate

(23) In the preparations according to the invention which are formulated as a liquid concentrate, the fraction of component a) is preferably at least 30% by weight, more preferably at least 35% by weight, in particular at least 40% by weight, such as at least 45% by weight, for example about 50% by weight. The fraction of component b) is typically at least 0.25% by weight, preferably at least 1% by weight, in particular at least 2% by weight, for instance 5% by weight. Particular preference is given to liquid concentrates which consist of the components a), b) and optionally c) and/or d), that is to say, in addition, contain no further components.

(24) Preferably, the concentrate contains 0.0001 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight, particularly preferably 0.002 to 0.1% by weight, for instance 0.02% by weight, of antioxidant c).

(25) Liquid concentrates contain, when alkalizing agent d) is present, preferably at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight, in particular at least 40% by weight, such as at least 45% by weight of component d), for example about 50% by weight of component d).

(26) The concentrates according to the invention preferably contain at most 30% by weight of water, more preferably at most 20% by weight of water, particularly preferably at most 12% by weight of water, in particular at most 5% by weight of water, such as, for example, less than 1.0% by weight of water.

(27) A particularly preferred liquid concentrate consists of: a) about 45% by weight of 3,3-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), b) about 5% by weight of DEHA and d) about 50% by weight of alkalizing agent.

(28) The liquid concentrate is prepared by charging component a) (for example 3,3-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine)) and then dissolving component b), for example DEHA, with stirring.

(29) Liquid concentrates according to the invention are used prophylactically in concentrations of 100 to 2000 mg/l (ppm), preferably 200 to 1000 ppm, based on the total amount of active ingredient a) and b) and also optionally c) and d), without solvent or diluent.

(30) The invention further relates to the use of the preparation according to the invention for the reduction of free oxygen in water with simultaneous preservation of the water. The water can be a fluid for stabilizing boreholes and pipelines in the extraction of gas and oil up until uptake of regular extraction (what is termed completion fluid), fluid used for the same purpose during interruption to operations (what is termed workover fluid) and also a water-based hydraulic fluid for power transmission.

(31) Other applications of the preparations according to the invention (in particular concentrates) are the reduction of free oxygen and preservation of process water, aqueous systems, industrial water, seawater, salt water, drilling fluids, hot water, injection water, wastewaters (such as industrial wastewaters, wastewaters from agriculture, from the extraction of crude oil or natural gas), transport and storage fluids (for example minerals, coal, fuels), heating water, aqueous and/or alkaline cleaning solutions, recycling water, water and condensate water which are deaerated and optionally charged with inert gas.

(32) The components a), b) and optionally c) and/or d)and also, when present, e)are used according to the invention in the water in an amount which effectively reduces free oxygen and preserves the water.

(33) The combination of the components a), b) and optionally c) is used in water preferably by adding a fluid concentrate. Alternatively, it is possible to add the components a), b) and optionally c) singly, but this alternative is not preferred.

(34) In addition, the invention relates to an additivated water which comprises the components a) and b) (and also optionally c) and/or d)and, when present e)).

(35) The liquid preparations according to the invention (in particular liquid concentrates) offer the following advantages in this case: multifunctional activity with synergistic increase in activity, provision of a stable liquid concentrate, replacement of a 2-stage or multistage method by a single-stage method, combination of biocidal activity, oxygen scavenger activity, corrosion protection, stabilizer function and alkalizing agent, improvement of the oxygen scavenger activity of DEHA by addition of N-formal, very good compatibility of the components, cold-stable, liquid, low-water, water-miscible, good thermal stability, good stability as concentrate and in the ready-to-use dilution, and good stability at relatively high process temperature, high salt content and relatively high pressure.

(36) The advantages of the invention appear, in particular, from the examples hereinafter. Unless stated otherwise, all percentages relate to the weight.

Examples

(37) Composition of selected N-formals that are used in the examples.

(38) N-Formal BK:

(39) Reaction product of ethanolamine and formaldehyde (91%) in the molar ratio 3:3. This forms N,N,N-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydrotriazine. Reaction water and water from the formaldehyde remain in the product.

(40) N-Formal WS:

(41) Reaction product of isopropanolamine and formaldehyde (91%) in the molar ratio 3:3. This forms N,N,N-tris-(2-hydroxypropyl)hexahydrotriazine. Reaction water and water from the formaldehyde remain in the product.

(42) N-Formal OX:

(43) Reaction product of isopropanolamine and formaldehyde (91%) in the molar ratio 2:3. This forms 3,3-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine). The reaction water and water from the formaldehyde are distilled off.

(44) N-Formal OF:

(45) Reaction product of isopropanolamine and formaldehyde (91%) in the molar ratio 2:3. This forms 3,3-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine). The reaction water and water from the formaldehyde are distilled off. Addition of urea for reduction of the free formaldehyde (mixture contains about 4% urea).

(46) N-Formal OK:

(47) Reaction product of isopropanolamine and formaldehyde (91%) in the molar ratio 2:3. This forms 3,3-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine). The reaction water and water from the formaldehyde are distilled off. Addition of urea and ethylene glycol for reduction of the free formaldehyde and for reducing the amine odour (mixture contains about 4.6% urea and about 9.5% ethylene glycol).

(48) GDA:

(49) Glutardialdehyde (obtainable as up to 50% strength solution in water) is currently one of the most used biocides in these applications.

(50) Formal TK 5:

(51) Contains as biocide a reaction product of ethylene glycol and paraformaldehyde (91%) in the molar ratio 1:2. As a stabilizing component, urea is further present. The reaction water and the water from the paraformaldehyde remain in the product.

(52) In the examples hereinafter, the oxygen reduction in water was studied.

(53) Apparatus Name:

(54) Multi 3320 Set B with the optical oxygen sensor FDO 925 from WTW.

(55) Procedure:

(56) For experiments 1 to 4, in each case fresh mains water (Norderstedt municipal water) is taken off from the tap in an amount such that the water quality is identical for each experiment of a series of experiments. After addition of the described substances, the mixture is stirred until the solution became clear. In each case 100 ml are made up.

(57) Into this solution the oxygen sensor is immersed and stirred until the indicated oxygen content remains constant (approximately 1-2 minutes). After the measurement the sample is allowed to stand and the measurement repeated after 3 hours.

(58) TABLE-US-00001 Experiment 1 (temperature approximately 26 C.): Oxygen, Oxygen, mg/l mg/l No. Sample (immediately) (after 3 h) A Mains water 6.42 7.16 B Mains water + 50 ppm DEHA 1.48 0.81 C Mains water + 500 ppm mixture of 0.13 0.21 N-formal OX/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal OX) D Mains water + 500 ppm N-formal OX 7.45 7.75 E 3% sodium chloride in mains water 7.10 7.55 (LW) F 3% NaCl in LW + 50 ppm DEHA 6.80 4.88 G 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm mixture 0.42 0.27 of N-formal OX/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal OX) H 3% strength NaCl in LW + 500 ppm 8.12 8.21 N-formal OX I 3% strength sodium chloride 7.32 7.52 solution + 81 ppm butanoxime J 3% strength sodium chloride 7.37 7.59 solution + 500 ppm mixture of N-formal OX/butanoxime (16.2% butanoxime in N-formal OX)

(59) As the table on experiment 1 shows, mains water contains 6.4 mg/l of oxygen. After the sample is allowed to stand for 3 h at room temperature, some oxygen dissolves again and a content of 7.2 mg/l of O.sub.2 is indicated (A).

(60) After addition of 50 ppm of diethylhydroxylamine, the oxygen content is reduced to 1.5 mg/l (after standing for 3 h, 0.8 mg/1). The mixture under C contains 50 ppm of diethylhydroxylamine and 450 ppm of N-formal OX. The oxygen reduction proceeded more rapidly and the remaining oxygen is less than according to experiment B. The comparison with experiment D with 500 ppm N-formal OX in mains water shows that the formal alone has no effect on the oxygen content.

(61) The results of experiments E to H show the same experiments in mains water which contains 3% sodium chloride in order to show that the mixture of N-formal with 10% diethylhydroxylamine also functions with seawater. The experiments E to H even show a still greater effect of the mixture on the oxygen reduction than under A to D.

(62) The experiment under I and J shows that butanoxime does not function. The oxygen scavenger butanoxime was tested because a stable mixture with N-formal OX can also be formulated thereby. It results therefrom that not all known oxygen scavengers demonstrate the surprising effect on combination with N-formal as is achieved according to the present invention.

(63) TABLE-US-00002 Experiment 2 (temperature approximately 26 C.): Oxygen, Oxygen, mg/l mg/l No. Sample (immediately) (after 3 h) 1 Mains water (LW) 6.55 7.20 2 LW + 50 ppm DEHA 1.51 1.64 3 LW + 500 ppm N-formal WS 7.08 7.31 4 LW + 500 ppm N-formal OX 6.88 7.19 5 LW + 500 ppm GDA (50%) 6.95 7.23 6 LW + 500 ppm formal TK 5 7.09 7.25 7 LW + 500 ppm mixture of N-formal 0.21 0.46 WS/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal WS) 8 LW + 500 ppm mixture of N-formal 0.45 1.11 OX/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal OX) 9 LW + 500 ppm mixture of GDA (50%)/ 2.22 1.44 DEHA (10% DEHA In GDA (50%)) 10 LW + 500 ppm mixture of formal TK 5/ 3.05 1.04 DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal TK 5) 11 3% sodium chloride in mains water 7.95 8.01 (LW) 12 3% NaCl in LW + 50 ppm DEHA 7.70 4.16 13 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm N-formal 8.08 8.18 WS 14 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm N-formal 8.20 8.25 OX 15 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm GDA (50%) 8.19 8.14 16 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm formal TK 5 8.46 8.39 17 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm mixture of 3.82 5.53 N-formal WS/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal WS) 18 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm mixture of 0.55 0.54 N-formal OX/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal OX) 19 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm mixture 8.12 4.56 of GDA (50%)/DEHA (10% DEHA in GDA (50%)) 20 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm mixture of 8.06 4.94 N-formal TK 5/DEHA (10% DEHA in formal TK 5)

(64) The table for experiment 2 shows the activity of the oxygen reduction of the mixtures of various formaldehyde slow-release compounds with diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA). Experiments 1-10 are carried out in mains water, and experiments 11-20 in mains water that contains 3% sodium chloride. The activity of DEHA showed the best results in combination with N-formal OX and N-formal WS.

(65) TABLE-US-00003 Experiment 3 (temperature approximately 26 C.: Oxygen Oxygen mg/l mg/l No. Sample (immediately) (after 3 h) pH 1 3% sodium chloride in mains 7.79 8.07 10.03 water (LW) + 300 ppm isopropanolamine 2 3% NaCl in LW + 300 ppm 0.30 1.13 10.04 isopropanolamine + 50 ppm DEHA 3 3% NaCl in LW + 300 ppm 0.43 1.31 10.16 isopropanolamine + 500 ppm mixture of N-formal WS/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal WS) 4 3% NaCl in LW + 300 ppm 0.24 0.9 10.07 isopropanolamine + 500 ppm mixture of N-formal OX/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal OX) 5 3% NaCl in LW + 300 ppm 0.41 1.62 9.72 isopropanolamine + 500 ppm mixture of GDA (50%)/DEHA (10% DEHA in GDA (50%)) 6 3% NaCl in LW + 300 ppm 0.72 1.8 9.8 isopropanolamine + 500 ppm mixture of formal TK 5/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal TK 5)

(66) Experiment 3 shows the oxygen reduction with addition of an alkalizing agent (isopropanolamine). Here also, the activity of the mixture of N-formal OX is somewhat better than diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA) alone or with other formals or glutaraldehyde (GDA). As can also be seen in experiment 5, the combination of glutaraldehyde with DEHA cannot be formulated in a stable manner as concentrate with isopropanolamine.

(67) Procedure:

(68) Fresh municipal water (allowed to run for a short time) from one takeoff. The presolutions with 3% sodium chloride in mains water and 3% sodium chloride with 300 ppm of isopropanolamine in mains water are cooled down to approximately 4 C. using an icebath.

(69) TABLE-US-00004 Experiment 4 (temperature approximately 4 C.): approx. 13 C. Oxygen mg/l Oxygen mg/l No. Sample (immediately) (after 3 h) pH 1 3% sodium chloride in mains water 4.33 7.4 8.25 (LW) 2 3% NaCl in LW + 50 ppm DEHA 5.85 5.32 8.24 3 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm mixture 5.03 0.89 9.16 of N-formal WS/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal WS) 4 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm mixture 3.45 0.29 9.3 of N-formal OX/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal OX) 5 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm mixture 5.95 4.88 7.77 of GDA (50%)/DEHA (10% DEHA in GDA (50%)) 6 3% NaCl in LW + 500 ppm mixture 5.69 5.63 7.98 of formal TK 5/DEHA (10% DEHA in formal TK 5) 7 3% sodium chloride in mains water 6.79 6.88 9.25 (LW) + 300 ppm isopropanolamine 8 3% NaCl in LW + 300 ppm 4.04 0.8 9.42 isopropanolamine + 50 ppm DEHA 9 3% NaCl in LW + 300 ppm 4.32 0.67 9.61 isopropanolamine + 500 ppm mixture of N-formal WS/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal WS) 10 3% NaCl in LW + 300 ppm 4.9 0.66 9.52 isopropanolamine + 500 ppm mixture of N-formal OX/DEHA (10% DEHA in N-formal OX) 11 3% NaCl in LW + 300 ppm 3.71 0.47 9.22 isopropanolamine + 500 ppm mixture of GDA (50%)/DEHA (10% DEHA in GDA (50%)) 12 3% NaCl in LW + 300 ppm 5.05 2.49 9.22 isopropanolamine + 500 ppm mixture of formal TK 5/DEHA (10% DEHA informal TK 5)

(70) In experiment 4 also, which was carried out at +4 C., in order to simulate real experimental conditions in the extraction of oil in relatively cold waters, the good results with mixtures of N-formals with diethylhydroxylamine are confirmed.

(71) TABLE-US-00005 Experiment 5, Stability of concentrates A B C D E F Raw material w % w % w % w % w % w % N-Formal OX 90.0 60.1 N-Formal WS 90.0 60.1 Glutaraldehyde 50% 90.0 60.1 Diethylhydroxylamine 10.0 6.7 10.0 6.7 10.0 6.7 Monoisopropanolamine 33.2 33.2 33.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Zero point Appearance clear, clear, clear, light clear, light stir after one the colourless colourless yellow yellow night, clear yellow addition solution of MIPA pH (0.05% in LW) 9.6 9.7 9.5 9.7 9.5 leads to a Colour index H/G 20/0.0 14/0.0 47/0.4 33/0.1 102/0.4 reaction, Density (g/ml) 1.0400 1.0188 1.0660 1.0324 1.1045 mixture Refraction 20 C. 1.4697 1.4655 1.4683 1.4631 1.4246 becomes a Diethylhydroxylamine 10.3 6.78 10.4 5.36 9.87 dark % broth; Eliminatable HCHO % 40.9 26.4 24.3 16.0 discarded! Glutaraldehyde % 44.3 A B C D E 2 months' storage at 25 C. Appearance clear, clear, yellow clear, clear, clear, light yellow (viscous) deep yellow yellowish-brown deep yellow Colour index H/G 108/0.3 193/1.2 376/2.5 739/4.3 848/4.4 DEHA % 9.84 6.08 9.97 4.99 9.99 HCHO % 40.5 26.5 23.8 14.9 GDA % 25.6 2 months' storage at 40 C. Appearance clear, clear, yellow clear, orange- clear, orange- dark red yellow (viscous) brown brown solution Colour index H/G 162/0.8 611/3.9 835/4.7 ***/5.9 ***/10.8 Density (g/ml) 1.0431 1.0552 1.0683 1.0335 1.1157 Refraction 20 C. 1.4715 1.4866 1.4695 1.4636 1.4358 DEHA % 9.86 6.07 9.91 5.08 9.07 HCHO % 39.9 25.8 22.8 15.3 GDA % 15.4

(72) Experiment 5 shows the good stability of N-formals towards glutaraldehyde (both without and also with isopropanolamine). The concentrate of GDA and DEHA is not stable after addition of isopropanolamine. Without isopropanolamine, even after 2 months' storage at 25 C., almost half of the glutaraldehyde used, and at 40 C., of the glutaraldehyde used, are no longer present.