Rough-in box for creating penetrations in poured concrete flooring and method of use

Abstract

A rough-in box used during the construction of buildings having poured concrete flooring, such as multi-story high-rise buildings. The rough-in box may be used to retain an opening in the floor through which plumbing and mechanical components may be installed after concrete has been poured around the device and hardens into a slab. The present invention also relates to a method comprising the steps of assembling the side walls of a box, placing a lid made of a material stronger than that of the side walls and capable of supporting a weight of 2,000 pounds, placing the box over a hole on the floor, and pouring concrete to form a floor around the box. The box will remain in place providing an accessible penetration through the flooring with space for plumbing connections and a flush surface with the floor over which pallet jacks and workers may travel without obstruction.

Claims

1. A rough-in-box kit for creating a rough-in box to create penetrations in poured concrete flooring during construction of buildings, comprising: a front side wall having: a left end; a right end; and a top end: a left side wall having: a front end configured to directly connect with the left end of the front side wall to form a front-left corner of the box; a rear end; and a top end; a rear side wall having: a left end configured to directly connect with the rear end of the left side wall to form a rear-left corner of the box; and a right end; and a top end; and a right side wall having: a front end configured to directly connect with the right end of the front side wall to form a front-right corner of the box; a rear end configured to connect with the right end of the rear side wall to form a rear-right corner of the box; and a top end; wherein each of the side walls comprises: a first mating end portion; and a second mating end portion configured to engage with the first mating end portion of one of the other side walls so as to connect the two sidewalls to each other and form one of the corners of the box; wherein at least one of the side walls is of an adjustable length, wherein at least one of the side walls includes a first component and a second component, wherein h first component is pre-positioned within the second component, wherein the first component is configured to slidably engage with the second component.

2. The rough-in-box kit of claim 1; wherein the first mating end portion of each of the side walls is a female end portion; and wherein the second mating end portion of each of the side walls is a male end portion configured to be arranged within the female end portion of one of the other side walls so to connect the two sidewalls to each other.

3. A rough-in-box kit for creating a rough-in box to create penetrations in poured concrete flooring during construction of buildings, comprising: a front side wall having: a left end; a right end; and a top end: a left side wall having: a front end configured to directly connect with the left end of the front side wall to form a front-left corner of the box; a rear end; and a top end; a rear side wall having: a left end configured to directly connect with the rear end of the left side wall to form a rear-left corner of the box; and a right end; and a top end; and a right side wall having: a front end configured to directly connect with the right end of the front side wall to form a front-right corner of the box; a rear end configured to directly connect with the right end of the rear side wall to form a rear-right corner of the box; and a top end; wherein the side walls each comprise a fireproof material; and wherein at least one of the side walls is of an adjustable length. wherein at least one of the side walls includes a first component and a second component, wherein the first component is pre-positioned within the second component, wherein the first component is configured to slidably engage with the second component.

4. The rough-in-box kit of claim 3; wherein each of the side walls is made of an aluminum alloy.

5. The rough-in-box kit of claim 3; wherein each of the side walls comprises a groove configured to accept insertion of an expandable fireproofing material.

6. The rough-in-box kit of claim 3; wherein the side walls are connected to one another by a permanent geometrical interference fit.

7. The rough-in-box kit of claim 1; wherein the top end of each of the side walls comprises: a flange; and a rim that extends from an outside end of the flange when the side walls are connected to each other to form the box; and wherein the flanges of the side walls are configured to hold a lid so that a top surface of the lid is flush with a top surface of the rims when the side walls are connected to each other to form the box.

8. The rough-in-box kit of claim 1, further comprising: a bottom wall; wherein the bottom wall forms a single and continuous integrated piece with at least two of the side walls.

9. The rough-in-box kit of claim 3, further comprising: a sensing system configured to detect when a lid is lifted off of at least one of the side walls.

10. The rough-in-box kit of claim 1, further comprising: a safety rail system configured to connect with the box when the side walls are connected to each other to form the box.

11. The rough-in-box kit of claim 1, further comprising: a lid on top of the side walls, wherein the lid further comprises: a first part; a second part configured to connect with the first part at a plurality of positions so as to adjust a length direction or a width direction of the lid.

12. The rough-in-box kit of claim 3; wherein at least one side wall of the front, left, rear, and right side walls comprises: a first piece having a first end and a second end; and a second piece having a first end and a second end; wherein the first end of the first piece is configured to connect with one of the ends of one of the other side walls; wherein the second end of the first piece is configured to engage with the first end of the second piece so as to create the at least one side wall; and wherein the second end of the second piece is configured to connect with one of the ends of another one of the other the side walls.

13. The rough-in-box kit of claim 12; wherein the first piece comprises a female component; and the second piece comprises a male component configured to be arranged within the female component so to connect the first and second piece to each other to form the at least one side wall.

14. The rough-in-box kit of claim 3; wherein each of the side walls comprises: a first mating end portion; and a second mating end portion configured to engage with the first mating end portion of one of the other side walls so as to connect the two sidewalls to each other and form one of the corners of the box.

15. The rough-in-box kit of claim 14; wherein the first mating end portion of each of the side walls is a female end portion; and wherein the second mating end portion of each of the side walls is a male end portion configured to be arranged within the female end portion of one of the other side walls so to connect the two sidewalls to each other.

16. A method of constructing a concrete floor containing penetrations, comprising: providing the rough-in-box kit according to claim 1; connecting the side walls of the rough-in-box kit to form the box; pouring concrete to form a floor around the box; performing work on the floor after pouring the concrete; and installing fittings and tubing within the box while the box is in situ in the concrete.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a bottom and two foldable sides of a first plumbing box lying flat.

(2) FIG. 2 shows the bottom and two foldable sides folded upward to a position perpendicular to the bottom of the first plumbing box.

(3) FIG. 3 shows the first plumbing box of FIG. 2 with a side attached.

(4) FIG. 4 shows the first plumbing box of FIG. 3 with a top attached.

(5) FIG. 5 shows a second plumbing box with foldable sides lying flat with bottom; the bottom and side having cut-out holes.

(6) FIG. 6 shows the second plumbing box of FIG. 5 with the sides folded upward to a position perpendicular to the bottom.

(7) FIG. 7 shows the second plumbing box of FIG. 6 with two sides attached.

(8) FIG. 8 shows the second plumbing box of FIG. 7 with a removable top attached.

(9) FIG. 9 shows the first and second plumbing boxes of FIGS. 4 and 8 positioned so that the open side of the first box aligns with the cut-out opening of the second box.

(10) FIG. 10 shows the two boxes connected.

(11) FIG. 11 shows the boxes of FIG. 10 with adjustable feet installed on the first plumbing box section.

(12) FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of the invention with a component that attaches to the bottom surface of one section of the box.

(13) FIG. 13 shows the box with adjustable feet and the components of FIG. 12 to create the full penetrative height of the hole through the slab, and to also allow the passing of a pipe into the body of the box.

(14) FIG. 14 shows one side of a female member used in assembly of a rough-in box.

(15) FIG. 15 shows the other side of a female member of FIG. 14.

(16) FIG. 16 shows one side of a male member used in assembly of a rough-in box.

(17) FIG. 17 shows the other side of a male member of FIG. 16.

(18) FIG. 18 shows a joint in the top section of the male member

(19) FIG. 19 show a joint in the top section of the female member.

(20) FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of the male and female member joint interaction of an assembled rough-in box.

(21) FIG. 21 shows another perspective view of the assembled rough-in box.

(22) FIG. 22 shows a plan section view of the assembled rough-in box.

(23) FIG. 23 shows an enlarged view of one corner of the view shown in FIG. 22 showing the mechanism by which the male and female members interlock.

(24) FIG. 24 shows the partial withdrawal of the male member from within the female member to provide a side wall unit of an adjustable length.

(25) FIG. 25 shows the male member fully inserted into the female member.

(26) FIG. 26 shows a perspective view of an assembled rough-in box wherein each male member is fully inserted into each female member thereby giving a rough-in box with a minimum length and width.

(27) FIG. 27 shows a perspective view of an assembled rough-in box wherein each male member is withdrawn from each female member thereby giving a rough-in box with an adjusted length and width.

(28) FIG. 28 shows a perspective view of an assembled rough-in box with a lid attached to the top of the rough-in box.

(29) FIG. 29 shows a deployed safety rail for the rough-in box.

(30) FIG. 30 shows a lid of an adjustable size.

(31) FIG. 31 shows components capable of being flat packed such that they fit together when stacked on top of one another.

(32) FIG. 32 shows a rubber seal that can be added to the lid of the rough-in box for water resistance.

(33) FIG. 33 shows a slip resistant surface that can be applied to the top surface of the lid.

(34) FIG. 34 shows a hydraulic hinges for the lid of the rough-in box.

(35) FIG. 35 shows a handle for opening the lid of the rough-in box.

(36) FIG. 36 shows different locks for opening the lid of the rough-in box.

(37) FIG. 37 shows a slot in the side walls of the rough-in box for receiving an expandable foam fireproofing.

(38) FIG. 38 shows a rounded embodiment of the rough-in box.

(39) FIG. 39 shows an alternative embodiment for adjusting the length and width of the assembled rough-in box.

(40) FIG. 40 shows another view of the alternative embodiment for adjusting the length and width of the assembled rough-in box.

(41) FIG. 41 shows a lid that is capable of expanding by the turning of a screw

(42) FIG. 42 shows another view of the lid shown in FIG. 41.

(43) FIG. 43 shows a joint system for a modular construction of a plumber's box.

(44) FIG. 44 shows an assembled plumber's box with a bottom attached to the side walls.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(45) The present invention is directed to a plumbing and mechanical rough-in box for creating penetrations in concrete flooring and a method of use.

(46) In a first embodiment of the present invention, two boxes in the shape of rectangular prisms are constructed. The side walls of the boxes may be formed of any strong, tough material such as, for example, metal alloys, fiberglass, and heavy duty plastics such as polyethylene, polyvinyl, and polypropylene. In one embodiment, for example, the side walls can be made from an aluminum 5000 series alloy having a thickness of 0.050 inches. In another embodiment, the side walls can be made from high strength/low ductility plastic.

(47) A first box is assembled from a panel consisting of the bottom (2) and long sides (1, 3) of the box shown in FIG. 1. Channels in the panel having a bevel of 45 degrees from the panel surface allow the sides (1, 3) to be folded upwards to create 90 degree angles with the bottom as shown in FIG. 2. A short side (4) is connected to one end of the box by locking slot and tab connectors shown in FIG. 3. A top side (5) is connected to the box by slot and tab means shown in FIG. 4.

(48) A second box, is assembled in the same fashion as the first boxwith a bottom (7), long sides (6, 8), and a short side (9)except the bottom (7) and side panel (8) of the second box will have a circular opening in the bottom side (7) and rectangular opening on one of the long sides (8) as shown in FIGS. 5, 6, 7, and 8. The openings will each be centered the same distance from a short side of the box. The openings will be equidistant from the sort sides to create a T-shaped structure or proximate to one short side to make an L-shaped structure. The open end of the first box is aligned with opening in the side (8) of the second box as shown in FIG. 9. The boxes connect using slot and tab means shown in FIG. 10. Two metal feet or adjustable-height legs (11) having a height are placed on the bottom side of the first box as shown in FIG. 11.

(49) The boxes are connected by first having the metal feet (11) attached to the outer surface of the bottom of the first box, close to the closed end of the box. The open end of the first box is then aligned with the rectangular opening in the long side of the second box as shown in FIG. 9. The boxes will be fastened together by means of locking slot and tab connectors. The boxes for use with penetrations for mechanical systems can be assembled by connecting for a series of flat side similar to those used in the plumbing boxes, to make a square or rectangular shape that will have a lid attached to the upper surface of the walls.

(50) This first embodiment of the present invention solves many of the labor inefficiencies and costs incurred when creating penetrations for plumbing boxes in concrete slabs. When the new boxes arrive on site they are assembled prior to installation in the slab. They are delivered to the floor to be poured, and from there they are installed in a prearranged spot on the deck. To fasten the boxes in place, they are simply nailed to the wooden deck and are then ready for the pouring process. No greasing is needed as they are a permanent fixture in the floor. When the pouring is taking place the workers can work faster because they do not have to worry about accidentally filling the boxes, and the smoothing tools can run over the lid of the box without concern of damaging the box or the hole. Also, the additional damage caused from workers walking on the concrete to pry out the boxes is avoided, thereby eliminating the need to perform additional surface finishing work As the boxes are permanent fixtures, there is no additional time wasted in cleaning the boxes of excess concrete that may have overflowed into the box during the pouring of the concrete.

(51) When the floor has hardened, the erecting process can begin. Like in conventional processes, when the legs are being erected to support the next floor they have to be placed so as to avoid the boxes, but the workers can easily identify the edges of the box and be assured that the leg is placed securely on concrete in a position that is as close as possible to the ideal placement orientation. During this stage, avoiding the use of plywood hole covers becomes a great benefit. Their absence from the floor (enabled by the structural lid component of the box) means that tripping hazards are eliminated, thereby eliminating job stoppages due to health and safety requirements. Their omission also increases the speed at which workers can operate as they can move carts and dollies freely about the floor to move materials without having to navigate around the hole covers sitting above the level of the concrete surface. When the floor is stripped (legs and deck removed), workers can perform tasks much more quickly and efficiently because they can use carts and dollies to move materials and forms, as opposed to moving everything by hand, as is often done in conventional processes. After the floor is stripped, tradesmen can begin working on the floor immediately because the holes will not need to be recovered.

(52) According to in conventional processes, the covers must be inspected once per day for each floor. The present invention would drastically reduce this requirement, if not eliminate it completely, as the structural capabilities of the lid would mean that the boxes would be able to withstand the loads and forces present on the site without failure. The reduction in inspection frequency would save on labor costs for the duration of the construction phase.

(53) When the general contractor takes control of the floor, they do not need to add the additional covers for the holes. The plumber and mechanical services can immediately take responsibility for the boxes and run the pipework or shafts needed. Once complete, the plumber or other tradesman can lock the lid in place sealing the pipework or other components in position. Due to the stopping ability of the box, derived from its construction material, plugs and seals, the slab maintains its stopping ability. Therefore the holes do not need to be filled with concrete. This avoids any potential damage to the nearly finished unit caused by workers filling the hole with concrete and also reduces labor costs significantly.

(54) The proposed method greatly improves existing methods by the fact that it increases productivity and reduces labor costs, while also reducing the potential trip or fall hazards present with existing methods, which in turn reduces job stoppages from falls and injuries.

(55) In one embodiment, the walls are made of an aluminum 5000 series alloy having a thickness of 0.050 inches to keep the box as light as possible. The lid is from 18 to 40 fiber glass layer strands of fiber depending on the engineering requirements for the maximum weight required on said floor. This will insure 100% storage on the floor slab while being strong enough to hold any required weight for full axes to the complete floor.

(56) In one embodiment of the invention, an attachment with concentric rings may be attached to the bottom of one of the box sections to provide full penetration of the slab. The rings may be internally and externally threaded to allow the rings to be threaded into each other to create variable height dimensions. Depending on the height of penetration needed the rings can be threaded into each other to correspond to the required dimension. The threaded design also gives the box vertical support in that the weight of the box could be supported without the need of additional bracing/legs.

(57) In another embodiment, plugs or seals are incorporated into the two plates of the component that would fit tightly to the pipe to increase the water resisting abilities of the box. An intumescent based seal or plug can further increase the water resistance of the box.

(58) FIG. 12 shows a component having a series of concentric rings (14, 15, 16 and 17) that are internally and externally threaded. These rings are housed between two plates (13, 18). The component is attached to the bottom of the box surface by way of a fastening mechanism (12) on the top plate of the component (13) that connects with a receiver hole/latch in the base of the straight box. The component is fastened to the deck with nails via holes in the base plate (18).

(59) As the penetrative height may be made adjustable via the concentric ring structure, so too may the leg supports that are supporting the box. Another embodiment of the invention incorporates adjustable legs as can be seen in FIG. 13. The design consists of two legs, 19 and 20, in an X formation that move in a scissor action around a central pivot point/pin, 21, that can lock in place at a desired height. The legs are adjusted by releasing the locking pin, which allows the legs to be manipulated to correspond to the desired height, when the height is achieved the locking pin is then re-inserted through the travel slot in one leg through to the locking hole in the other leg, to lock the leg height in place.

(60) In another embodiment of the present invention, the components depicted in FIGS. 14-42 may be used. As in the first embodiment, these components may be assembled on site.

(61) FIG. 31 shows that these components are capable of being flat packed such that they fit together when stacked on top of one another. This saves space when transporting and storing the components. Thus, the components can be delivered with fewer trucks, and take up less storage space at the jobsite.

(62) In this second embodiment of the present invention, the components will be supplied with a male component (25) pre-positioned within a female component (22) for forming each side wall of the rough-in box (28). The male members (25) may be fully within the perimeter of the female members (22), and then the lengths of the side walls can be adjusted to the appropriate length by withdrawing the male member (25) from the female member (22). Once the appropriate side wall length is obtained, the male and female members (22, 25) are secured to each other to form one side wall of the rough-in box (28).

(63) FIG. 14 shows an external side (23) of the female member (22) and FIG. 15 shows an internal side (24) of the female member (22). FIG. 16 shows an internal side (26) of the male member (25) that faces the internal side (24) of the female member (22) when the male member (25) is engaged with the female member (22). FIG. 17 shows an external side (27) of the male member (25) that will face the outside of the rough-in box (28) shown in FIGS. 20 and 21.

(64) FIG. 25 shows the male member (25) fully inserted into the female member (22) giving a minimum length for at least one side wall of the rough-in box (28). The male member (25) is slidably engaged with the female member (22) such that the length of a side wall formed by the male member (25) and female member (22) can be adjusted. FIG. 24 shows the partial withdrawal of the male member (25) from within the female member (22) to provide a side wall unit of an adjusted length. Once the desired length of the side wall of the rough-in box (28) is obtained, the female and male members (22, 25) are secured to each other by a pin, dowel, or nail. A specific type of fastener may also be used that is spring loaded to allow for quick manipulation, or a quarter turn fastener may also be used to allow for quick manipulation.

(65) FIG. 26 shows a square rough-in box (28) having ail four sides with a minimum length when the male member (25) is fully within the perimeter of the female member (22). FIG. 27 shows the rough-in box (28) with the male members (25) partially withdrawn from the female members (22) thereby giving a rough-in box (28) of an adjusted length and width.

(66) Both the female and male members (22, 25) are provided with a flange at the top (38, 39), and each flange (38, 39) is respectively provided with an outer rim (40, 41). The flange (38) on the female member (22) may be provided with a series of apertures (42) which may facilitate the adjustment of the length of the combination of female and male members (22, 25) by sliding the male member (22) into a desired position relative to the female member (25) so as to provide a side wall of an appropriate length. In this manner, each assembly of the female and male members (22, 25) forms a side wall of the rough-in box (28).

(67) The rough-in box (28) is formed by joining four side walls together. The female member (22) and the male member (25) have corresponding mating faces that interlock when pushed together Each male member (25) has an extending ridge (29) and a flange (30) on the right side of the internal side (26) as shown in FIG. 16. The flange (30) of the male member (22) has teeth (33) as shown in FIG. 18. The extending ridge (29) and the flange (30) are exposed when the male member (25) is inserted within the female member (22) no matter whether the male member is partially withdrawn from the female member (22) as shown in FIG. 24, or whether the male member is fully inserted within the female member (22) as shown in FIG. 25.

(68) Each female member (22) has a slot (31) on the top left corner of the external side (23) as shown in FIG. 14. Each female member (22) also has groves (32) running down the right edge of the internal side (24) as shown in FIG. 15.

(69) When two side wall of assembled female and male members (22, 25) are joined together, the extending ridge (29) of the male member (25) is fitted into the slot (31) of the female member (22) and the teeth (33) of the flange (30) engage the groves (32) running down the right side of the internal edge (24) of the female member (22). The joint interaction between the male member (25) and the female member (22) is shown in FIG. 23 which is a close-up view of one corner of the assembled rough-in box (28) shown in plan view in FIG. 22. As shown in FIG. 23, the teeth (33) of the flange (30) of the male member (25) engage the grooves (32) of the internal side (24) of the female member (22) at a particular angle which causes a ratcheting effect. This creates a permanent geometrical interference fit. Optionally, the two side walls may also be bolted, screwed, or nailed together as an additional measure for joining the side walls of the rough-in box (28) together.

(70) As indicated above, before joining two side walls together, the length of each side wall can be adjusted by withdrawing the male member from within the female as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25. In this way, the length and width of the rough-in box (28) can be adjusted according to the needs of a particular application or location. For example, a rough-in box (28) with four sides assembled together is shown in FIG. 26 in which the male members (25) are fully inserted within the female members (22) thereby giving a rough-in box (28) with a square shape having a minimum length and a minimum width. Alternatively, FIG. 27 shows a rough-in box (28) with four sides assembled together in which the length of each side has been adjusted by withdrawing each male member (25) from each female member (22) thereby giving a rough-in box (28) with an adjusted length and width.

(71) Once the lengths of the sides have been appropriately adjusted, additional side walls are joined together in a similar fashioni.e., the extending ridge (29) of each male member (25) is fitted into the slot (31) of each female member (22) and the teeth (33) of the flange (30) of each male member (25) engage the groves (32) running down the internal edge (24) of each female member (22). FIGS. 20 and 21 show perspective views of a rough-in box (28) having all four sides attached together.

(72) In an embodiment different from the one described above, an alternative configuration may be used for adjusting the length and width of the rough-in box (28). This alternative configuration is shown in FIGS. 39 and 40. In this embodiment, side walls (53) can be equipped with a series of parallel slots (54), and the end of each side wall (53) comprises a clip (55) that can be inserted into a slot (54) of another side wall (53). Depending the slot (54) into which the clip (55) is inserted, the length or width of the rough-in box (28) can be adjusted.

(73) The female members (22) and the male members (25) that form each side wall of the rough-in box (28) should be made from a strong, durable material for use in a construction site. Other properties such as the weight of the box can also be relevant to the choice of material for the female and male members (22, 25). For example, these components can be made from aluminum or an aluminum alloy such as, for example, an aluminum 5000 series alloy having a thickness of 0.050 inches.

(74) In one embodiment, the side walls of the rough-in box (28) are rounded so that instead of a square, rectangular shape, the rough-in box (28) has a rounded, circular shape. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 38, the rounded side walls use the same male-female joint system used for the square rough-in boxes (28).

(75) There is no need to have a bottom surface on the rough-in box (28) as that would hinder the installation of plumbing, ducts, or other mechanical systems between floors. Thus, only a lid (34) needs to be opened so that these systems can be passed up from the floors below.

(76) Once the four side walls of the rough-in box (28) are joined together, the lid (34) is attached to the rough-in box (28). Each side wall of the rough-in box (28) is formed with a flange (38, 29) at the top to provide support for the lid (34) so that the lid (34) can be attached to any of the side walls of the rough-in box (28).

(77) The lid (34) is load bearing to permit workmen, equipment, vehicles, and materials to move over the lid (34) without risk of the lid (34) collapsing and caving in. Therefore, the lid (34) needs to be made from a strong enough material to provide a working surface on the floor while construction is being carried out. As such, the lid (34) must be capable of supporting a weight of at least 2,000 pounds and in some applications of supporting weights of up to 20,000 pounds. The lid (34) can be made from fiberglass or from heavy duty plastics such as polyethylene, polyvinyl, and polypropylene. Additionally, in some embodiments, the lid (34) can be made from engineered wood. It is also possible that the lid (34) is made from a combination of fiberglass, heavy duty plastic and/or engineered wood.

(78) In one embodiment, the lid (34) can be made from resin impregnated fiberglass with the density of fibers being determined by the weight that the lid (34) has to bear. The resins used to make the lid (34) can include epoxy resins as well as other types of thermosetting plastics such as polyester or vinylester resins and thermoplastics. Table 1 compares the nominal flexural modulus and strength of several lids varying by the number of piles of fiberglass tape, area weight, and thickness.

(79) TABLE-US-00001 Piles of Tape 3 6 10 18 Nominal Areal Weight 0.24 lbs/sqft 0.47 lbs/sqft 0.79 lbs/sqft 1.41 lbs/sqft 1.15 kg/sqm 2.30 lbs/sqm 3.84 lbs/sqm 6.91 lbs/sqm Nominal Thickness (in) 0.003 in 0.060 in 0.100 in 0.180 in 0.762 mm 1.524 mm 2.540 mm 4.572 mm Nominal Flexural Modulus 880 ksi 1250 ksi 1900 ksi 2000 ksi Major Direction 6067 mpa 8618 mpa 13099 mpa 13788 mpa Nominal Flexural Modulus 195 ksi 740 ksi 1300 ksi 1600 ksi Minor Direction 1344 mpa 5102 mpa 8962 mpa 11030 mpa Nominal Flexural Strength 18 ksi 21 ksi 34 ksi 30 ksi Major Direction 124 mpa 145 mpa 234 mpa 207 mpa Nominal Flexural Strength 4 ksi 19 ksi 23 ksi 27 ksi Minor Direction 26 mpa 131 mpa 159 mpa 186 mpa

(80) The lid (34) may be custom made to have a fixed size for a particular sized penetration and hence rough-in box (28) or may be of an adjustable size in both the length and width directions. For example, FIG. 30 shows the size of a lid (34) that can be adjusted by providing corrugations in defaces of different parts of the lid (34) so that they can inter-lock with each other while maintaining a strong support. The corrugations are shaped so that the corrugations can dove tail with each other so that they hold together more rigidly. In this embodiment, four sheets (39, 40, 41, 42) having corrugations in their upper and lower surfaces can be used to adjust the size of the lid (34) in both the length direction and width direction. Optionally, only two sheets can be used if adjustment is desired in only one direction (e.g., adjustment in only the length direction or adjustment in only the width direction). For example, two corrugated sheets (41, 42) can slide with respect to one another to increase the length of the lid (34), or two corrugated sheets (39, 41) can be interlocked adjacent to one another to increase the width of the lid (34). Optionally, a frame (43) with two-way adjustability can be used for extra reinforcement of the lid (34) of adjustable size.

(81) In an alternative embodiment, the length or width of the lid (34) can be adjusted by the turning of a screw (56). This embodiment is shown in FIGS. 41 and 42. The screw (56) is located in the center of a middle panel (57), and as the screw (56) is tightened, it pushes two outer panels (58, 59) in an outward direction. The two outer panels (58, 59) move with brackets (60, 61) which are attached to arms (62, 63) that are connected to a bolt (61). The bolt (61) pulls up when the screw (56) is tightened from the top thereby extending the brackets (60, 61) in opposing outward directions, and thereby increasing the length or width of the lid by pushing the two outer panels (58, 59) in an outward direction.

(82) A fire rated rubber seal (36), such as the one shown in FIG. 32, can be added to the lid (34) for water resistance. As shown in FIG. 28, the seal (36) is added to the under surface of the lid (34) of the rough-in box (28) to create a tight seal with the top surface of the side wall when the rough-in box (28) is closed. Waterproofing the rough-in box (28) allows sheetrock to be stored on floors below without worry of damage.

(83) Optionally, compressed fireproofing can be embedded into the side walls of the rough-in box (28). As shown in FIG. 37, a slot (46) can be left into the side walls of the rough-in box (28) to receive expandable foam fireproofing. After the rough-in box (28) is assembled and put into place, a worker can pull off a tape that will expose the expandable foam fireproofing. When the tape is removed, the fireproofing will expand until it meets a solid barrier (e.g., air conditioner ducts) such that when a duct is passed through the rough-in box (28), the fireproofing material is adhered to the surface of the duct. The fireproofing material can be an intumescent tape or any equivalent thereof. Intumescent materials that can be included in the tape include for example polyphosphates (such as ammonium polyphosphate) and materials that react with such phosphates such as pentaerythritol and melamine, or silicate-containing materials.

(84) If desired, the lid (34) can be supported by a strut stretching across the box from an opening or vertical slot in one wall to an opening or vertical slot in an opposite wall to provide additional load bearing strength.

(85) The lid (34) may be equipped with hydraulic hinges (44) to control the speed that the lid (34) opens and to also keep the lid (34) in a vertical open position when the lid (34) is opened by a worker working on the hole. The hydraulic hinges (44) are shown in FIG. 34.

(86) The lid (34) can feature a grip and/or handle (45) for easy opening of the lid (34). An example of a handle (45) is shown in FIG. 35.

(87) Different locks/screw heads can be utilized so that only certain personnel from a particular trade can open the rough-in box (28). For example, some designated rough-in boxes (28) can be equipped with a special screw head that can only be opened by plumbers, whereas other designated rough-in boxes (28) can be equipped with a different screw head that can only be opened by electricians. Examples of the different types of locks/screw heads that can be used are shown in FIG. 36.

(88) As a safety measure, the lid (34) can have a non-slip surface so that workers and equipment moving over the lid (34) do not slip on the rough-in box (28). A slip resistant surface that can be applied to the lid (34) is shown in FIG. 33.

(89) As an additional safety measure, the lid (34) can also be equipped with a deployable safety rail (37). The deployable safety rail (37) is a series of tubular members that are connected together and fastened to the rough-in box (28) and the lid (34) when the lid (34) is open to prevent accidental trips and falls due to the hole being open. The deployable safety rail (37) can be collapsed/de-constructed and stored in pieces within the rough-in box (28) on the underside of the lid (34) for storage as shown in FIG. 28. When deployed, the tubular pieces of the safety rail (37) are removed from the underside of the lid (34), and are then assembled together atop the rough-in box (28) to form a rectangular prism that would prevent a worker from falling inside the hole of the rough-in box (28) when the lid (34) is open as shown in FIG. 29. The presence of the deployed safety rail (37) also acts as a warning to workers walking on the construction site that the lid (34) of the rough-in box (28) is open.

(90) A sensing system that would alert workers and staff on the jobsite as to when a particular rough-in box has been left open can be included in the rough-in box (28). For example, a pressure sensor can be integrated into the lid (34), side walls, or both the lid (34) and side walls of the rough-in box (28). When the lid (34) is closed, the sensor will register the applied pressure. When the lid (34) is open, no pressure will be detected by the sensor, and the sensor will then wirelessly relay to a visual display that the rough-in box (28) is open.

(91) When installing the rough-in box (28), a numbering system can be used such that each box is numbered to match a corresponding hole at the jobsite. This ensures that the right rough-in box (28) goes over the correct hole. Also, if lids (34) are removed or placed over the wrong hole, this can be easily inspected and corrected.

(92) The rough-in box (28) with the lid (34) attached allows holes to be covered prior to the pouring of concrete and stops leaks from entering the holes. When the concrete is poured to form the floor of a high-rise building, the lid (34) prevents over-pour from the concrete and creates a perfect edge that is level with the concrete when the concrete solidifies. Thus, there are no obstructions on the floor because the lid (34) will be flush with the concrete floor, allowing for the first time use of dollies, manlifts, modular scaffolding, and designated walkways because the lid (34) is load bearing and capable of handling loads from heavy machines and equipment. As a result, fewer safety personnel are needed and work shutdowns are eliminated.

(93) The rough-in box (28) of the present invention is embedded in the concrete floor, and only the lid (34) needs to be removed during stripping. When the lids (34) are removed, the lids (34) can be easily stacked and removed all together.

(94) FIGS. 43 and 44 show an additional embodiment of the present invention which is a modular construction for a plumber's box (48). In this embodiment, each side wall (49) has a slot (50) on each side. The slot (50) of one side wall (49) will fit into the slot (50) of another side wall (49) when one side wall (49) is inverted upside down. The side walls (49) are comprised of different fixed lengths which can be mixed and matched to create a box (48) of a desirable size and shape.

(95) For example, an assembled T shaped plumber's box (48) is shown in FIG. 44. The T shaped plumber's box (48) is made from side walls (49) having lengths of 4 inches and 6 inches. Additional fixed lengths for the side walls (49) such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 inches are also possible. All of the slots (50) of the side walls (49) have the same shape, and thus the side walls (49), irrespective of length, are compatible with each other.

(96) A bottom (51) may be used to complete the plumber's box (48). The shape and size of the bottom (51) may be custom made to meet the particular shape and size created by the side walls (49) for a particular plumber's box (48). Slits (52) can be cut into the sides of the bottom (51) so that protrusions (64) extending from the bottom of the side walls (49) can be inserted thereby attaching the bottom (51) to the side walls (49), and adding stability and sturdiness to the assembled plumber's box (48).

(97) The side walls (49) and bottom (51) are flat so that when they are loaded for transportation to a worksite, they can be easily stacked on top of another to reduce storage space. In this manner, a plumber's box (48) having a desirable size and shape can be easily and efficiently constructed from components that significantly reduce storage space.

(98) While the present invention has been described above in terms of specific embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come to the mind of those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains, and which are intended to be and are covered by both this disclosure and the appended claims. His indeed intended that the scope of the invention should be determined by proper interpretation and construction of the appended claims and their legal equivalents, as understood by those of skill in the art relying upon the disclosure in this specification and the attached drawings.