WHEELCHAIR RAMP

Abstract

A ramp transportation system for a wheelchair enables transportation, deployment, and retrieval of a portable ramp by a single wheelchair occupant in the absence of external aid. The device comprises: a platform, configured to support the width of a wheelchair for crossing the platform, having a sufficient stiffness to support a wheelchair and occupant load; a lifting mechanism interface in the platform, disposed at least near each end of the ramp, configured to support cantilever lifting forces on the ramp; a lifting element, configured to engage the lifting mechanism interface and to apply a force to raise and lower the platform between a raised, stowed position and a lowered position, suitable for traversal; and a motor, configured to supply sufficient force on the lifting element to raise and lower the platform.

Claims

1. A wheelchair ramp system, comprising: a ramp comprising: a platform, configured to support wheels of a wheelchair for traversing the platform, having a sufficient stiffness to support a wheelchair and occupant load; and a lifting mechanism interface in the platform disposed at least near each end of the platform, configured to support cantilever lifting forces on the platform; a lifting element, configured to engage the lifting mechanism interface and to apply a force to raise and lower the platform between a raised, stowed position and a lowered position, deployed position, suitable for traversal of the wheelchair across the platform; a motor, configured to supply sufficient force on the lifting element to raise and lower the platform; and a control, configured to drive the motor;

2. The wheelchair ramp system according to claim 1, wherein: a motor is disposed below a seat of the wheelchair; and the platform in the stowed position is behind the wheelchair.

3. The wheelchair ramp system according to claim 1, wherein the platform is collapsible to accommodate wheelchair folding.

4. The wheelchair ramp system according to claim 1, wherein the motor alone directly drives the lifting element.

5. The wheelchair ramp system according to claim 1, wherein the motor drives a mechanism comprising a cable and a pulley.

6. The wheelchair ramp system according to claim 1, wherein the motor drives a mechanism comprising a geartrain.

7. The wheelchair ramp system according to claim 1, wherein a mechanical element is provided to secure the platform in the stowed position.

8. The wheelchair ramp system according to claim 1, wherein an electromechanical element is provided to automatically secure the platform in the stowed position.

9. The wheelchair ramp system according to claim 1, wherein a mechanical stop is provided to prevent collision of the ramp with the rear of the wheelchair.

10. A method of permitting a wheelchair to traverse a sharp change in elevation, comprising: providing a ramp, configured to support wheels of the wheelchair for traversing the ramp, having a sufficient stiffness to support a wheelchair and occupant load, in a near vertical orientation at a rear of the wheelchair, the ramp having a lifting mechanism interface disposed at least near each end of the ramp, configured to support cantilever lifting forces on the ramp to raise and lower the ramp to and from a horizontal orientation, and to engage and disengage with a lifting mechanism; lowering the ramp at the rear of the wheelchair to a near-horizontal orientation across the sharp change in elevation, by actuating the lifting mechanism to lower the ramp; and disengaging the lifting mechanism from the lifting mechanism interface, to thereby permit the wheelchair to freely traverse the ramp.

11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: after traversing the ramp, reengaging the lifting mechanism with the lifting mechanism interface; and raising the ramp at the rear of the wheelchair from the near-horizontal orientation to the near vertical orientation.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising latching the ramp at the rear of the wheelchair in the near vertical orientation.

13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising maintaining the ramp in the near vertical orientation with an electronically controlled latch, and automatically unlatching the ramp before lowering the ramp.

14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the lifting mechanism is driven by a motor, configured to supply sufficient force on the lifting element to raise and lower the ramp.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the motor is controlled by a microprocessor.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the motor drives a mechanism comprising a cable and a pulley.

17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the motor drives a mechanism comprising a geartrain.

18. The method according to claim 10, further comprising maintaining the ramp in the near vertical orientation with a latch, and unlatching the ramp before lowering the ramp.

19. The method according to claim 10, wherein the ramp is distanced from the rear of the wheelchair by a mechanical stop.

20. A wheelchair, comprising: a seat, supported by a frame on a set of wheels; a platform having opposite ends, configured to be supported at the opposite ends, having a sufficient stiffness to support the wheelchair and occupant load on the platform; and a pair of lifting interfaces in the platform respectively disposed near each opposite end of the platform, configured to transfer cantilever lifting forces to the platform; a lift, configured to engage the lifting interfaces and to apply a force to raise the platform between a raised, stowed position and to lower the platform to a lowered position, deployed position, the platform in the deployed position being suitable for traversal of the wheelchair across the platform over a gap; an automated control, configured supply power to the lift for raising and lowering the platform.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] FIG. 1A shows a view of a full assembly with Ramp in expected rest position of final design.

[0024] FIG. 1B shows the ramp lowered and deployed atop model 7-inch curb.

[0025] FIGS. 2A-2E show views of the RAM which interfaces with Ramp.

[0026] FIG. 3 shows a closeup of pulley-post with steel Cable channeled through to pull RAM.

[0027] FIG. 4 shows a side view of ramp deployed and resting on top of 7-inch curb.

[0028] FIG. 5 shows a closeup image of the ramp, sidewalls, and tractioned grit surface.

[0029] FIGS. 6A and 6B show closeup images of the motor, mount beam, and Motor-pulley with steel Cable wound in position.

[0030] FIG. 7 shows a prototype device, ramp resting on rear of chair.

[0031] FIG. 8 shows a closeup image of the motor running.

[0032] FIG. 9 shows a torque against Speed and Current for the selected 24-V brushless motor.

[0033] FIG. 10 shows a test measuring coefficient of friction of the rubber grip that is on the ends of the ramp.

[0034] FIG. 11 shows measurement of the force necessary to raise the ramp.

[0035] FIG. 12 shows a closeup image of the Shaft-collar clamp.

[0036] FIG. 13 shows a simplified circuit analysis.

[0037] FIG. 14 shows an analysis of motor torque necessary.

[0038] FIG. 15 shows loading conditions for the lower end of single ramp rail.

[0039] FIG. 16 shows loading conditions for the upper end of single ramp rail.

[0040] FIG. 17 shows results of a load simulation for ramp.

[0041] FIG. 18 shows loading conditions for the RAM right T-beam.

[0042] FIG. 19 shows loading conditions for the RAM left T-beam.

[0043] FIG. 20 shows results of load simulation for the RAM.

[0044] FIG. 21 shows loading conditions for crossbeam of the RAM.

[0045] FIG. 22 shows the deformation as a result of the force exerted on the RAM.

[0046] FIGS. 23A-23H show schematic drawings representing stages of a method according to the present invention.

[0047] FIGS. 24A-24C show images of the ramp being raised by the RAM.

[0048] FIG. 25 shows a schematic drawing of the electronics.

[0049] FIG. 26 shows a semi-schematic drawing of a system architecture.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0050] Full System Assembly Overview

[0051] The device is capable of deploying and retrieving a portable ramp, within a full user-cycle averaging no more than 1 minute 30 seconds (90 seconds). Furthermore, the device preferably is able to mount onto any standard wheelchair frame, and not interfere with normal use of the chair, including minimizing the weight of the addition.

[0052] FIG. 1A shows a model of the full device assembly mounted on a model wheelchair. FIG. 1B shows the ramp lowered and deployed atop model 7-inch curb. The device consists of three major subsystems and mounting components to secure these systems to the wheelchair. These three major systems are:

[0053] the Ramp-Arm Mechanism (RAM);

[0054] the Ramp System; and

[0055] the Electromechanical System consisting of the motor/pulley, battery, microcontroller, and various other electrical components.

[0056] The device functionally lowers and raises a hinged, rack-like, H-bar arm on the rear of the wheelchair, which is referred to as the Ramp-Arm Mechanism (RAM). This lowering/raising function is accomplished by motor-torque supplied from the Electromechanical System: torque is transferred by a steel cable channeled from the motor/pulley at the front of the wheelchair to the RAM at the rear of the chair. In the stowed state, towards the very rear of the wheelchair and resting on the RAM is the Ramp System. This ramp-set consists of two pre-manufactured ramp-rails, each 7.5 inches in width and fixed to a length of 4-feet for normal usage. Of course, the length may vary, and the width should correspond to the width of the wheelchair itself.

[0057] Components/Subsystems

[0058] T-Beams and L-Beams were used for many of the structural components of the system, in order to increase structural strength against bending stress.

[0059] A reducing pulley system is used in order to reduce the amount of torque required from the motor, and thus double the maximum lift force the motor could provide to the Ramp Arm Mechanism (RAM). While this may be avoided by use of a powerful motor alone, this reduction increases the device factor of safety to account for unforeseen sources of friction, such as dirt or debris in the hinged element, reduces peak power and current, and weight of the motor and battery.

[0060] A free-rotating hinge with more than 180 degrees of rotation, is used to allow the RAM H-Bar to freely pivot. This range of motion may also be accomplished by use of other connectors, such as a set of ball and socket joints, however simple hinges proved to be sufficient in the embodiment.

[0061] Springs and spring-loaded rods were used in locations to induce a tendency in components (i.e., the Ramp and RAM) to move in the deployment direction when released.

[0062] Shaft Collars provide a reliable point of connection for the system components onto the wheelchair's frame, without adding too much weight or damaging the wheelchair.

[0063] The user interfaces with three switches:

[0064] Rockerto turn the system on and off.

[0065] Toggleto change the direction of the RAM (up/down).

[0066] Pushto activate the RAM to raise or lower the ramp.

[0067] A microcontroller (e.g., an Arduino, powered by a 9V battery) reads these switch inputs and then sends a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to the motor controller. The motor controller then supplies power from the main battery to the motor to drive it in the desired direction. The motor, as a result, then provides sufficient torque to raise and lower the ramp. The microcontroller and associated circuitry may be provided with various sensors, such as current, voltage, motor speed, motor temperature, battery state, etc., which may provide ancillary basis for control over the system. The motor and motor controller are both powered by a rechargeable 20V battery.

[0068] When ascending, the ramp will automatically stop when vertical. A limit switch is triggered in order to stop the system for safety reasons. Of course, other ramp-state sensors may be provided and used for control.

[0069] Ramp-Arm Mechanism (RAM)

[0070] The RAM consists of one pair of 17-inch aluminum T-beams attached and hinged to a crossbeam spanning the width between two cylindrical members at the rear of the wheelchair. The T-beams are fixed in width by another 11-inch aluminum T-beam member located about 6.5 inches along their length from the hinges. Steel cable is channeled through this horizontal T-beam member and ends at a disk-shaped stopper behind the beam. A 6.5-inch tall vertical aluminum post and mounted pulley (shown in FIG. 3) also channel this steel cable and provides mechanical advantage in applying torque to the ramp. Upright tabs are affixed at the end of the RAM and serve to indicate when the user has touched the second horizontal beam of the ramp during retrieval.

[0071] As the RAM is hinged, it may rotate to be nearly upright when in rest. Due to the set length of the steel cable, the RAM may also rotate about 40 below the wheelchair's horizontal. This range of motion is utilized in lowering/deploying the ramp, and again during lifting/retrieval of the ramp.

[0072] FIGS. 2A-2E show various views of the RAM as it is intended to interface with the Ramp System during retrievalwhen the user has rolled their wheelchair up and onto a raised curb, the RAM has been lowered, and the user has reversed until the RAM's far tabs have touched the second horizontal beam of the ramp. In this process, the RAM slides over the first horizontal beam of the ramp and slides just under the second horizontal beam. The motor then drives the steel cable to pull the RAM/Ramp combination toward the rear-face of the chair to its intended rest position.

[0073] Ramp System

[0074] The Ramp System consists of two pre-manufactured aluminum telescoping ramp-rails, each 7.5 inches in width and fixed to a length of 4-feet during use. For storage purposes, the user may still telescope the ramp-set down to just under 3-feet by depressing the yellow buttons on both sides. The Ramp system is fixed to a width of 31 inches by four horizontal beams, accommodating the distance between the wheelchair rear-wheels as well as the distance between the wheelchair casters. These horizontal beams slide into slots machined into the side of the ramp and are secured by screw. The layout of these four beams ensures a symmetrical user cycle in which the RAM can interface at the top or bottom of a curb.

[0075] The ramp itself is rated for 600-lbs load, and includes a high traction grit surface as well as sidewalls to prevent the user from falling off the sides.

[0076] FIG. 4 shows the ramp deployed onto a 7-inch high curb.

[0077] FIG. 5 shows a closeup of the model of the ramp, its sidewalls, and its traction-enhanced surface.

[0078] Electromechanical System

[0079] The Electromechanical System consists of a 24-V DC brushless motor, microcontroller, motor shield controller, battery, along with wiring and user interface buttons/controls. The motoralong with the motor controller, pulley, battery, and microcontrollerare mounted with shaft-collars along the front-bottom portion of the wheelchair in order to better distribute the total weight of the device. Steel cable is wound around the motor-pulley and functions to transfer torque from the motor to the RAM during ramp deployment and retrieval.

[0080] A latching/mechanical locking/safety mechanism may be provided to maintain the RAM in the upright position. For example, a solenoid driven bayonet or ball-pin mechanism may be used to lock the RAM in the stowed position. This addition must be easy for the user to interface with and it must not interfere with functionality. A camera/rearview alignment system is preferably provided for the stakeholder to utilize the system.

[0081] A mechanical stop may be present behind the backseat to further protect the wheelchair occupant from collision with the ramp.

[0082] The ramp may be provided with a wedge at each end of the ramp, to ease the bump where the ramp contacts the ground. Safety straps may be added to the wheelchair, that will keep the ramp in the upright position when not in use. This avoids, for example, a need to run the motor with a constant torque, and thus continually drain the battery.

[0083] The ramp contact with the ground is designed to have as high of a coefficient of friction as possible, to avoid slipping.

[0084] The wheelchair itself may be modified to provide a wheel ratcheting system to make rolling up and down the ramp safer and easier, and maximize the battery efficiency to increase the use cycles per charge.

[0085] Overall, the system and components above are more than sufficient in meeting the below criteria:

[0086] Load Capacity: at least 500-lbs.

[0087] Height Capability: 1-ft Elevations at a grade comfortable for wheelchair users.

[0088] Time Capability: 1 min 30 sec.

[0089] Portability: Fold-Compatible.

[0090] Ease of Use: Only Two Controls.

[0091] The invention thus boasts a niche in the market of devices for disabled users. The prototype device is suitable for adult individuals who utilize a standard-frame manual wheelchair and desire a light, affordable product to help traverse and uneven surfaces, and scale heights as great as 1-foot comfortably. The dimensions may be changed to accommodate other circumstances.

[0092] The system provides a practical, safe alternative for wheelchair users to avoid performing risky maneuvers to go up and down curbs.

[0093] FIGS. 6A and 6B show closeup images of the Motor, mount beam, and Motor-pulley with steel Cable wound in position. The Microcontroller, motor shield, and battery are now show.

[0094] FIG. 7 shows a prototype device, ramp resting on rear of chair.

[0095] FIG. 8 shows a closeup image of the motor running.

[0096] FIG. 9 shows a torque against Speed and Current for the selected 24-V brushless motor.

[0097] FIG. 10 shows a test measuring coefficient of friction of the rubber grip that is on the ends of the ramp.

[0098] FIG. 11 shows measurement of the force necessary to raise the ramp.

[0099] FIG. 12 shows a closeup image of the Shaft-collar clamp.

[0100] FIG. 13 shows a simplified circuit analysis.

[0101] FIG. 14 shows an analysis of motor torque necessary.

[0102] FIG. 15 shows loading conditions for the lower end of single ramp rail.

[0103] FIG. 16 shows loading conditions for the upper end of single ramp rail.

[0104] FIG. 17 shows results of a load simulation for ramp.

[0105] FIG. 18 shows loading conditions for the RAM right T-beam.

[0106] FIG. 19 shows loading conditions for the RAM left T-beam.

[0107] FIG. 20 shows results of load simulation for the RAM.

[0108] FIG. 21 shows loading conditions for crossbeam of the RAM.

[0109] FIG. 22 shows the deformation as a result of the force exerted on the RAM.

[0110] FIGS. 22A-23H represent stages of operation of the RAM. FIG. 23A represents the ramp held near vertically at the rear of a wheelchair, near a change in elevation (e.g., a curb). FIG. 23B represents the user controlling the RAM to lower the ramp to provide a smooth surface across the change in elevation. FIG. 23C represents the ramp in the fully lowered position, disengages from the RAM, and the user ready to back the chair across the ramp. FIG. 23D represents the user partially across the ramp. FIG. 23E represents the user fully across the ramp. FIG. 23F represents the user after turning the chair around, and in position to lift the ramp from its deployed position. FIG. 23G represents the user controlling the RAM to raise the ramp its stowed position. FIG. 23H represents the user ready to depart the change in elevation with the ramp in the near vertical position at the rear of the wheelchair.

[0111] FIGS. 24A-24C show images of the ramp being raised by the RAM. FIG. 24A shows the user backing the wheelchair up to the ramp. FIG. 24B shows the RAM in mid position raising the ramp. FIG. 24C shows the ramp raised to the near-vertical position.

[0112] FIG. 25 shows a schematic drawing of the electronics.

[0113] FIG. 26 shows a semi-schematic drawing of a system architecture.

[0114] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims and other features and acts that would be recognized by one skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the claims.