Abstract
In a method for detecting the presence of water or additional water, which exists because of a leak, the following steps are carried out: attaching at least one pair of electrodes to/in an object, to/in the presence of water is to be determined; applying an electrical voltage between the electrodes; testing whether electrical current or electrical current that is increased relative to a basic current flows between the electrodes; and detecting the presence of water in the case of flowing current. When implementing the method, at least two electrodes are used, wherein one electrode can be a ground. The electrodes are arranged separated from one another. DC or AC voltage is applied to the electrodes by a device. The device detects a measured value corresponding to the intensity of the current flowing between the electrodes.
Claims
1. Method for detecting the presence of water, in which the following steps are carried out: Attaching at least one pair of electrodes to/in an object, to/in the presence of water is to be determined, Applying an electrical voltage between the electrodes, Testing whether electrical current or electrical current that is increased relative to a basic current flows between the electrodes, and Detecting the presence of water in the case of flowing current, wherein when water is detected based on the electrical current that flows between the electrodes, allowance is made for the conductivity of the object, inherent to the object.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrodes are arranged separated from one another.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a device for generating the voltage that is to be applied to the electrodes and for measuring the electrical current flowing between the electrodes is connected to the electrodes.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein one of the electrodes is arranged on the object and wherein a ground is used as the second electrode, which serves as a counter electrode.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the object, in which the presence of water is detected, is selected from the group consisting of wall, ceiling, floor, basement floor, roof, flat roof, swimming pool, swimming pond, retaining wall, pipe, household installation line, underfloor heating system, line in a heating system, waste-water line, drinking-water line, warm-water line and composite lumber, shaft, oil trap basin, sewer shaft, underground container and filter bed.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein more than two pairs of electrodes are used and wherein a ground is assigned as a common counter electrode to the pairs.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein more than two pairs of electrodes are used and wherein electrical voltage is alternately applied to electrodes of the pairs.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein when water that exits from an object designed as a pipe is detected, multiple electrodes that are connected to one another are moved through the pipe in order to find leak sites, and wherein an electrode is attached as a counter electrode to the outside of the pipe or wherein a ground is used as a counter electrode.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein two separate electrodes separated from one another and connected to the device for generating voltage are used, which electrodes are moved.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein a leak site that is found is located by determining the length of a connected line through which the electrodes are moved in the pipe.
11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the electrodes that are moved in the interior of the pipe are connected to one another in an electrically-conductive manner.
12. The method according to claim 1, wherein when water is detected based on the electrical current that flows between the electrodes, allowance is made for the humidity and/or the temperature of the object.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein conductivities stored in a database are used.
14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the conductivity is determined by detecting the electrical current that flows between two electrodes, arranged at a defined distance apart, with a defined voltage applied to the electrodes.
15. The method according to claim 1, wherein when water is detected in composite lumber, an electrode is attached as an electrically-conductive strip in the interior of the composite lumber, and an electrode is attached as a strip to the outside of the composite lumber.
16. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one electrode that is arranged on a manually-guided manual sensor is used.
17. The method according to claim 1, wherein two separate electrodes separated from one another and connected to the device for generating voltage are used, which electrodes are pulled through a pipe.
18. The method according to claim 2, wherein a device for generating the voltage that is to be applied to the electrodes and for measuring the electrical current flowing between the electrodes is connected to the electrodes.
19. The method according to claim 2, wherein one of the electrodes is arranged on the object and wherein a ground is used as the second electrode, which serves as a counter electrode.
20. The method according to claim 3, wherein one of the electrodes is arranged on the object and wherein a ground is used as the second electrode, which serves as a counter electrode.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] Additional details and features of the method according to the invention follow from the description below of examples depicted in the drawings. Here:
[0034] FIG. 1 shows the application of the method according to the invention in the case of a swimming pool with a ground,
[0035] FIG. 2 shows the application of the method according to the invention in the case of a swimming pool without a ground,
[0036] FIG. 3 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a flat roof with a ground,
[0037] FIG. 4 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a flat roof without a ground,
[0038] FIGS. 5 to 15 show practical examples of the method according to the invention on various flat roofs,
[0039] FIG. 16 shows a practical example in locating a leak in a flat roof,
[0040] FIG. 17 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a composite lumber,
[0041] FIG. 18 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a prefabricated house (only in the basement or slab),
[0042] FIG. 19 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a prefabricated house with a ground,
[0043] FIG. 20 shows the application of the method according to the invention in the case of a building installation,
[0044] FIG. 21 shows the application of the method according to the invention in the case of a different building installation,
[0045] FIG. 22 shows the application of the method according to the invention in the case of a line installation,
[0046] FIG. 23 shows the application of the method according to the invention in locating leaks using a manual sensor with a ground,
[0047] FIG. 24 shows the application of the method according to the invention in locating leaks in a pipe with a ground,
[0048] FIG. 25 shows the application of the method according to the invention in locating leaks using a manual sensor without a ground,
[0049] FIG. 26 shows the application of the method according to the invention in locating leaks in sewer shafts with a ground,
[0050] FIG. 27 shows the application of the method according to the invention in locating leaks in oil traps with a ground, and
[0051] FIG. 28 shows the application of the method according to the invention in locating leaks in filter beds with a ground.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0052] In the example, shown in FIG. 1, for implementing the method according to the invention on a swimming pool, the basin 1 of the pool acts as an insulating layer relative to the surrounding soil. On the edge of the basin 1 of the swimming pool, a measuring unit 2 is arranged, to which in the embodiment shown are connected four electrodes 3, which are arranged in the swimming pool lying on its bottom 4. In addition, the measuring unit 2 is connected to a ground 5 as a counter electrode.
[0053] When implementing the method according to the invention, voltage is applied by the measuring unit 2 between each of the four electrodes 3, which are attached to the bottom 4 of the swimming pool, and the ground 5. When current flows between at least one of the four electrodes 3 and the ground 5 that is used as a counter electrode, it can be assumed that a leaky spot exists in the area of the electrodes 3 that are affected in each case, since an (electrolytically)-conductive connection is provided between the electrodes 3 and the ground 5 by water that exits from the swimming pool.
[0054] FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of FIG. 1, but without a ground 5.
[0055] In the arrangement shown in FIG. 2, which operates without a ground 5, voltage from the measuring unit 2 is applied to respectively two of the four electrodes 3, so that current flows between the electrodes 3 when moisture is present.
[0056] FIG. 3 shows in diagrammatic form on a flat roof 6 the arrangement of a measuring unit 2 and multiple electrodes 3 as well as a ground 5 as a counter electrode.
[0057] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, multiple electrodes 3, arranged on the flat roof 6, are connected to the measuring unit 2. In addition, a ground 5 is connected to the measuring unit 2. Electrical voltage is applied by the measuring unit 2 between the electrodes 3 and the ground 5, so that when current flows, it can be detected whether and where a leaky spot exists in the flat roof 6 because of the presence of water.
[0058] FIG. 4 shows the design that is similar to FIG. 3, but without a ground 5.
[0059] In the case of the application according to the invention of the method according to the invention in accordance with FIG. 4, the procedure is carried out similarly to the application shown in FIG. 3, wherein, however, the procedure is carried out without a ground 5, wherein electrical voltage is applied between two electrodes 3—the latter then form an electrode pair.
[0060] In the application of the method according to the invention for detecting the presence of water in the area of the flat roofs 6, it must be assumed that the concrete pavement acts as an insulating layer between the interior of the roof and the ceiling under it. In this case, the conductivity between two pairs of electrodes 3 or more than two pairs of electrodes 3 is measured. When more than two pairs of electrodes 3 are applied, a cross-measurement can be performed, so that the position of a leaky spot in the flat roof 6 can be determined (located).
[0061] FIG. 5 shows the application of the method according to the invention on a ventilated flat roof 7 with a ground 5, wherein the design of the roof from top to bottom is as follows:
[0062] Seal 8
[0063] Separating layer 9
[0064] Planking 10
[0065] Separating layer (diffusion furnace) 11
[0066] Insulation 12
[0067] Moisture barrier 13
[0068] Bitumen layer 14
[0069] Electrodes 3
[0070] Base/Roof structure 15
[0071] Ground 5 (depicted as a cable).
[0072] FIG. 6 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a planted-green roof 16 with a ground, wherein the design of the roof from top to bottom is as follows:
[0073] Vegetation layer 17 and green planting 18
[0074] Draining layer, system filters, & root-blocking non-woven sheet 19
[0075] Separating/Sliding layer 9
[0076] Roof sealing
[0077] Separating layer 11
[0078] Insulation 12
[0079] Moisture barrier 13
[0080] Bitumen layer 14
[0081] Electrodes 3
[0082] Base/Roof structure 15
[0083] Ground 5 (depicted as a cable).
[0084] FIG. 7 shows the application of the method according to the invention to an inverted roof 20 (unventilated) with a ground, wherein the design of the roof from top to bottom is as follows:
[0085] Gravel fill 21
[0086] Roof non-woven sheet 22
[0087] Hard-foam plates 23
[0088] Roof sealing 24
[0089] Bitumen layer 14
[0090] Electrodes 3
[0091] Base/Roof structure 15
[0092] Ground 5 (depicted as a cable).
[0093] FIG. 8 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a warm roof 25 (unventilated) with a ground, wherein the design of the roof from top to bottom is as follows:
[0094] Gravel fill 21
[0095] Seal 24
[0096] Separating layer 11
[0097] Thermal insulation 12
[0098] Moisture barrier 13
[0099] Bitumen layer 14
[0100] Electrodes 3
[0101] Base/Roof structure 15
[0102] Ground 5 (depicted as a cable).
[0103] FIG. 9 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a grounded roof 26 that can support vehicles, wherein the design of the roof from top to bottom is as follows:
[0104] Concrete slabs/Asphalt 27
[0105] Ballast substructure 28
[0106] Bearing layer 29
[0107] Draining and protective layer 19
[0108] Separating and sliding layer 9
[0109] Top ply 30
[0110] Sealing layer 31
[0111] Bitumen layer 14
[0112] Electrodes 3
[0113] Base/Roof structure 15
[0114] Ground 5 (depicted as a cable).
[0115] FIG. 10 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a flat roof 6, wherein on the top of the flat roof 6, four electrodes 3 that are connected in each case to the measuring unit 2 are provided. In addition, a ground 5 is provided, which is also connected to the measuring unit 2.
[0116] FIG. 11 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a ventilated cold roof 32 without a ground 5, wherein the design of the roof 32 from top to bottom is as follows:
[0117] Seal 8
[0118] Separating layer 9
[0119] Planking 10
[0120] Separating layer (diffusion furnace) 11
[0121] Insulation 12
[0122] Moisture barrier 13
[0123] Bitumen layer 14
[0124] Electrodes 3
[0125] Base/Roof structure 15.
[0126] FIG. 12 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a planted-green roof 33 without a ground 5, wherein the design of the roof 33 from top to bottom is as follows:
[0127] Vegetation layer 17 and green planting 18
[0128] Draining layer, system filters, & root-blocking non-woven sheet 19
[0129] Separating/Sliding layer 9
[0130] Roof sealing 8
[0131] Separating layer 11
[0132] Insulation 12
[0133] Moisture barrier 13
[0134] Bitumen layer 14
[0135] Electrodes 3
[0136] Base/Roof structure 15.
[0137] FIG. 13 shows the application of the method according to the invention to an inverted roof 34 (unventilated) without a ground, wherein the design of the roof 34 from top to bottom is as follows:
[0138] Gravel fill 21
[0139] Roof non-woven sheet 22
[0140] Hard-foam plates 23
[0141] Roof sealing 24
[0142] Bitumen layer 14
[0143] Electrodes 3
[0144] Base/Roof structure 15.
[0145] FIG. 14 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a warm roof 35 (unventilated) without a ground, wherein the design of the roof 35 from top to bottom is as follows:
[0146] Gravel fill 21
[0147] Seal 8
[0148] Separating layer 9
[0149] Thermal insulation 12
[0150] Moisture barrier 13
[0151] Bitumen layer 14
[0152] Electrodes 3
[0153] Base/Roof structure 15.
[0154] FIG. 15 shows the application of the method according to the invention to a roof 36 that can support vehicles without a ground, wherein the design of the roof 36 from top to bottom is as follows:
[0155] Concrete slabs/Asphalt 27
[0156] Ballast substructure 28
[0157] Bearing layer 29
[0158] Draining and protective layer 19
[0159] Separating and sliding layer 9
[0160] Top ply 30
[0161] Sealing layer 31
[0162] Bitumen layer 14
[0163] Electrodes 3
[0164] Base/Roof structure 15.
[0165] FIG. 16 shows in diagrammatic form the application of a mobile measuring device 40, equipped with an electrode 3, for locating leaks on a flat roof 41. The electrode 3 is mounted on a frame 42 with wheels 43 and slides over the top of the flat roof 41, wherein the measuring unit 2 that supplies the voltage is mounted on the frame 42. A line 44 runs from the measuring unit 2 that is mounted on the frame 42 to the counter electrode 3 that is attached below the roof. In the case of undesirable moisture (indicated on the right in FIG. 16), the leaky spot is determined from a rise in current intensity (because of increased conductivity).
[0166] FIG. 17 shows the application of the method according to the invention in the case of a composite lumber 45. So that the method according to the invention can be carried out, an electrically-conductive measuring wire 46 (steel wire) is integrated into the composite lumber 45. An electrically-conductive strip 47 (steel strip) is fastened (glued or screwed) onto the top of the composite lumber 45. Electrical voltage is applied by the measuring unit 2 that is connected to the steel strip 47 and the measuring wire 46 to detect water (moisture) in the composite lumber 45. As soon as current flows and its current intensity is shown on the measuring unit 2 as a measured value, it can be inferred that water is present in the composite lumber 45.
[0167] FIG. 18 shows the application of a method according to the invention in the area of a basement 51 of a prefabricated house 50, wherein in the example, multiple electrodes 3 are arranged on the slab 52, and a ground 5 is attached below the slab 52. Both the electrodes 3 and the ground 5 are connected to the measuring unit 2, so that voltage can be applied by the latter between the electrodes 3 and the ground 5. In the presence of (undesirable) water, current flows between the electrodes 3 and the ground 5, so that because of the flowing current, whose intensity is shown as a measured value on the measuring unit 2, it can be inferred that water is present.
[0168] FIG. 19 shows an expansion of the embodiment that is shown in FIG. 18, wherein testing for the presence of water is done not only in the basement 51, but in the entire house 50 in the area of a drop ceiling 53.
[0169] In FIG. 20, the design, shown in FIG. 19, for the application of the method according to the invention is depicted in diagrammatic form for the entire house 50. Two electrodes 3 are arranged on the slab 52 of the basement floor. Two additional electrodes 3 are arranged in the area of the drop ceiling 53. Finally, two additional electrodes 3 are arranged in the area of the roof 54 and in another ceiling 55. All of these electrodes 3 are connected to the measuring unit 2, wherein the presence of water that can be detected using the method according to the invention is depicted symbolically by the depiction of “drops” in the area of the basement 51, in the area of the basement ceiling (=drop ceiling 54), and in the area of a bathroom 56.
[0170] FIGS. 21 and 22 depict the diagrammatic design of an arrangement for implementing the method according to the invention on pipes 60 in building installations, in order to monitor the latter. It is thus assumed that normally, the floor screed acts as an insulating layer between various electrodes 3 in a ceiling 53 under it and the interior of the room. In this case, fixed sensors in the form of electrodes 3, as is depicted diagrammatically in FIG. 22, are provided. Thus, it is possible to monitor and oversee not only the water feed line 61 and the waste-water line 62, but also an underfloor heating system 63 and/or the supply of hot water or cold water to a wash basin 64 and/or a toilet 65 in order to determine whether water is present outside of the lines and therefore at least one leak site exists.
[0171] In FIG. 22, it is shown how the measuring unit 2 is connected via a (an) (electronic) line 66 to an electrode (measuring sensor) 3 that is arranged on the pipe 60. The electrode 3 is fastened to the pipe 60 using an adapter 67, wherein a measuring opening 68 is provided in the area of the electrode 3 in the pipe 60.
[0172] In the arrangement, shown in FIG. 23, for implementing the method according to the invention, it is shown how a leak site can be located in an underfloor heating system 63 using a manually-guided sensor 70 (leak-locating sensor as electrode 3). It is thus assumed that the measuring unit 2 is not only grounded but is also—as indicated below in FIG. 23—connected to the waste-water line 62 (for example as shown in FIG. 22).
[0173] In the embodiment, shown in FIG. 24, of the method according to the invention, a leak site 82 is located in a pipe 60 that is installed in the soil 80. To this end, a line 66 starting from the measuring unit 2, on which line's free end a sensor 83 with electrodes 3 is arranged, is inserted via a (an) (already present) connecting point 81. The measuring unit 2 is also connected to a ground 5 that is designed in the usual way.
[0174] By moving the sensor 83 in the pipe 60—this can be done using the line 66 to which the sensor 83 is connected—the sensor 83 is moved through the pipe 60. A leak site 82 can be detected in the pipe 60 based on the electrical current that flows between the electrode 3 in the sensor 83 and the ground 5 because of the increased conductivity induced by the presence of water. Locating the leak site can be done by measuring the length of the line 66 (of the cable) to which the sensor 83 that has the electrode 3 is attached.
[0175] In the case of the variant, shown in FIG. 25, of an arrangement for implementing the method according to the invention for locating leak sites 82 in a pipe 60, the procedure is carried out without a ground 5. In this case, two sensors 83 with electrodes 3 are connected via separate lines 66 to the measuring unit 2. When the sensors 83 are located in the area of a leak site 82, as indicated in FIG. 25, electrical current flows between the electrodes 3 accommodated in the sensors 83, which current is increased relative to the current (“basic current”) flowing between the electrodes 3 per se because of the presence of water in the pipe 60. The cause of the increase in current intensity (=measured value) in the area of the leak site 82 is the water exiting/exited through the leak site 82 into the soil. Also, in this embodiment, locating the leak site 82 can be done by determining the length of the lines 66 (cable) to which the sensors 83 are connected and which are connected to a measuring unit 2.
[0176] In the case of all practical examples of the method according to the invention, it is advantageous, but not necessary, when even the temperature prevailing when water is detected and the humidity are taken into consideration in order to eliminate misinterpretations when the presence of (undesirable) water is detected.
[0177] FIG. 26 shows a sewer line 90, which is installed in the soil 80 and has a sewer shaft 91. For implementing the method according to the invention, the sewer shaft 91 is sealed relative to the actual sewer line 90 by (two) impermeable cushions 92. The sewer shaft 91 can thus be filled with water. In the example that is shown, water exiting from a leak site 82 in the wall of the sewer shaft 91 can be detected. For this purpose, an electrode 3, which is connected via an electronic line 66 to a measuring unit 2, is inserted into the sewer shaft 91. Also, a counter electrode 5, designed as a ground, is connected in an electrically-conductive manner to the measuring unit 2. When current flows because of the electrical voltage that is applied by the measuring unit 2 to the electrode 3 and the counter electrode 5, current whose current intensity is detected as a measured value by the measuring unit 2, the leak site 82 in the sewer shaft 91 is detected because of water that has exited from the leak site 82.
[0178] In the practical example, shown in FIG. 27, of the method according to the invention, a leak site 82 is located in an oil trap 95. Also in the example of FIG. 27, the oil trap 95 is sealed relative to the sewer line 90 by two impermeable cushions 92. The intensity of the electrical current flowing between the electrode 3 and the counter electrode 5 that is designed as a ground is detected as a measured value by the measuring unit 2 and indicates that water has exited from the leak site 82 in the jacket of the oil trap 95.
[0179] The method according to the invention can also be used to test and monitor the leak tightness of a (waste-water) filter bed 96. FIG. 28 shows this. When current flows between one of the electrodes 3 and the counter electrode 5, which is designed as a ground, based on electrical voltage applied (simultaneously or in succession) to one or more of the electrodes 3 of the measuring unit 2, the presence of water is detected. Because of the use of multiple electrodes 3 connected to the measuring unit 2, it can also be detected where a leak site 82 of the filter bed 96 lies.
[0180] In summary, an embodiment of the invention can be described as follows:
[0181] In a method for detecting the presence of water or additional water, which exists because of a leak, the following steps are carried out: [0182] Attaching at least one pair of electrodes 3, 5 to/in an object, to/in the presence of water is to be determined, [0183] Applying an electrical voltage between the electrodes 3, 5, [0184] Testing whether electrical current or electrical current that is increased relative to a basic current flows between the electrodes 3, 5, and [0185] Detecting the presence of water in the case of flowing current.
[0186] When implementing the method, at least two electrodes (3, 5) are used, wherein one electrode (5) can be a ground. The electrodes (3, 5) are arranged separated from one another. D.c. or a.c. voltage is applied to the electrodes (3, 5) by a device (2). The device 2 detects a measured value corresponding to the intensity of the current flowing between the electrodes 3, 5.
