MULTI-STAGE HYDRAULIC FRACTURING TOOL AND SYSTEM

Abstract

The present invention provides an actuation member for traveling down a borehole of a casing to engage with one or more geometrical profile locations provided inside the casing, and a system for controllably exposing selected locations along the wellbore to a pressurized fluid. The actuation member comprises a generally cylindrical hollow body extending between an uphole end and a downhole end, and a plug seat configured to receive a plug for blocking the borehole. The actuation member has two edge portions separate and movable relative to one another to facilitate resilient deformation of the hollow body, wherein the deformation causes a reduction of cross-sectional area of the hollow body. An outer surface of the hollow body comprises one or more protrusions and/or grooves configured to matingly engage with the one or more geometric profile locations in the casing.

Claims

1. An actuation member for travelling down a borehole of a casing disposed in a wellbore to engage with one or more geometrical profile locations provided inside the casing, the actuation member comprising: a generally cylindrical hollow body extending between an uphole end and a downhole end, and having two proximate edge portions extending between the uphole end and the downhole end, the two edge portions being separate and movable relative to one another to facilitate resilient deformation of the hollow body, said deformation causing a reduction of cross-sectional area of the hollow body; and a plug seat configured to receive a plug for blocking the borehole, wherein an outer surface of the hollow body comprises one or more protrusions and/or grooves configured to matingly engage with the one or more geometric profile locations in the casing , said mating engagement facilitated by said deformation of the hollow body.

2. The actuation member of claim 1, wherein with one or more geometric profile locations are defined by one or more grooves and/or protrusion provided on the inner surface of the casing wall.

3. The actuation member of claim 1, wherein the casing has one or more ports extending through the casing wall, and the casing further comprises: a sliding sleeve member having an aperture for receiving the actuation member therein, the sliding sleeve member being disposed within the borehole to initially cover one of the one or more ports, and configured to move down hole in response to a predetermined amount of force in a longitudinal direction to uncover the port; wherein the one or more geometric profile locations are defined by one or more grooves and/or protrusions provided on an inner surface of the sliding sleeve, said mating engagement facilitate down hole movement of the sliding sleeve member along with the actuation member.

4. The actuation member of claim 1, wherein the hollow body has a generally C-shaped cross section, with the two edge portions separated by a gap in line with a perimeter of the hollow body.

5. The actuation member of claim 4, wherein the hollow body further comprises a wiper portion extending across the gap, the wiper portion being coupled to an inner face of a portion of the hollow body proximate to one of the edge portions, the wiper portion being configured to wipingly engage an inner face of another portion of the hollow body proximate to the other of the edge portions.

6. The actuation member of claim 1, wherein the hollow body is generally spiral-shaped, the spiral having more than one and less than two rotations, wherein an outer face of a portion of the hollow body proximate to one of the edge portions is configured to wipingly engage an inner face of another portion of the hollow body proximate to the other of the edge portions.

7. The actuation member of claim 1, wherein the plug seat comprises a ring-shaped body integral with or coupled to the uphole end of the hollow body.

8. The actuation member of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the actuation member and/or the plug seat is formed of a dissolvable or degradable material or a material which is mechanically destructible under a milling or other operation.

9. The actuation member of claim 1, wherein the plug seat is coupled to the hollow body by a coupling piece located generally diametrically opposite from the two edge portions, the coupling piece spanning an arc of between 5 degrees and 45 degrees.

10. A system for controllably exposing selected locations along a wellbore to a pressurized fluid, the system comprising: a casing for disposal within the wellbore, the casing defining an internal borehole extending longitudinally within the wellbore, the casing having one or more geometrical profile locations provided on inner side thereof; and an actuation member for travelling down the borehole of the casing when disposed in the wellbore to engage with the one or more geometrical profile locations, the actuation member comprising: a generally cylindrical hollow body extending between an uphole end and a downhole end, and having two proximate edge portions extending between the uphole end and the downhole end, the two edge portions being separate and movable relative to one another to facilitate resilient deformation of the hollow body, said deformation causing a reduction of cross-sectional area of the hollow body; and a plug seat configured to receive a plug for blocking the borehole, wherein an outer surface of the hollow body comprises one or more protrusions and/or grooves configured to matingly engage with the one or more geometric profile locations provided in the casing, said mating engagement facilitated by said deformation of the hollow body.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein with corresponding geometric profile locations are defined by one or more grooves and/or protrusion provided on the inner surface of the casing wall.

12. The system of claim 10, wherein the casing has one or more ports extending through side walls thereof; the system further comprising a sliding sleeve member for disposal within the borehole of the casing, the sliding sleeve member having an aperture for receiving the actuation member therein, the sliding sleeve member configured to initially cover one of the the one or more ports, and configured to move down hole in the longitudinal direction, thereby uncovering the port upon application of a predetermined amount of force applied in the longitudinal direction, wherein the corresponding geometric profile locations are defined by one or more grooves and/or protrusion provided on the inner surface of the sliding sleeve, said mating engagement facilitating down hole motion of the sliding sleeve member along with the actuation member.

13. The system of claim 10, further comprising a plug resting on the plug seat, the plug sealing the internal aperture of the actuation member against fluid flow.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the plug is ball shaped or wedge shaped.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the plug is at least partially formed of a dissolvable material or a material which is mechanically destructible under a milling or other operation.

16. The system of claim 10, wherein the hollow body has a generally C-shaped cross section, with the two edge portions separated by a gap in line with a perimeter of the hollow body.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the hollow body further comprises a wiper portion extending across the gap, the wiper portion being coupled to an inner face of a portion of the hollow body proximate to one of the edge portions, the wiper portion being configured to wipingly engage an inner face of another portion of the hollow body proximate to the other of the edge portions.

18. The system of claim 10, wherein the hollow body is generally spiral-shaped, the spiral having more than one and less than two rotations, wherein an outer face of a portion of the hollow body proximate to one of the edge portions is configured to wipingly engage an inner face of another portion of the hollow body proximate to the other of the edge portions.

19. The system of claim 14, wherein the plug seat comprises a ring-shaped body integral with or coupled to the uphole end of the hollow body.

20. The system of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the actuation member and/or the plug seat is formed of a dissolvable or degradable material, or a material which is mechanically destructible under a milling or other operation.

21. The system of claim 10, wherein the plug seat is coupled to the hollow body by a coupling piece located generally diametrically opposite from the two edge portions.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0015] Further features and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in combination with the appended drawing, in which:

[0016] FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of an actuation member (without a plug seat) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] FIG. 2 depicts a perspective view of an actuation member in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] FIG. 3 depicts a perspective view of an actuation member in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] FIG. 4 depicts a cross sectional view of the actuation member of FIG. 1.

[0020] FIG. 5 depicts a cross sectional view of the actuation member of in FIG. 1 wherein the viewpoint is rotated 180 degrees.

[0021] FIG. 6 depicts a front view of the actuation member of FIG. 1.

[0022] FIG. 7 depicts a side view of the actuation member of FIG. 1.

[0023] FIG. 8 depicts a bottom view of the actuation member of FIG. 1.

[0024] FIGS. 9A-9D depict cross sectional views of actuation members in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, each having a chamfered downhole end and different shaped one or more protrusions on the outer surface.

[0025] FIG. 10 depicts a cross sectional view of an actuation member in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, having a chamfered downhole end and grooves on the outer surface, and a plug seat integral with the uphole end of the hollow body.

[0026] FIG. 11 depicts the actuation member of FIG. 10 with a plug on the plug seat.

[0027] FIG. 12 depicts a cross sectional view of an actuation member in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, having a chamfered downhole end, protrusions on the outer surface, and plug seat integral with the uphole end of the hollow body.

[0028] FIG. 13 depicts a cross sectional view of an actuation member in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, having a chamfered downhole end, grooves on the outer surface, and plug seat coupled to the uphole end of the hollow body.

[0029] FIG. 14 depicts the actuation member of FIG. 13 with a plug on the plug seat.

[0030] FIG. 15 depicts the actuation member of FIG. 12 with a plug on the plug seat.

[0031] FIGS. 16A-16D depict different configurations and positioning of multiple protrusions on the outer surface of embodiments of the actuation members in accordance with the present invention.

[0032] FIG. 17 depicts a cross section view of an actuation member in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] FIG. 18 depicts a cross section view of the actuation member of FIG. 17 from a rotated view.

[0034] FIG. 19 depicts the bottom view of FIG. 17 showing the wiper portion in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] FIG. 20A depicts a cross sectional view of a casing member disposed in a wellbore and FIG. 20B depict a corresponding actuation member in latching engagement with the casing member of FIG. 20A.

[0036] FIGS. 21A-21D illustrate in sectional views, operation of an actuation member with respect to the corresponding sliding sleeve member in a wellbore casing, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] As used herein, the term about refers to a +/10% variation from the nominal value. It is to be understood that such a variation is always included in a given value provided herein, whether or not it is specifically referred to.

[0038] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0039] Embodiments of the present invention provide for a multi-stage hydraulic fracturing tool and system. The system generally includes an actuation member which travels down a borehole of a casing member to mate with the casing or to mate and move a sliding sleeve member associated with the casing member for uncovering one or more ports in the casing.

[0040] The present invention provides an actuation member which does not rely on high strength material for holding back high differential pressures, and for preventing plastic deformation due to collet biasing observed in colleted style actuation members. The actuation member of the present invention can be made from a low strength degradable, dissolvable or millable material.

[0041] In one aspect, the present invention provides an actuation member for travelling down a borehole of a casing disposed in a wellbore to engage with one or more geometrical profile locations provided inside the casing.

[0042] The actuation member comprises a generally cylindrical hollow body extending between an uphole end and a downhole end. The hollow body has two proximate edge portions extending between the uphole end and the downhole end defining a gap in the wall of the hollow body. The two edge portions are separate and movable relative to one another to facilitate resilient deformation of the hollow body, which causes a reduction of cross-sectional area of the hollow body. The actuation member further comprises a plug seat configured to receive a plug for blocking the borehole.

[0043] The outer surface of the hollow body comprises one or more protrusions and/or grooves configured to matingly engage with the one or more geometric profile locations inside the casing. The resilient deformation of the hollow body caused by the two separate and movable edge portions further facilitate the mating engagement between the actuation member and the casing.

[0044] In some embodiments, the one or more geometric profile locations are defined by one or more grooves and/or protrusion provided on the inner surface of the casing wall.

[0045] In some embodiments, the casing has one or more ports extending through the casing wall, and the casing further comprises a sliding sleeve member having an aperture for receiving the actuation member therein. The sliding sleeve member is disposed within the borehole to initially cover one of the one or more ports, and also configured to move down hole in response to a predetermined amount of force in a longitudinal direction to uncover the port. In such embodiments, the one or more geometric profile locations are defined by one or more grooves and/or protrusions provided on an inner surface of the sliding sleeve wherein the mating engagement between the actuation member and the sliding sleeve member facilitates downhole movement of the sliding sleeve member along with the actuation member.

[0046] The actuation member is configured for travelling down the borehole in a longitudinal direction and matingely engage with the casing member. The configuration includes sizing and shaping of the actuation member to closely match the aperture of casing, placing of a plug member 560 (such as a ball) into a corresponding plug member seat of the actuation member, and providing protrusions and/or grooves corresponding with the grooves and/or protrusions of geometric profile locations in the casing for the mating engagement therewith.

[0047] The plug seat can be integral with or coupled to the hollow body. In some embodiments, the plug seat is provided at or towards the uphole end of the hollow body.

[0048] The plug seat can be any suitable shape depending upon the shape/configuration of the hollow body. In some embodiments the plug seat is a ring and has grooves on its outer surface for installation of o-rings or other suitable seals or diverter elements.

[0049] In some embodiments, the hollow body has a generally C-shaped cross section, wherein the two edge portions are separated by a gap in line with a perimeter of the hollow body. In some embodiments, the two edge portions are separated by a gap spanning an arc of between 5 degrees and 45 degrees.

[0050] In some embodiments, the plug seat is a ring-shaped body integral with or coupled to the uphole end of the hollow body.

[0051] In some embodiments, the plug seat is coupled to the hollow body by a coupling piece located generally diametrically opposite from the two edge portions. In some embodiments, the coupling piece spans an arc of between 5 degrees and 45 degrees.

[0052] In some embodiments, the plug seat is a frictionally engaged wiper member extending across the two edge portion. In some embodiments, the wiper member is coupled to an inner face of a portion of the hollow body proximate to one of the edge portions, such that the wiper member wipingly (i.e. pressingly and frictionally) engages an inner face of another portion of the hollow body proximate to other of the edge portions.

[0053] In some embodiments, the hollow body has a generally spiral shape, with a spiral having more than one and less than two rotations. In such embodiments, an outer face of a portion of the hollow body proximate to one of the edge portions wipingly engages an inner face of another portion of the hollow body proximate to other of the edge portions to provide a plug seat at the uphole end portion of the hollow body.

[0054] In some embodiments, the hollow body is curved around an axis parallel to a main direction of travel of the actuation member.

[0055] In some embodiments, the uphole and the downhole end of the hollow body has generally circular cross section.

[0056] In some embodiments, the downhole end of the hollow body comprises a wedge-shaped portion.

[0057] In some embodiments, the downhole end of the hollow body is rounded.

[0058] In some embodiments, the downhole end of the hollow body is chamfered.

[0059] The actuation member is configured to receive plugs of varying shapes and sizes. In some embodiments, the plug is ball shaped. In some embodiments, the plug is cone or wedge shaped.

[0060] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the actuation member and/or the plug seat can be formed of dissolvable, degradable and/or millable materials.

[0061] In another aspect, the present invention provides a system for controllably exposing selected locations along a wellbore to a pressurized fluid. The system comprises an elongated casing for disposal within the wellbore. The casing defines an internal borehole extending longitudinally with the wellbore. The casing has one or more geometrical profile locations provided on inner side thereof. The casing can be viewed as a structure within the wellbore which is relatively impermeable to hydraulic fracking fluid. The casing can be a unitary structure or can be formed of one or more mating sections.

[0062] In some embodiments, the one or more geometric profile locations are defined by one or more grooves and/or protrusion provided on the inner surface of the casing wall.

[0063] In some embodiments of the system of the present invention, the casing comprises one or more ports located along the length thereof, and extending through the casing wall. A sliding sleeve member is provided for disposal within borehole of the casing. The sliding sleeve member has an aperture for receiving an actuation member, the sliding sleeve member being configured to initially cover the one or more ports, and configured to move downhole in the longitudinal direction. The one or more geometric profile locations are defined by one or more grooves and/or protrusions provided on an inner surface of the sliding sleeve wherein the mating engagement between the actuation member and the sliding sleeve member facilitates downhole movement of the sliding sleeve member along with the actuation member.

[0064] A port can extend partially or fully around the circumference of the casing, and multiple such ports may be provided. The sliding sleeve member can be fixed in place using shear pins or another frangible or disengagable securing members. Once the securing members have been broken due to application of a predetermined amount of force applied in the longitudinal direction, the sliding sleeve member becomes slidable within the borehole. As such, the sliding sleeve member is configured, upon application of the predetermined amount of force in the longitudinal direction to move downhole in the longitudinal direction, thereby uncovering the one or more ports.

[0065] The system further comprises an actuation member as described above. As discussed above, the outer surface of the hollow body of the actuation member is provided with one or more protrusions and/or grooves configured to matingly engage with the geometrical profile locations provided inside the casing (i.e. one or more mating grooves and/or protrusions of the inner surface of the casing or the inner surface of the sliding sleeve member).

[0066] The actuation member travels down the borehole until it reaches a corresponding geometrical profile location. At this point, the actuation member mateingly engages with the casing.

[0067] In the embodiments, wherein the one or more geometrical profile locations are defined by the one or more grooves and/or protrusion provided on an inner surface of a sliding sleeve member being disclosed in the casing, actuation member travels down the borehole until it reaches the sliding sleeve member having protrusions/grooves corresponding to its protrusions/grooves. At this point, the protrusions/grooves matingly fit within the groove/protrusions of the actuation member. This mating engagement allows downhole force to be applied to the sliding sleeve member in order to move the sleeve member downhole, thereby uncovering the associated ports, and this mating engagement is further facilitated by the deformation of the hollow body of the actuation member.

[0068] In the embodiments, wherein the one or more geometrical profile locations are defined by the one or more grooves and/or protrusion provided on the inner surface of the casing wall, the casing is configured for plug and perf method of fracking. In such embodiments, the casing does not include ports and sliding sleevesln such embodiments, the actuation member travels down the borehole until it reaches a section of the casing member having protrusions/grooves corresponding to protrusions/grooves of the actuation member. At this point the protrusions/grooves of the actuation member and the casing member matingly engage with one another, thereby closing the casing borehole, and allowing release of wire lines to perforate the casing in a section above the actuation member.

[0069] The system further comprises a plug member resting on the plug seat, to seal the internal aperture of the actuation member against down hole fluid flow.

[0070] The plug members suitable for the actuation member and system of the present invention can at least partially be formed of a dissolvable material, degradable material or a material which is mechanically destructible under a milling or other operation.

[0071] To gain a better understanding of the invention described herein, the following examples are set forth with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not drawn to scale, and the illustrated components are not necessarily drawn proportionately to one another. It will be understood that these examples are intended to describe illustrative embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

EXAMPLES

[0072] FIGS. 1 illustrates, in perspective view of an example of the actuation member of the present invention without a plug seat, and FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate examples of the actuation member of the present invention with a plug seat. The actuation member depicted in these figures has a generally cylindrical hollow hollow body (110) having uphole end (115), downhole end (120), and two proximate edge portions (135, 140) extending between the uphole and the downhole ends, thereby defining an internal aperture which opens at the uphole end and the downhole end. In these examples the hollow body, is curved around an axis (125) parallel to a main direction of travel of the actuation member.

[0073] The outer surface of the hollow body is provided with grooves (150) configured to matingly engage with corresponding protrusions of a sliding sleeve member (not shown).

[0074] FIG. 2 depicts a plug seat in the form of a wiper member (210) coupled to a portion of the inner face (240) of the hollow body proximate to the edge portion (140), and extending across the gap between the two edge portions. The wiper member is configured to wipingly/pressingly and frictionally engage a portion of the inner face (220) of the hollow body proximate to edge portion (135).

[0075] FIG. 3 further depicts a ring-shaped plug member (310) connected to the uphole end of the hollow body, via a coupling piece (320) located diametrically opposite from the two edge portions.

[0076] FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate, in perspective view, cross sectional views of the actuation member of FIG. 1. FIGS. 6-8 depict front, side and bottom views, respectively of the actuation member depicted in FIG. 1.

[0077] FIGS. 9A-9D illustrate, in cross sectional views, examples of different shapes and configurations of one or more protrusions on the outer surface of the actuation members of the present invention.

[0078] FIGS. 10 illustrates, in across sectional view, an example of an actuation member having a seat integral with the uphole end of the hollow body, a chamfered downhole end and grooves on the outer surface. FIG. 11 depicts the actuation member of FIG. 10 with a plug on the plug seat.

[0079] FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate, in across sectional views, examples of an actuation member having a plug seat integral with the uphole end of the hollow body, and an actuation member having a plug seat coupled to the uphole end of the hollow body, respectively.

[0080] FIGS. 14 and 15, illustrate, in cross sectional views, different shapes of the plug members seated on the plug seats.

[0081] FIGS. 16A-16D illustrate, in cross sectional views, examples of different configurations, relating sizes and positioning of one or more protrusions on the outer surface of the actuation members of the present invention.

[0082] FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrate, in cross sectional views, an example of the actuation member wherein plug seat is formed by a wiper member, and seating a ball shaped plug member. FIGS. 17 and 18 also show o-rings at the up hole end. FIG. 19 depicts the bottom view of FIG. 17.

[0083] FIG. 20A and 20B illustrate, in cross sectional views, an example of an actuation member (500) being installed in a casing member (400) disposed in a wellbore (not shown) without a sliding sleeve, and the latching engagement between the actuation member and the casing.

[0084] The casing member (400) includes an aperture (420) for receiving the actuation member (500) therein. The aperture has a diameter which is approximately the same as the diameter of the actuation member, so that the actuation member can enter and potentially pass through the aperture. The casing member has grooves (440) provided in its inner wall.

[0085] Actuation member (500) is configured for travelling down the borehole in a longitudinal direction and matingely engage with the casing member. The configuration includes sizing and shaping of the actuation member to closely match the aperture of casing, placing of a plug member 560 (such as a ball) into a corresponding plug member seat (520) of the actuation member, and providing protrusion (540) corresponding with the grooves (440) f the casing for the mating engagement therewith.

[0086] The plug member (560) blocks a longitudinal aperture of the actuator member which, when unblocked, allows fluidic communication between an uphole end of the actuation member and a downhole end of the actuation member. Hydraulic fluid is applied under pressure uphole of the actuation member (500). Due to its slidability within the casing and its size, shape and blocked longitudinal aperture, the actuation member (500) is motivated to move downhole under the hydraulic fluid pressure.

[0087] A predetermined amount of hydraulic pressure imparts a force onto the actuation member and forces a mating engagement between the protrusions of the actuation member (500) with the grooves of the casing member (400), thereby closing the casing borehole and allowing release of wire lines to perforate the casing in a section above the actuation member.

[0088] FIGS. 21A-21D illustrate in sectional views, operation of the actuation member (800) with respect to the corresponding sliding sleeve member (600) in a wellbore casing (700).

[0089] The sliding sleeve member (600) includes an aperture (620) for receiving the actuation member (800) therein. The aperture has a diameter which is approximately the same as the diameter of the actuation member, so that the actuation member can enter and potentially pass through the aperture. The sliding sleeve member has grooves (640) provided in its inner wall.

[0090] The actuation member (800) is configured for travelling down the borehole in a longitudinal direction and matingly engage with the sliding sleeve. The configuration includes sizing and shaping the actuation member to closely match the aperture of sliding sleeve, placing of a plug member 880 (such as a ball) into a corresponding plug member seat (820) of the actuation member, and providing protrusions (840) corresponding with the grooves (640) of the sliding sleeve for mating engagement therewith.

[0091] The plug member (880) blocks a longitudinal aperture of the actuator member which, when unblocked, allows fluidic communication between an uphole end of the actuation member and a downhole end of the actuation member. Hydraulic fluid is applied under pressure uphole of the actuation member (800). Due to its slidability within the sleeve and its size, shape and blocked longitudinal aperture, the actuation member (800) is motivated to move downhole under the hydraulic fluid pressure.

[0092] The sliding sleeve member (600) initially covers a port (740) of the casing (700) in the borehole. The port can extend partially or fully around the circumference of the casing, and multiple such ports may be provided. The sliding sleeve member (600) is fixed in place using shear pins (650). Once the shear pins (650) have been broken due to application of a predetermined amount of force applied in the longitudinal direction, the sliding sleeve member (600) is slidable within the borehole. As such, the sliding sleeve member (600) is configured, upon application of the predetermined amount of force in the longitudinal direction to move downhole in the longitudinal direction, thereby uncovering the port (740).

[0093] The mating engagement of the protrusions of the actuation member (800) with the grooves of the sliding sleeve member (600) allows a transfer of the predetermined amount of force (required to slide the sliding sleeve) from the actuation member to the sleeve member. In more detail, hydraulic pressure imparts the predetermined amount of force onto the actuation member and, by virtue of the mating connection between the actuation member (800) and the sliding sleeve member (600), the force causes shearing of the shear pins (650) and sliding of the sliding sleeve member.

[0094] In FIG. 21A, the sliding sleeve member initially covers the ports. In FIG. 21B, the actuation member has entered the aperture of the sliding sleeve member, and the grooves of the sliding sleeve member have engaged the protrusions of the actuation member. In FIG. 21C, the sliding sleeve member has moved downhole to uncover the ports, due to hydraulic pressure applied uphole of the engaged actuation member. It is noted that the shear pins have been broken under force to allow this movement. In FIG. 21D, the actuation member has been removed (e.g. dissolved), in order to allow fluid flow past the sliding sleeve member.

[0095] It should be understood that any of the foregoing configurations and specialized components or may be interchangeably used with any of the apparatus or systems of the preceding embodiments. Although illustrative embodiments are described hereinabove, it will be evident to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the disclosure. It is intended in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the disclosure.

[0096] Although embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited thereto and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications form part of the present invention insofar as they do not depart from the spirit, nature and scope of the claimed and described invention.